Biography kunye nemisebenzi kaSyvia Plat

Ubomi obufutshane kunye obuqaqambileyo besibongozi uSylvia Plat uye wavuselela iingqondo zoluntu iminyaka engama-50. Ukukhutshwa kwakhe, kukhunjulwa kwaye kuhlonishwa. Nangona ifa lakhe limbalwa nje iqoqo leenkondlo kunye nenombolo enye, iincwadi eziliqela ezili-12 zibhalwa malunga nomsebenzi wakhe nobomi, kwanokuba ifilimu idutshulwa.

Kwiminyaka yokuqala

Umlobi wexesha elizayo wazalwa ngo-Oktobha 27, 1932. Ubuntwana bukaSylvia Plat wadlula ngaphantsi komqondiso wokubonga nokuzinikela kuyise. Wayengumfundisi kwiYunivesithi yaseBoston, umphandi owaziwayo wezinyosi, umfuduki waseJamani kunye nomntu onamandla kakhulu. Intombazana yayingaphantsi kwefuthe layo elinamandla, yamjonga njengoThixo. Umama uSylvia wayemncinci kunomyeni wakhe, wavela e-Austria waza wasebenza njengomfundisi wesiJamani kwisikolo saseBrooklyn.

Ubaba wayesebenza kanzima, umama wayehlala emntakwabo kaSylvia, owayegula kakhulu, kwaye intombazana yayininzi ixesha elinikwa lona. Wayephupha ngokugqithiseleyo ukufanelwe uthando lukayise waza wafumana indlela yodwa yokwenza - ukufunda "ngokugqibeleleyo". Xa wayeneminyaka eyisibhozo ubudala, uyise wafa. Wayephethwe yisifo sikashukela, kodwa waqiniseka ukuba yena, njengomhlobo wakhe, unomhlaza kwisigaba sokugqibela, ngoko ke akazange adibane nodokotela. Xa i-gangrene yayifaka umlenze wakhe, umfazi wakhe wagxininisa ekwenzeni unyango, kodwa inkqubo yokuhlinzwa yayiphumelelanga, kwaye u-Otto Plat wafa. Kuba uSylvia kwakuyixhalabisayo kakhulu, wafumana le ntlungiso iminyaka emininzi, esithi wayelahlekelwe ithuba lokuthetha noThixo. Umxholo wokulahleka uza kuba obalulekileyo kuClat, ngo-1962 uya kubhala inkondlo ethi "Ubaba", apho athetha uyise ukuba awushiye.

Iminyaka yesikolo

Emva kokufa komyeni wakhe, u-Aurelia Plat wanyanzelwa ukuba asebenze nzima, akazange abe nolwalamano nentombi yakhe, kamva uSylvia wayeza kuthi wayemthiyile unyoko. Intsapho yathuthela eWellesley, kwaye intombazana iya esikolweni sikaBradford, apho yayingumfundi ongcono kakhulu iminyaka. Wabonisa impumelelo ebalulekileyo kwiilwimi zesiNgesi, ngokukodwa waphumelela kwizikhundla zokudala, kwaye wayenguye umhleli wephephandaba lesikolo.

Ukususela esemntwaneni, intombazana yabonisa italenta yokubhala, eneminyaka eyi-8 ubudala, imbongo yokuqala nguSylvia Plath yapapashwa kwiphephandaba. Ukususela kwiminyaka eyi-11 wayebhalela amabali aze abathumele kumaphephancwadi ase-US. Ekupheleni kwesikolo sele sele ebhala ngamabali amathandathu, a-9 awo apapashwa. Ukongezelela, le ntombazana yamnika ithemba lokupenda, wada wazuza umvuzo kwiintambo zemidlalo. Ukususela kwiminyaka eyi-12 ugcine idayari, ukurekhoda iingcamango zakhe kunye neziganeko zobomi.

Ukufunda kwiikholeji

Ekupheleni kwesikolo, uSylvia Plat wakwazi ukufumana i-scholarship ukufundisisa kwi-Smith College yaseMassachusetts ehloniphekileyo. Wayevuya, enethemba lokuba utshintsho olutyisayo, kodwa ekholeji wayesekufuneka abe noxinzelelo lwendalo, engafuni ukunyamezela italente yakhe engavamile. Iidayari zakhe zeli xesha zibonisa ukuba kule minyaka, uSylvia wafumana ukuphakanyiswa okukhulu kokudala, unemixholo emininzi yemibongo kunye namabali, ukucinga okuningi, izicwangciso zekamva.

