Arkhip Kuindzhi: biography kunye nemisebenzi

Kuyinto ukuzingisa emangalisayo umngqibi boy-Greek ngubani nxamnye nazo zonke iinzima baba ikratshi yokudweba Russian. biography emfutshane Kuindzhi ibonisa italente enkulu, ukuzinikela kunye Umphefumlo onesisa ngomzobi enkulu.

Esakhula

Surprise sele nkcukacha loo nto Ukuseta umhla wokuzalwa Kuindzhi. Biography iqala ukuhla - nokuba 1841, okanye 1842. Akukhathaliseki, kodwa akuqhelekanga. Ngendlela efanayo engaqhelekanga kuchaphazela inguqulelo igama lakhe, nto leyo kwakuthetha umnyibilikisi, kuyo yonke imisebenzi yakhe wayengumzobi. Arkhip yintandane ekuqaleni. Wakhulela izalamane amahlwempu. Ukufundisisa ngaphandle ukukhuthala, wabuye wasebenzisa zonke imvuthuluka lwephepha, weza isandla.

Indlala nobuhlwempu wamnyamezela ukuba ukondla amarhanisi, olubalelwa umsebenzi yezitena unobhala, kwaye ngoko ke isonka merchant. Kodwa kwakukho unxano ukuze yepeyinti, okwamenza Feodosia. Kuindzhi oneminyaka eli-14 ubudala, ogama engobomi kuyaqala nje, wayefuna ukuba abe ngumfundi le I. elikhulu K. Ayvazovskogo. Kodwa akuzange - waphathiswa kuphela nibusile Ipeyinti ulipeyinte ucingo. Wabuyela ekhayeni lakhe waza waba Mariupol retoucher - hayi ukupeyinta, kodwa into efanayo. Ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka 24, wakhawuleza kunxweme Sea Black, ukusebenza yonke efanayo.

Petersburg

Akukho namnye elindele ngezandla ezishushu Kuindzhi Academy of Arts. Biography eSt Petersburg waqalisa kunye kwempumelelo ukuba ndifunde ubugcisa eliphezulu. Kuyinto nje bamkelwe the Academy. Kodwa ke kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, wayepeyinta umfanekiso kuboniswa kwakhona Academy kumboniso. Apha ke ekugqibeleni kwaqatshelwa, yena wawongwa isihloko igcisa simahla, wada wamkelwa yoviwo kwi elithile. Siye safumana idiploma Kuindzhi ibhayografi natyetyiswa nolwazi ngabelusi. Ngowe-1875 wabonisa umsebenzi wakhe 'Milky iphecana Mariupol. " Akwanelanga ukuba Kuindzhi, leyo esilishumayelayo umsebenzi ukuvuthwa ezizimeleyo. Kuyinto uphawu le abathululi ngelaphu onengqondo: a umbala ongemhle, udaka ivaleke. Yonke ephefumlelwe umxholo ubomi ithemba ebantwini, nto leyo walithanda ngabelusi. Kodwa ke waphawula kunye, bakholwayo kuwe yaye benza lokuhamba ukusuka 'Partnership "Kuindzhi, ogama engobomi nangoku ingazinzi, eshiya kumzobo ukuya emntla.

