Biography kunye nemisebenzi Glinka (ngokufutshane). imisebenzi Glinka kaThixo

Ubuchule M. I. Glinki kwaphawula kwisigaba esitsha yembali nokuphuhliswa kwenkcubeko zomculo - Classic. Wakwazi ukudibanisa iintsingiselo best yaseYurophu kunye nezithethe zesizwe. Ingqalelo kufuneka banikwe zonke nobuciko Glinka. Zishwankathelwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo zonke iintlobo apho wasebenza nangokuvakalayo. Okokuqala, kwaba opera yakhe. Baye yaduma enkulu enyanisweni ukuvelisa iziganeko yobuqhawe kule minyaka idlulileyo. iingoma zakhe zizele ubuhule kakhulu nobuhle. imisebenzi Symphonic ekwandeni kakhulu ebukekayo. I ingoma yesintu Glinka avule umthombo ungaphelelwayo kwimibongo wadala buciko lwentando yesininzi lwesizwe ngokwenene.

Ubuchule kunye biography of Glinka. Esakhula

Wazalwa May 20, 1804. Wachitha ebuntwaneni yakhe kwilali Novospassky. okuvelayo Bright kwaye kukhunjulwa ebomini baba iintsomi kunye iingoma umongikazi Avdotya Ivanovna. Soloko ezitsalwa isandi iintsimbi yayo ngokukhawuleza waqalisa ukuxelisa kwi nezitya zobhedu. Kungekudala waqalisa ukufunda yaye ba- nxanelwe ulwazi ngemvelo. Kakuhle kuchaphazela kufundwa ushicilelo endala "kuhambo ngokubanzi." Yamenza umdla omkhulu kundwendwelo, ukuma, umzobo kunye nomculo. Ngaphambi kokungena ibhodi amanene wenza izifundo kwi ipiyano kunye ngokukhawuleza waphumelela kulo mbandela enzima.

Ebusika ka-1817 koko wathunyelwa kwisikolo sokubhoda eSt Petersburg, apho wachitha iminyaka emine. Wafunda kwi Bema and Field kaThixo. Ubomi Works mayongezwe ngokuphindaphindeneyo ngokuthi Glinka kwixesha ukususela 1823 ukuya 1830 babexakekile kakhulu. Ukususela 1824 batyelela eCaucasus, apho wakhonza de 1828 Assistant UNobhala of Communications. Ukususela 1819 ukuya 1828 ukuba umane utyelela lweenkobe Novospasskoye. Emva kokuba ukwazi abahlobo abatsha eSt Petersburg (Yushkov kunye D. Demidov). Ngeli xesha, udala iingoma yakhe yokuqala. Zezi:

• Elegy "Musa ukulinga kum," ngamazwi Baratynsky.
• "Singer Poor 'kumazwi Zhukovsky.
• "Ndiyakuthanda, namana nisithi kum," yaye "Mangeni kum krakra," amazwi Korsak.

Wabhala iziqwenga nepiyano, wenza umzamo wokuqala ukubhala opera "A Ubomi kuba Tsar".

uhambo lokuqala phesheya

Ngowe-1830 waya eItali, wayesendleleni eya eJamani. Yaba uhambo lwakhe lokuqala aphesheya. Waya apha, ukuphucula impilo yabo onwabele engqongileyo indalo lizwe unexplored. Amava ngenxa wamnika izinto ngenxa imiboniso oriental of the opera "Ruslan kunye Lyudmila". E Italy ke phambi-1833, ubukhulu becala eMilan.

Ubomi Works mayongezwe ngokuphindaphindeneyo ngokuthi Glinka kweli lizwe kuphuma ngempumelelo, ngokulula yaye ngokwemvelo. Nantsi wakowabo kunye ngumzobi K. Bryullov, Moscow Profesa S. Shevyryaevym. Abaqambi - kunye Donizetti, Mendelssohn, Berlioz kunye nabanye. Milan une Rikkordi wapapasha ezinye imisebenzi yakhe.