Ubunono bokuLungisa ngeli xesha luchazwe ngokuvumelana, umfanekiso. Ngalesi sikhathi usebenza kanzima kwiinkqubo zobuncwane, ezama ukudala itekisi epheleleyo. Ukususela ngo-1950, uhlala epapasha amanqaku, amabali amfutshane kunye neengoma kwiimagazini zephondo kunye namaphephandaba. Ngelo xesha wafunda ngokucokisekileyo, ukususela ngomnyaka wesibini bonke abaprojekthi bavuyiswa nguye. U-Sylvia ufumana i-scholarship, kwaye uyaphumelela ukhuphiswano lwe-Mademoiselle kumagazini we-internship eNew York. Wasebenza njengomthunywa we-freelance, kwaye iziganeko zalo nyanga ziza kudala isiseko sencwadana yakhe "Ngaphansi kwe-Glass Hood".

Ukugqithiswa kwamanzi kunye nomzamo wokuqala wokuzibulala

Nangona i-internship yaphumelela, u-Sylvia wabuya esuka eNew York kwindawo ephukileyo. Uwela kwingcinezelo, ulahlekelwe ukukwazi ukubhala kwaye uzive engekho nto. Konke oku kwagqitywa kukuba wayenqatshelwe ithuba lokuthatha ikhosi ehlobo laseHarvard, kwaye wayengenayo i-scholarship eyaneleyo yokufundisisa kwi-College College, kwaye waphoqeleka ukuba atshintshele kwikholeji ehloniphekileyo e-Lawrence. Yonke le nto yayikhathele uSyvia. Iimpawu zakhe zobuqu kunye neengqondo zazingenjalo ukuba wayekwazi ukuzenza nje ukuba abe ngumsindo. Wayechaza ngokucacileyo iziganeko zobomi ukuze zonke ziphenduke zibe yintlekele.

Ihlobo le-1953 liya kuthiwa lichazwe kwincwadana kaSyvia, apho aya kuthiwa akakwazi ukucinga, ukubhala, ukuthetha nabantu. Ngo-Agasti 24, wenza umzamo wokuzibulala. Uguqula iipilisi zokulala, kodwa ulahlekelwa ingqalelo kwaye akanalo ixesha lokugqiba oko waqala. Uhlangulwa kwaye uthunyelwe kwiklinikhi yengqondo. Ukubuyiselwa kukaSylvia Plat kuthatha unyaka wonke. Wayephethwe ngonyango oluxakekileyo lwe-electrohock, kwaye entwasahlobo ka-1954 wabuyela kwifomu efanelekileyo kwaye wagqiba nokubuyela esikolweni. Uyakwazi ukuzalisekisa iphupha lakhe kwaye ahambe kwiklasi yasehlobo eHarvard. Ngaloo nyaka ufumana umngane kumntu kaRichard Sassoon.

Cambridge

Ukugqiba izifundo zakhe kwikholeji, uSylvia ubhala ingqungquthela ephawulekayo ngokuguqa kumsebenzi kaDostoevsky. Lo msebenzi wawuxabiseke kakhulu, kwaye ufumana ithuba lokuqhubela phambili izifundo zakhe eCambridge. Iyunivesithi yenza into enhle kakhulu kwintombazana, ifunda ngokuzonwabisa, izifundo kwi-studio yezemidlalo. Ubona buhlungu kakhulu imozulu - ukusuka kwimozulu yeNgesi ugule kakhulu, okwehlisa amandla akhe. Ngalesi sikhathi, ulindele ukubethelwa - uRichard Sassoon, owayesichitha ikhefu lothando eParis, wanquma ukuphula ubudlelwane naye. USylvia uyakhathazeka kakhulu, kodwa umsebenzi wakhe uyagcinwa: ubhala ezininzi zeengqungquthela, upapasha amanqaku, amabali. USylvia Plath, iincwadi zakhe kwixesha elizayo ulindele udumo lwehlabathi, wayehlala eziva engathandabuzeki kuye nangomsebenzi wakhe, oku kuye kwabangela ukutshintsha kwimeko yakhe.