uphuhliso

Yena kudala zezwe "kwi Valaam Island", "Ladoga", leyo ukutsala ingqalelo kuluntu. Arkhip Kuindzhi, ogama biography kuyanda, Andinamali yaneleyo atshate intombi ayithandayo ixesha elide. Emva konyaka wabonisa umfanekiso okuye kwachaphazela nje kuluntu, kodwa baze baba amanye amagcisa - "ubusuku Ukrainian". It ibonakala lonke utshintsho kwimizobo, ezintsha ezingaqhelekanga ezendeleyo kuye yedwa. Ke kaloku Kuindzhi uqala ukucinga ngayo yonke into - kunye nemixholo kunye nesimbo sokubhala, ukuphuhlisa impumelelo yabo, ukufunda ngokunzulu iziphumo umbala ipeyinti kunye nezibane, besonwabela ngomdlalo wabo omhle. Ngowe-1878 at umboniso eParis, apho Kuindzhi wafika kunye nomfazi wakhe, yena nqa mboniso zoluntu French yemisebenzi yakhe. eyaziwa kakhulu olwahluke opeyintayo yakhe Russian. Kulo nyaka waqala umsebenzi apho aya kusebenza iminyaka 23 - ". Sangokuhlwa kwi Ukraine" E France, wafundela Impressionism yaye phantsi kwempembelelo yakhe kamva bhala landscapes ezintathu - ". Emva kokuba Rain" "North", "Birch Grove" yaye Kuye kudala ebilayo, ngathi kukho ithumba, imveliso ye 'Association of the abathululi "kwenzeka, yaye emva koko Kuindzhi ubhenca omnye ukupeyinta -". Moonlit Night kwi Dnieper River " Kwaba udubulo. Yiloo nto abantu abaninzi artist bazama imibala kunye ukhanyiso, leyo wenzayo sibabonelele, lifathul igumbi kwanokuqaqambisa yemizobo bakhe kunye nokukhanya. Kodwa ukungawazi of chemistry ludlale iqhinga dirty kunye imveliso - ukususela kwixesha ipeyinti ukuba mnyama, kwaye ngoku ayenzi isithombe sokuqala, kodwa entle.

Oku sele a esitsha kwisigaba kumsebenzi, igcisa ozelwe sobulumko - Arhip Ivanovich Kuindzhi. Biography isixelela nokuvakalisa bakhe ubunyani kwezinye iindlela ukulicacisa on ngelaphu. Yena ngokwakhe efuna ukuqonda ubunzulu zehlabathi eziphathekayo. Khumbula ukuba kanye nje kancinane uqeqesho, hayi baphumelela Academy of Arts Fine inkedama phantse umngqibi. Phambi kokuba nawuphi na umoya iincopho abaneetalente nenkuthalo indoda ukukhwela!

wabucala

Kwiminyaka 1881-1882 Kuindzhi ukucwangcisa imiboniso ezimbini ezingakumbi, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba "Birch Grove", Liyaduduma kakhulu phakathi abathandi ubugcisa kunye "Dnepr kusasa." Apha lo msebenzi sathathwa ngokuqaphela okukhulu. Emva koko, lo ngumzobi phantse amabini eminyaka kude kubomi boluntu. Inkcazo kude umntu odumileyo onjalo, njengomzobi Kuindji biography awukwazi ukunika. Xa bade wakhe, yena ashiye ebusweni uluntu nabagxeki.

Sebenza Alone

Kuindzhi isebenza, ukudala imibala ezitsha, nto leyo kufuneka uzinzo kwaye ukutshintsha uhlobo yabo ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye phantsi kwempembelelo umoya. Wabhala umsebenzi ngakumbi nangakumbi, ufuna olunye ulwalathiso zobugcisa. Ngowe-1886 yena wathenga umhlaba eCrimea, apho, ehlala nomfazi wakhe kunye nabafundi abasebenza Kwiinyanga ezifudumeleyo, elandela umzekelo Impressionists ngaphandle kwaye abhale "ulwandle kunye elunxwemeni. ECrimea "," lolwandle. Xa Ngenxa le Demerdzhi yentaba. ECrimea "," eCrimea. Yayla "," entabeni. ECrimea "nangaphezulu. Akuve omnye Kuindzhi, ezele nokukhanya, ilanga kunye mpepho anetyuwa lolwandle ezolileyo.

Caucasus

Ngowe-1888, xa isimemo ka omnye abathululi Kuindzhi ndatyelela eCaucasus baza babuya okungekho ezintsha kunye imizobo, umsebenzi apho waqhubeka eSt Petersburg. UyiNgangamsha Caucasus, yena wabonakalisa, ukubhala uthotho lwemizobo: "imini Elbrus", "Elbrus. Moonlit Night "," ngekhephu "," iincopho nekhephu. Caucasus ". Olu luluhlu emfutshane ngemisebenzi yakhe, apho intetho nobukhulu zeentanda-bulumko yehlabathi ezingqongileyo. Yinto eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo, ezintsha Nngokobuchwepheshe, yaye ngaphakathi Kuindzhi xa ihlanganiswa sobulumko yothando. Abahlalutyi bakholelwa ukuba ixesha abaseAfrika Kuindzhi nempembelelo umsebenzi N. K. Reriha kwi malayas. Ngapha koko, le eCaucasus Kuindzhi yokomfuziselo. Le obufanele liphakamileyo alinakuzuzwa, dazzlingly sihle ngexesha elifanayo.