Ngowe-1831-1832 uqamba serenades ababini, inani iingoma, cavatina Italian, bexubene kwi iqhosha E Flat Major. Kwizangqa ahlukile wayesaziwa ngokuba Maestro innuendo.

NgoJulayi 1833 waya eVienna, uze echitha malunga neenyanga ezintandathu eBerlin. Apha yacebisa ulwazi lwabo lobugcisa kunye contrapuntist odumileyo Z. Dehn. Kamva, phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe, wabhala: "Russian Symphony". Ngeli xesha, umqambi italente kuphuhliswa. Glinka ubuqambi iba ngakumbi simahla kwimpembelelo komnye, kuko oko ubonelela abazi ngakumbi. In "Memoirs 'yakhe uyavuma, lazi lonke eli xesha ke wayefuna indlela yakhe kunye nendlela. Ulangazelela ekhaya, cinga ukuba ubhale Russian.

Amazing

Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1834 Michael uyafika Novospasskoye. Wacinga phesheya ukuya, kodwa ugqiba ukuba bahlale kwilizwe labo lokuzalwa. Ngehlobo lowe-1834 wathumela eMoscow. Yena idibana apha kunye Melgunov kwaye ibuyisela ukuqhelana endala ngezangqa zomculo noncwadi. Phakathi kwabo Aksakov Verstovsky, Pogodin, Shevyrev. Glinka wagqiba ukwenza Russian opera yesizwe. Wayichola opera romantic "Marina Grove" (Zhukovsky ngesakhiwo). isicwangciso Umqambi likaThixo zange iphunyezwe, ulwandlalo asifikeleli thina.

Ekwindla ka-1834 efika e St. Petersburg, apho waya iiklabhu ngoncwadi amateurish. Zhukovsky kanye yamnyanzela ukuba athathe ibali "Ivan Susanin". Ngeli xesha, kokuqamba iingoma ezinjalo, "Musa bawabize ezulwini," "Musa ukuthi, uthando luya kudlula," "Kuphela bendikwazi wena," "Mna ndilapha Inesilla". Kubomi bakhe kwenzeka isiganeko enkulu - umtshato. Kwangaxeshanye waba nomdla ebhaliweyo opera Russian. ngamava nempembelelo umsebenzi Glinka, ingakumbi umculo opera zakhe. Ekuqaleni, umqambi wayezimisele ukuba ukubhala cantata eyakhiwa lwemizobo ezintathu. Okokuqala kubizwa ngokuba umboniso lwasemaPhandleni, okwesibini - eyesithathu Polish - grand kwasekuqaleni. Kodwa phantsi kwempembelelo Zhukovsky wazimisa opera ephawulekayo eziquka izinto ezintlanu.

Le iphambili "Ubomi kuba Tsar" wathabatha indawo Novemba 27, 1836 W. Odoyevski wakwazisa oko. UMlawuli Nicholas ndamnika Glinka umsesane kuba 4000 engange. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva wammisa ukuba abe bandmaster. Ngowe-1839, ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela Glinka ibhatyi. Ngeli xesha, sityhalela phambili umsebenzi echumayo. Glinka Mihail Ivanovich wabhala kokwakhiwa ilandelayo: "imikhosi Night", "North Star", omnye engqondo "Ivan Susanin". is he taken njenge opera omtsha ezisekelwe kwibali "Ruslan kunye Ludmila" kwi iingcebiso Shakhovsky. NgoNovemba 1839, yena umtshato nomfazi wakhe. Ngexesha kubomi "umzalwana" (1839-1841) kudale iinkqubo iingoma. Opera "Ruslan and Lyudmila" yaba sisiganeko elide ilindelwe, amatikiti kwathengiswa ngaphandle kwangaphambili. Kokuba kuboniswe senzeka 27.11.1842 ngonyaka. Impumelelo lalingafani. Emva kokuba izimvo 53 opera bayeka abulawe. Umqambi wagqiba ukuba indalo yakhe phantsi, kwaye oko uza bengenamdla. Glinka yendalo wamiswa kangangonyaka.

