Buyintoni ubunkokeli? ingqiqo Ubunkokheli of mihla zemveli

Kule mihla, wonke umntu uzama ukuba umntu ngempumelelo kunye ohloniphekileyo. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile phezu kwabanye. Njani na ukulawula abantu ukuseka phambili elinegunya? ingqikelelo ubunkokeli zahlukahlukene kakhulu kwaye ufanelwe ingxoxo eyahlukileyo. Phezu kwabo kuya kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

concept lwezikhundla

Ubunkokeli kukukwazi nempembelelo ethile njengoko umntu nganye nganye, kwaye iqela ezahlukeneyo ngabantu, eqondisa imigudu eziqhelekileyo abantu ukuphumeza injongo efanayo. Kwinqaku lwezentlalo nangokwasengqondweni lwembono, le nkqubo zendalo ngokupheleleyo, ngokusekelwe impembelelo abantu anegunya phezu ukuziphatha namanye amalungu eqela. Phantsi yempembelelo ngaxeshanye aqondwe nezenzo zabantu ezenza umahluko iimvakalelo, isimo, kunye nezenzo zomnye umntu. Kukho iindlela ezininzi ukwenza akhokele. ingqiqo Ubunkokeli kubonisa ukuba umphumo ngazo phakathi kwemibono, icala okekelele ngakulo, isiphakamiso, ebhaliweyo kunye athile, ukunyanzela, igunya, njengesifo ngokweemvakalelo, umzekelo lobuqu njalo njalo.

Ngubani na inkokeli

Ubukho yinxalenye yeqela elithile angenela ubunkokeli yomnye umntu. ingqikelelo ubunkokheli ngokusekelwe ezahlukeneyo beengcamango. Ziintoni iimpawu ezifunekayo ukuze umntu ukuze akhokele iqela? Inkokeli - umntu okwaziyo ukumanyanisa abantu aye ukuphumeza ethile injongo. Ngaphezu koko, ingcamango "inkokeli" yaye "injongo" basenokuvana enye kwenye. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umsebenzi othile kunye ngocwangco ukusiqhuba kukodwa akuthethi ukuba abe yinkokeli. kwizinga esemqoka inkokheli nganye phambi nabalandeli. Eyona ndima ephambili yinkokheli nayiphi na ukukwazi ukufumana abantu ukuya emva kwabo, ukuhlela abangaphantsi intsebenziswano eziyimfuneko kwinkqubo enye eyayiza kuba negalelo ngesisombululo iingxaki ezithile kwi-sikhokelo iinjongo lusekiwe. Ngamanye amazwi, inkokeli yeyona nto elawula ukuziphatha kwezinye abantu. Inkokeli lokwenyaniso kuphela umntu na iimpawu othwala akukhuthazwa olukhoyo kweli qela ethile. Ngoko ke, "kuhlwayelwe 'inkokheli yombutho omnye komnye, kwakunye nokuqeshwa encopho yayo - abafumana engafanelekanga nokungaphumeleli kwawo.

iintlobo lwezikhundla

ingqiqo Ubunkokheli lubonisa ukuba abantu ekuhlaleni ndawonye ngenxa yezizathu ezintathu eziphambili. Njengomgaqo, ijikwa ngumnqweno ukufumana inkxaso ngokweemvakalelo, funda ulwazi oluyimfuneko nokuseka ubudlelwane ishishini. Ngoko ke, lo kwesikhokelo lombutho iqulathe amacandelo amathathu: ngokwasemoyeni, ulwazi kunye noshishino. Umntu angakwazi ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukubiza abantu ukuba odolo ze kubakhumbuza injongo eyodwa - i "iqela izandla". Loo mntu ngokuba yinkokeli ishishini. Ngayo usebenza enkulu, uyazi ukuba ukuhlela indlela ishishini kunye nokuseka abafowunelwa eziyimfuneko kunye nobudlelwane kwezoshishino. Umntu onolwazi olunzulu kunye nako ukubahlangula ulwazi ekunene ukuya kwenye - i "iqela ingqondo". Oku kungenziwa ngokuba yinkokeli ulwazi. Person, ekunokuqhagamshelwana naye ukukhuzwa kunye "isikhalazo kwambatha" - i "intliziyo band." Umntu onjalo ke inkokheli ngokweemvakalelo. Ngaphandle iintlobo ezintathu ngasentla libe ngobuwena abaninzi bakhetha yesine. Le - yinkokheli iphela. Umntu onjalo idibanisa zonke amacandelo amathathu, kodwa ke uhlobo lobunkokheli kunqabile kakhulu.