Ubomi bentsapho

Ngobusika ka-1956 wadibana nombongi omncinci uTed Hughes, lo mbhangqwana wasondelana kakhulu, ababhali babenokufana kakhulu, konke oku kwaholela ekuthandeni. Kwaye ehlobo, abantu abatsha bayatshata, bachithe ihlobo e-Spain, babuyele eCambridge. USylvia ngeli xesha akafundi nje kuphela, kodwa, eneneni, unobhala womyeni wakhe. Uyamnceda ukuba ashicilele incwadi kwaye athole umvuzo wokuqala kumncintiswano weziko leNdlela zeNew York.

Ngaphantsi kwempembelelo yendoda yakhe yakha imbongo yokuqala yaseSyvia Plat, imisebenzi yayo ifumana ifomu entsha kunye nepheleleyo. Emva kokugqiba, isi sibini sifikela e-US, apho uSylvia esebenza njengotitshala. Lo msebenzi wawuphelile kwaye wamthintela ukwenza umsebenzi wokudala.

Ngowe-1959, lo mbini wabuyela eBrithani ngenxa yokuba uSylvia wakhulelwa, kwaye uHughes wayefuna ukuba umntwana azalwe kwilizwe looyise. Ixesha elingathandabuzekiyo lokuba ngumfazi-ukukhulelwa - kunzima ukuba ubudlelwane obunzima kunye nosapho lwendoda yakhe, ngakumbi kunye nodadewabo.

Ngo-1960, u-Sylvia wazala intombi, ngexesha elifanayo watyikitya isivumelwano sokushicilela incwadi yeebongozo zeColossus kunye nezinye iiNgqungquthela. Ixesha lokudala lalingekho, kwaye uPlat wayekhathazekile kakhulu ngale nto. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-1961 wayakha isingqisho esitsha sokuphila, ngoku ubhala ekuseni kakhulu, ngelixa wonke umntu elele, kwaye uhanjelwe ngethuba lokudala elidityanisayo - ubhala lonke uluhlu lwembongo kunye namabali.

WaseRoma

Ekupheleni kuka-1961, u-Sylvia wathola isibonelelo sokubhalwa kwencwadana yokuqala. Usebenza kule ncwadi ngeentsuku ezingama-70. Ngoko ihlabathi lafumana i-novelist evelele egama linguSylvia Plat. "Ngaphantsi kweglasi yeglasi" - inoveli eya kuba yinkolo, kodwa emva kokufa kombhali. Incwadi iphuma ngaphantsi kwegama elingenanto, ngenxa yokuba yayininzi ye-autobiographical. Incwadana iya kuba yinto engumlomo wobufazi, incwadi iya kubhala kwakhona, ifundwe iphinde ifundwe kwakhona. Kodwa u-Sylvia wayengenakuphila ukuze abone le ntambo.

I siphelo esibuhlungu

Ekwindla ka-1962, umbongi, owafunda ngokungcatsha kwendoda yakhe, ubeka umtshato kwaye uhlala yedwa kunye nabantwana ababini endlwini ebandayo. Iindinyana zikaSylvia Plat zeli xesha lidlulisa amava anqineleyo yowesifazane, uhlushwa ngumngcatsha wakhe. Phantse enye iya kubhala imibongo engama-26 eya kuhlanganiswa kwiqoqo leposi "Ariel".

I-psychic ayikwazi ukumelana nokuxhatshazwa, kwaye ngoFebhuwari 11, 1963, iphelile, iphule ipilisi yokulala kwaye ityhefu ngegesi. Esi senzo sabangela umphumo kaSylvia Plath: abaninzi abasetyhini bazama ukuzibulala, ngokukodwa, inkosikazi kaTed Hughes, owatshata naye emva kukaSylvia, wazibulala ngendlela efanayo.

Ilifa lokudala likaSylvia Plat

Emva kweminyaka engama-30 kuphela, uSylvia washiya ilifa elincinci kodwa elibalulekileyo. Incwadi yakhe kunye needariyari zasinda ngaphaya kweyodwa. Kuludwe lwababhali be-USA, uSilvia Plat akayena wokugqibela. "Indawo yasebusika kunye nama-rook", "Ubaba", "iMangcwaba kaNovemba", "Ukunyamekela kwangaphambili" kunye nezinye izibongo zenza iziqheno zeencwadi zaseMelika kuze kube namhlanje. USylvia Plat (FB2, TXT, PDF-ifom apho unokukhuphela khona iincwadi zakhe) awaziwa kakuhle eRussia, kodwa ngaphezu kweminyaka edume ngayo ukuthandwa kwelizwe lethu.