Ukuhambela kumazwe akude

Ngehlobo lowe-1843 ehamba nge eJamani eParis, apho wahlala de entwasahlobo ka-1844.

Hlaziya abazana ubudala, abahlobo kunye Berlioz. Glinka wachukunyiswa imisebenzi yakhe. Uyafunda inkqubo yakhe isebenza. E Paris, oluyigcinayo kobuhlobo kunye Merimee, Hertz, Châteauneuf kunye namanye amagcisa ezininzi nababhali. Wandula ke waya eSpeyin, apho iminyaka emibini. Waye e eAndalusia, Granada, Valladolid, Madrid, Pamplona, Segovia. Eloba "naseAragon Hoth." Apha uthatha ikhefu kwiingxaki ngokucinezelwa St. Petersburg. UMikhail Ivanovich Ukubethwa ngeenxa eSpeyin, eziqokelelwe iingoma iintsomi nemidaniso, uzibhale phantsi encwadini. Abanye babo yenza isiseko kwimveliso "Night e Madrid". Ukususela oonobumba Glinka iba kucacile ukuba Spain uphumle intliziyo umphefumlo, apho aphambukele kakuhle kakhulu.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

NgoJulayi 1847, wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe. Uhlala ixesha elithile Novospasskoe. Mihaila Glinki ubuchule kweli xesha, unamandla ahlaziyiweyo. Wabhala iziqwenga ipiyano eziliqela, ingoma "Wena kungekudala uya kukulibala," kunye nabanye. Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1848 wathumela Warsaw baphile apha de ekwindla. Yena bhala iokhestra "Kamarinskaya", "Night e Madrid" ukuthandana. NgoNovemba 1848 efika eSt Petersburg apho abagulayo yonke ubusika.

Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1849 kwakhona uya Warsaw waza wahlala apho de ukuwa-1851. NgoJulayi kulo nyaka wayesifa, wafumana iindaba buhlungu ngokufa kukanina. NgoSeptemba, babuyela eSt Petersburg, yena uhlala udade wayo L. Shestakova. Abhale kunqabile kakhulu. NgoMeyi 1852 uya eParis kwaye apha de Meyi 1854. Ukususela 1854-1856 ubomi eSt Petersburg kunye nodadewabo. Yena uyazithanda imvumi Russian D. Leonova. Kuba eekonsathi yakhe kudala amalungiselelo. April 27, ngo1856 waya Berlin, apho lahlala ecaleni kwaDan. Yonke imihla ukuza kumtyelela, wabaqhuba iiklasi ukuba ngendlela elula. Ubuchule M. I. Glinki akwazi ukuqhubeka. Kodwa ngokuhlwa ngoJanuwari 9, 1857, wabamba ebandayo. Februwari 3 uMikhail wafa.

Yintoni ezintsha Glinka?

M. I. Glinka wadala isimbo Russian emculweni. Yena umqambi wokuqala Russian, abajoyine ngezixhobo umculo ingoma Warehouse (abahlala Russian) (oku kusebenza lwengoma, imvisiswano, isingqisho kunye counterpoint). Glinka Umqambi iquka Creation eliqaqambileyo iisampuli ngokwaneleyo isicwangciso eso. Le drama yakhe yesizwe musical "Zobomi Tsar", i-opera luzayo "Ruslan kunye Lyudmila". Njengoko umzekelo style Russian Symphonic ingabizwa "Kamarinskaya", "iNkosana Kholmsk", yakho kunye interludes ukuba opera zakhe zombini. iingoma zakhe iisampuli zobugcisa kakhulu yokuvakalisa ombambazelayo kunye ezinkulu le ngoma. Glinka kufanele kugqalwa inkosi classic ngokubaluleka yehlabathi.