Iindidi imiqondo

Xa sifunda ingxaki womda abantu omnye phezu kwezinye iinkalo ezintathu ezingundoqo zingahlukaniswa: zemveli, isimo kunye ezintsha. Ngokwembali, ukuba ndilwazi iingqiqo yemveli yobunkokheli. Ngokutsho bahlele isihlwele kunokuba kuphela ngumntu ezizodwa, sanikwa iimpawu ezizodwa. abaxhasi abadumileyo le ngcamango - uEdwin Gizella, Warren Bennis kunye Valf Stogdill.

nezimaphambili ezingundoqo lobunkokeli kwihlabathi ngoku isekelwe kwi zemveli. Omnye wabo - imfundiso lobume. Its wacebisa Frank Fiedler, ababekholelwa ukuba umntu unako ukufumana ubuchule ukukhokela kuphela xa iimeko eziphathelelene noko. Ziqhelekile lobume kunye indlela yemveli ekufundweni ingxaki sisiphumo umsebenzi yolawulo kuzo kuxhomekeke neempawu benkokeli.

Kamva, iikhonsepthi iinkokheli ezintsha zadalwa. Ezi ziquka imfundiso le attributive (Umhlalutyi), a (loHlaziyo) ubunkokheli iqhajana zenguqu. Bonke bephela kakhulu krele kwaye banelungelo lokuba khona, kodwa musa ukubonakalisa ngokupheleleyo isenzeko kufundwa. Le umba okudingeka unanamhla. nezimaphambili ezingundoqo lobunkokeli iya echazwe ngezantsi.

imibono yesintu

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ukuba zisekelwe yimbonakalo yangaphandle kunye zobuqu iimpawu iinkokeli, kodwa babengavunyelwa yi ngokuhamba kwexesha. Nazi ezinye zazo:

- Ingcamango iimpawu ezibonakalayo liye waqaphela ongenamali omnye kuqala. Ngapha koko, inkokeli akusoloko luphawulwa lokukhula eliphezulu, ubunzima aphezulu kunye namandla indefatigable omzimba. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, imbonakalo yakhe ibe eliphakathi kakhulu.

- Ingcamango intelligence isekelwe phezu iimpawu ngomlomo okulinganisa ubuntu. Kuthathwa ukuba ubukho ezi mpawu zinika impumelelo zolawulo. Noko ke, asingabo bonke ukuyifunda, kakuhle emihle kunye umntu eluncedo kungabangela abantu.

indlela behaviorist

Ingcamango yemveli yobunkokheli ayiphelelanga iingcamango ezimbini ikhankanywe apha ngentla. Ingcamango uphawu zobunkokeli siyasebenza kubo. Oku kusekelwe kwinto yokuba inkokheli nganye kufuneka ilifa ezithile iimpawu kwengqondo. Imele ilifa ukuzithemba, ukuthamba kunye nengqondo ezibukhali, iyoba namandla, ubuchule, izakhono besebe, ulwazi ubume boluntu. kwabantu, American E. Bogadusom ezidweliswe iimpawu ukuba inkokheli kufuneka ilifa: amandla, ubukrelekrele, inkokheli, ukukwazi ukuba sizilindele, uburharha, ubuchule, umlinganiswa olomeleleyo. Xa "Handbook of Leadership" American R. Stogdill iqaphela ukuba isakhiwo ubuntu, isihloko eli qela kufuneka ngamazinga kunye imisebenzi, iinjongo kunye neempawu angaphantsi kwakhe. Noko ke, ufundisiso amaqela yokwenene baye babonisa ukuba bangaphila umntu ongenayo ezi mpawu. Umntu ubunkokheli isondlo akakwazi, maxa wambi ithatha indawo ukuthobeka kakhulu entlanganweni.

indlela isimo

Ingcamango zobunkokheli lobume ivele ngokususela indlela yemveli ukuya isifundo ngxaki. Bacebise ukuba akhokele iqela kunokuba umntu lowo unako ukwalathisa abantu isindululo ethile le meko kuphela. Umele abe ezifanelekileyo izakhono, iimpawu, iimpawu, ulwazi kunye namava. Ngeenjongo zokusombulula iingxaki ezahlukeneyo ungafuna nobuntu ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ubunkokheli ekuhlaleni Ungasa ukusuka komnye umntu iye komnye. Inkokeli Business uyakwazi ukutshintsha ulwazi, kunye neemvakalelo - zeshishini kwaye njalo njalo. E. Hartley wachaza ezinye regularities uphawu zobunkokheli isimo:

1. Ukuba umntu wakhokela iqela kule meko efanayo, ngokuzenzekelayo kwenyusa amathuba okuba abe yinkokeli kwenye.
2. Ukuba umntu abonise ngayo iimpawu zobunkokeli wathola ukuthembeka eseleyo, ngoko ukuze emva koko ube yinkokeli kunye nokubethelela izikhundla ayo aphambili.
3. Imbono amaqela ezisekelwe iingcinga. Ukuba umntu ube yinkokeli kwimeko enye, ngoko ke uya bangaliboni hlobo kwenye.
4. Ukuze ube yinkokeli, kufuneka ukuba loo mnqweno ngaphakathi.

