Base emali

Cash engaphandle inkqubo beebhanki, kwakunye oovimba kwiibhanki zorhwebo, apho igcinwa kwi abaluqilima Central, ebizwa isiseko malini.

Cash - yinxalenye ngqo ubonelelo ngemali kunye noovimba zebhanki kuchaphazela ukukwazi nganye iibhanki kudala iidipozithi ezintsha, ngaleyo ndlela kwande ubonelelo ngemali. I-Central Bank uyakwazi ukulawula unikezelo imali ikakhulu ngenxa yempembelelo kwisiseko malini. lutshintsho enawo imali yonikezelo effect wokuphindaphinda.

Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo yotshintsho unikezelo imali zingahlulwa zibe ngamanqanaba amabini:

1. Ekuqaleni, isiseko wemali eguqulwe ngokwenza utshintsho ngemimiselo Central Bank ukuya neebhanki kunye nenkqubo labemi (ifuthe ubungakanani koovimba cash).
2. Ukutshintsha olunye ubonelelo ngemali ngokusebenzisa inkqubo wokuphindaphinda phakathi kwiibhanki zorhwebo. Noseko emali lingabali into efanele izixhobo umgaqo wolawulo-mali.

Kuba iinkqubo yemali banamhlanje ebalasele kwenziwa ngokunemfezeko kwemisebenzi zabo kuphela xa inkxaso-mali ngokupheleleyo imali ejikelezayo (ehambelana neemfuno zoqoqosho). A kugqiba kwinqanaba kwaye ulawula ukukhululwa imali ejikelezayo Central Bank.

Ukuze wenze oku, sebenzisa neziphawuli akhuphe ubonelelo ngemali:

1. Imali - kuyo yonke imali loqoqosho lwesizwe, leyo ke kwegazi, zombini iintlobo imali ikheshi. umthamo yayo iphenjelelwa yimiba ezininzi: nomthamo GDP kwaye isantya sokukhula koqoqosho, ukuba isakhiwo yemarike yezezimali ngetyala kunye nenkqubo nolwaluso inqanaba yazo yophuhliso, umlinganiselo non-cash and cash ejikelezayo imali, umgaqo wolawulo-mali, umgaqo wolawulo- kweli lizwe, izinga lelo kheli imali, ibhalansi kuzwelonke lwentlawulo kunye like.
2. Isiseko wemali - umlinganiselo-nkqubo wemali karhulumente, apho kusetyenziswa ukubala i-supply imali. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, kwabakho ebizwa ngokuba "umgangatho ngegolide" - kukuqinisekisa yonke imali kwilizwe legolide. Emva koko, lo isiseko mali wayelingana umthamo koovimba zegolide.
   Ngoku urhulumente wayeka ukunika iimali zazo ngegolide, yaqalisa ingqiqo ngetyala yegolide eyake. "Base Monetary" iingqiqo watshintsha kunye nexabiso ngokwayo. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe ngentla apha, izixhobo zibandakanyiwe kule stock ndingekawuboni zisetyenziswe kwiibhanki zorhwebo njengomthombo imali eyongezelelweyo unyango. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, iincwadi yezoqoqosho lwasentshona zibhekisa mali ezakha CB base emali, - "imali amandla phezulu".

Yintoni indima ubonelelo ngemali ubuvuvu wemali kwintlangano kwemali ejikeleza kweli lizwe?

Kuyinto elula ukuba siqwalasele lo mbuzo, angumfuziselo Central Bank balance sheet. Koovimba amanqaku kwiibhanki zorhwebo, ezithi zigcinwe kwi-Central Bank, isiseko emali phezulu kwaye, enyanisweni, amatyala ngemali ye-Central Bank, ke ngoko, ziboniswe namatyala ayo. Ngelo xesha linye ke resource CB.

distribution of resources kuboniswe ye-asethi. Okukodwa imicimbi yayo asset yenziwe ngohlobo lokuba lisebenza nombolekisi kuphela neebhanki zorhwebo kunye norhulumente karhulumente. Xa Central Bank ikhupha ezi kubaboleki, le mboleko, ngokukodwa mboleko kuqoqosho.

Umthamo kwemali ejikeleza ngaphandle kumazwe aphuhlileyo lincinane kakhulu kwaye ekhulwini xa kuthelekiswa netotali ubonelelo ngemali ezimbalwa kuphela, kodwa kumanqaku isiseko wemali abakhulu ubunzima ethile yaye, ke ngoko, kumazwe amaninzi umthombo engundoqo kwemithombo Central Bank.

Reserve Bank yahlulahlulwe kwintsalela yaye oko kusisinyanzelo. reserve olugunyazisiweyo kwiibhanki zorhwebo ubambe Central Bank xa isicelo saso, kunye excess ngokwakho. Kodwa abo kunye nabanye nawo njengesakhi esibalulekileyo wenqwelwana malini.