umboniso omtsha

Ngowe-1901, igcisa ephuma kude uze ubonise abahlobo kunye nabafundi umsebenzi uqalile minyaka imashumi mabini anamithathu eyadlulayo - "Night kwi Ukraine"; kodwa isebenza of "uKristu eGetsemane" (1901), "Birch Grove" (1901). Ngokubanzi, eli xesha igcisa udale imisebenzi engamakhulu amahlanu. Ngexesha le minyaka, bazele kwizimvo eMoscow ukusuka unondlwane Hills. Ukuthatha umxholo, ephuhliswa ngokupheleleyo, yaye ngoko, ukuba omnye ajike, idala uthotho esiqhagamshelwe imizobo ngaphandle kokuphindaphinda yaye akumangalisi, xa ujonga emsebenzini wakhe kolu thotho. Okumangalisayo zahlukene kuphela imisonto kodwa ngezisombululo zabo umbala.

Made Kuindzhi kumboniso waphinda wakhokela abaphulaphuli kwimeko yimincili, kwakhona waya ngayo ukubambana intetho, kodwa igcisa kwakhona ivaliwe. Izizathu zoku yokuziphatha Kuindzhi engobomi emfutshane, ezifana bexesha lakhe, awukwazi ukunika. Mhlawumbi umzobi ndandidiniwe kukulavuza, ngenxa yokuba kominyaka imashumi mathandathu ezelwe. Noko ke, ngemilinganiselo zethu oku kangako, kodwa ndaziva ngokwahlukileyo kancinci.

kwiminyaka yakutshanje

kweminyaka elishumi Kuindzhi wadala ilaphu entsha. An wobugcisa ngokupheleleyo ixesha - umfanekiso "Rainbow". Kungenxa kwi Russian Museum. Kweli piece Kuindzhi wasebenza iminyaka emihlanu. Kunye enkulu, ngaba asithunyelwanga endle zakolosivshegosya zodonga indlela jika. Ngaphezu kwazo kukho esithathwini-ezimbini ebambe isibhakabhaka igqabi kunye nomnyama yabengezela. Zonke elula kakhulu, kodwa ke le lula unikwa isakhono enkulu lokuqaphela kweengcinga zabantu. Vele "Red Sunset" yaye "Night" (1905-1908).

ukufa womzobi

Ukususela ngehlobo lika-1910 kwi-eCrimea, waye wagula ne pneumonia. Ngoku usongela sifo ixesha elide nto leyo ephelisa ukusilela kwabantu. Kwaye ke kwakungekho antibiotics. Ngenxa imvume koogqirha ekunyamekeleni umfazi onothando kuthuthwa isigulane eSt Petersburg, kodwa imizamo oogqirha 'isenokungasebenzi. Ayikwazi ukumelana intliziyo embi, waza wafa ngoJulayi 1910. Ngoku ingcwaba lakhe kwi Tikhvin Amangcwaba kwi-Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

sa

Ephuma emazantsi angakhuselekanga oluntu, umzobi, kamsinya nje imali ukuvumela intsimbi, waqala ukwenza ngothando, ukuhlawula imali omkhulu ngaloo mihla (ikhulu, anekhulu elinamanci amahlanu amawaka) kunye Academy of Arts kunye Society of Artists. A. I. Kuindzhi ngenxa mabhaso yonyaka. Emphakathini efanayo wabanika ilifa yakhe eCrimea. njengokuba umculi yena nomfazi wakhe umxholo kunye encinane, sasihlala nje yaye athobeke. Emva kokufa kwakhe, yena wamkela Antropov pension liyinikiweyo, nayo yonke impahla yakhe isasazwe phakathi kwezalamane wegcisa kunye Society of Artists.

Le ndlela elinzima ubomi uArkipo Kuindzhi. biography emfutshane uthetha italente ngokungaqhelekanga, ukuzinikela kunye Umphefumlo onesisa ngomzobi enkulu.