theory zepolitiki

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, kukho zonke iingcamango ezintsha yobunkokheli. Omnye wabo watyhala wabaseki Marxism. Bamcebisa ukuba lo mba kufuneka zichazwe ngokwemigaqo ingxabano eklasini. Xa ukuqonda kwabo inkokeli yezopolitiko - a isalathi abanezakhono, ifane kwaye abazi izinto kwiklasi ethile, okubamba ngokunxulumene iqela ngemvo inkonzo, indima abangabancedani. bempilo ngokweMarxist sele bakhe bazama ukubonisa ukuba imbali yenziwa ngabantu, kodwa iintshukumisa zabo zisekelwe phezu kwicandelo lezoqoqosho ubomi yoluntu. Ngoko ke, lo ingqiqo kobunkokeli bezopolitiko ithathe indima okuvelelayo ngamnye uqhagamshelwano olusondeleyo kunye nemisebenzi kwamaqela asekuhlaleni. Xa ngamaxesha awohlukeneyo Ngokwembali inkokeli ukuze iimfuno ezahlukeneyo.

theory Freud kaThixo

concepts yanamhlanje lobunkokeli baphantsi isiseko eyahlukileyo, maxa wambi entsonkothileyo kakhulu engqondweni. Umzekelo, uSigmund Freud ecetywayo umbono eyodwa "neempawu kunye nasengqondweni." Umhlalutyi ithi abanye abantu bafuna ukhokelo kuba uzama ukuba abuyekeze evela elivisayo okanye ebuntwaneni kwabuya ezintsonkothileyo. Ngoko ke isikhundla okhoyo phezu kwezinye loo mntu unako ukubonisa iindlela neenqobo ukuba yoko le nezifo, clinical manic kunye nezinye ezinxaxhileyo nengqondo.

charisma eliyimfihlakalo

Enye iingcamango ezininzi umdla na ingqikelelo yobunkokheli akuyo. Oku kusekelwe kwinto yokuba abanye abantu afakwa ngaphezu kwetalente ukulawula abanye abantu. Ukususela igama lesiGrike elithi 'charisma "liguqulelwe njengoko bebaninzi abenzelwa isisa, sisipho esivela kuThixo. Ngoko ke, umgangatho ezizodwa ebusweni avela ngasentla, ukukwazi ukubenza abantu ngokuzenzekelayo ayawuphakamisa umntu obalaseleyo ngaphezu kwabo bonke abanye. Ingcamango zobunkokheli akuyo ithetha ukuba inkokeli yeqela le ngumfuziselo zicacileyo uluntu lwamaxabiso ukuba ubeka ngaphezulu izilangazelelo zobuqu. Ubudlelwane kunye nentloko ngokusekelwe ayobe engenasiphelo kunye nokuthembeka kwayo. Imisebenzi yamaqela, inkokheli akuyo odityanisiweyo, kuxhomekeke ngqo kwi nobuntu yinkokeli. Ngaphandle kwalo, lo mbutho iba phantse kakuhle.

ubunkokheli attributive

Le nto iphuma into yokuba inkokeli kufuneka bakwazi ukuhlalutya ukuziphatha abangaphantsi kunye ukuqikelela abasabela ngayo kwimeko ethile. Xa zesiqhelo inkokeli ishishini isoloko ikhangela impendulo umbuzo malunga ngezizathu zokuziphatha kwabasebenzi. In search yayo, livela amacandelo amathathu:

1. Personality.
2. Umsebenzi Umsebenzi kanye.
3. Iimeko kunye nokusingqongileyo bombutho.

Ngoko ke, inkokeli ufuna ukufumanisa unobangela nomsebenzi ombi abasebenzi ilungelo lokuba aphendule meko. Kulo mzekelo, ubunkokheli intsebenziswano eqhubekayo phakathi abaziintloko kunye nabasebenzi eziqhelekileyo. Ukusebenza kwamanyathelo athathiweyo ukuphucula inkokheli yokusebenza, kumiselwa indlela kubo ize.

indlela zoguquguqulo

Inkokeli loHlaziyo lifuna ukukhuthaza abalandeli ngokuvusa ulwazi lwabo. Oku kuphucula izinga lemfundo abasebenzi, kudala umoya ithemba kweli qela, inceda abantu bafunde ukudibanisa indlela izilangazelelo zobuqu kunye noluntu. Le modeli luthatha kobunkokheli abangaphantsi inxaxheba kwiqela yolawulo. Bona musa ayilandele umqeshi, afune ukuba bahlole ngokwanelisayo ukuziphatha kwakhe. Ingcamango zobunkokheli zoguquguqulo isekelwe kwi indlela ebubuchule: inkokeli gqolo ukufumana intlonipho kunye intembeko yabalandeli, nguyena ngowokuqala phakathi lokulinganisa.

Oosonzululwazi iimpendulo ezahlukileyo umbuzo malunga yintoni ubunkokheli. ingqiqo Ubunkokheli ukuyityhila le meko ezivela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo iimbono. Hlola iintsingiselo eziphambili malunga noku iya kuba 'umdla yaye iluncedo kubantu bonke.