imisebenzi Symphonic

Kuba okhestra yi umqambi wadala inani elincinane kweemveliso. Kodwa indima yabo ebalulekileyo kangokuba ingqalelo isiseko symphony Russian yamandulo kwimbali yomculo. Phantse wonke ngamalungu uhlobo liphupha okanye inxalenye enye yakho. "NaseAragon jota", "waltz Fantasy", "Kamarinskaya," "iNkosana Chelm" yaye "Night e Madrid" ziquka imisebenzi Symphonic yi Glinka. Umqambi siseko yophuhliso entsha wabeka.

Ezona mpawu ziphambili mnyakazo yakhe Symphonic:

• Ukuba khona.
• Umgaqo software ngokubanzi.
• imilo Unique.
• Kwenziwe ngobulumko, conciseness iifom.
• Kuxhomekeka ukukhulelwa zobugcisa lulonke.

imisebenzi Glinka kaThixo Symphonic ebonakala kakuhle P. Tchaikovsky, ukuthelekisa "Kamarinskaya" kunye oki kunye yom. Wagxininisa ukuba kule ukusebenza isikolo Russian lonke Symphonic.

lemveli Umdali Opera

"Ivan Susanin" ( "Ubomi kuba Tsar") kunye 'Ruslan kunye Ludmilla "yi Glinka up oeuvre operatic. I-opera lokuqala - umdlalo weqonga zomculo yesizwe. Oku munye ntlobo eziliqela. Okokuqala, lo opera zobugorha luzayo (zeziganeko zembali ka 1612 na kwi intliziyo sebali). Okwesibini, oko iqulethe iimpawu opera yeqhawe, imidlalo livusa nasengqondweni ongaqhelekanga kunye nomculo. Ukuba "Ivan Susanin" uqhubeka trends baseYurophu, i "Ruslan and Lyudmila" kuyinto uhlobo olutsha lwedrama - ibonwe.

Libhalwe ngo 1842. Abaphulaphuli ayikwazanga akuyixabisi, akucaci ukuba isininzi. Stasov wayengomnye abahlalutyi abambalwa owathi ukubaluleka kwalo lonke umculo inkcubeko Russian. Wagxininisa ukuba ayikho nje opera embi, uhlobo olutsha idrama, elingaziwayo ngokupheleleyo. Iimpawu ze-opera "Ruslan and Lyudmila":

• uphuhliso ngenyameko ubungqina.
• Ukungabikho zongquzulwano ngqo.
• ukuthambekela Romantic - nemizobo emibalabala.

Amaculo bothando

Glinka imisebenzi eyodwa wadala yi umqambi ubomi. Wabhala iingoma ngaphezulu kwama-70. Ziqulethe ezahlukeneyo iimvakalelo .. Love, usizi, ngokwentshukumisa ngokomoya, imincili, ukuphoxeka, njl Abanye babo kuboniswe umfanekiso ubomi kunye nendalo. Glinka phantsi zonke iintlobo romance ngemihla. Le ballad, "Russian Ingoma" misindo, Elegy. Iquka nendlu nemidaniso ezifana waltz, WEBHU kunye mazurka. Umqambi libhekisela hlobo, nto leyo luphawulwa umculo kwezinye izizwe. Barcarolle kuba Italian kunye bolero Spanish. Forms bothando ngendlela ezahlukeneyo:-inxalenye amathathu, omnye couplet elula, Rondo ezintsonkothileyo. Glinka imisebenzi eyodwa ziquka izicatshulwa iimbongi mabini. Wakwazi ukuba adlulisele iimpawu umculo ulwimi lweembongi yombhali nganye. Eyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yokubonisa iingoma ezininzi yileya omnandi umpefumlo ebanzi. ngendima enkulu edlalwa yi ipiyano inxenye. Phantse zonke iingoma iyeza, ebiqaliswe kokusingqongileyo intshukumo uze usete meko. bazi kakhulu ukuthandana enjalo Glinka, ezifana:

• "Umnqweno ngumlilo egazini."
• "Skylark".
• "Le ngoma liyadlula."
• "Bakuthandabuze."
• "Ndikhumbula umzuzu emangalisayo."
• "Musa kumlinga kum."
• "Uza kukulibala mna kamsinya."
• "Musa ukuba ibuhlungu intliziyo."
• "Musa kucula, ubuhle bam, kunye nam."
• "Recognition".
• "Night ekundleni".
• "Ukukhumbula".
• "Ukuze kuye."
• "Mna apha Inesilla".
• "Owu, nguwe kobusuku, The Night".
• "Xa mzuzu ubomi nzima."

Chamber ubuchule instrumental Glinka (ngokufutshane)

Umzekelo phambili lomculo instrumental ngumsebenzi ndoqo ipiyano kunye string quintet Glinka. Le divertissement elimangalisayo esekelwe opera yayingeyiyo Bellini kaThixo "La Sonnambula". izicwangciso ezintsha neenjongo ezibonakaliswe ensembles ezimbini kwigumbi: "Grand bexubene" yaye "Trio Pathetique". Nangona kula isebenza ingqiqo ekuxhomekekeni ngokwesithethe Italian, abasakwazi eyahlu- yokuqala. Xa "bexubene" kukho thematism isiqabu osisityebi uncuthu lwengoma, uhlobo slim. Oku lomculo uhlobo ekonsathini. Kulo msebenzi, Glinka wazama ukudlulisela ubuhle ezisemaphandleni Italian. "Trio" - ephambene ngqo lomculo yokuqala. isimilo sakhe likhangeleka limfiliba, wakhathazeka.

Chamber umculo Glinka safuma yaba nkulu ukwenza violinists, pianists, viola, abantu. ensembles Imbumba umdla abaphulaphuli ubunzulu engaqhelekanga zeengcinga zomculo, iindidi kwesingqisho-ifomula, revalina umoya emnandi.

isiphelo

ubuchule Musical Glinka idibanisa iintsingiselo best yaseYurophu kunye nezithethe zesizwe. Igama umqambi ezinxulumene ne kwisigaba entsha kwimbali kuphuhliso lobugcisa zomculo, leyo ibizwa ngokuba "Classic". ubuchule Glinka bugubungela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo eziye indawo yazo kwimbali umculo Russian kwaye ufanelwe ingqalelo abafundi kunye nabaphandi. Ngalinye opera zakhe ivula uhlobo entsha idrama. "Ivan Susanin" - umdlalo zomculo yelizwe ngokudibanisa iinkalo ezahlukeneyo. "Ruslan and Lyudmila" - intsomi opera uyindumasi ngaphandle iingxabano ngokucacileyo. Uqala ngokucotha cwaka. Kuyinto brilliance semvelo kunye nomfanekiso. opera zakhe umzuzile ukubaluleka enkulu enyanisweni ukuvelisa iziganeko yobuqhawe kule minyaka idlulileyo. imisebenzi Symphonic bit ebhaliweyo. Noko ke, abazange bakwazi nje ukukholisa abaphulaphuli, kodwa ube asethi lokwenene isiseko symphony Russian, njengoko sizalwa kakhulu ebukekayo.

imisebenzi nomculo umqambi unamalunga 70 imisebenzi. Bonke Inomtsalane kwaye emnandi. Ziqulethe iindidi iimvakalelo, iimvakalelo kunye tindlela. Bazele ubuhle okhethekileyo. Umqambi libhekisela neentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela. Malunga nemisebenzi egumbini-negalelo, nobona ezinqabileyo. Nangona kunjalo, indima yabo akukho kubalulekile. Bona bajoyine iintlobo abenza iisampuli ezintsha befanelekile.