Argon yinto ekhethekileyo kwinkqubo yexesha

Sonke siyazi ukuba i-argon isetyenziselwa ukuthungela izitya ezahlukeneyo, kodwa akubona wonke umntu ocinga malunga nokuba yintoni le nto yeekhemikhali. Yaye ibali lakhe lizityebi kwiziganeko. Yiyiphi impawu, i-argon yikhophi ekhethekileyo yetafile yexesha le-Mendeleyev, elingenalo imizekelo. Inzululwazi ngokwakhe yamangaliswa ngelo xesha, indlela eya kufikelela ngayo apha.

Phantse i-0.9% yale gesi ikhona emoyeni. Njenge-nitrogen, inomdla ongathathi hlangothi ngaphandle kombala kunye nephunga. Ukugcina ubomi, akufaneleki, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezithile zomsebenzi wabantu.

Ukunciphisa okufutshane kwimbali

Ngesihlandlo sokuqala kwafunyanwa ngumNgesi kunye ne-physicist ngemfundo uG. Cavendish, owathi wabona ubukho emoyeni into entsha, engaxhatshazwa ukuhlaselwa kwamachiza. Ngelishwa, iCavendish ayengazi uhlobo lwegesi elitsha. Ngaphantsi kwekhulu leminyaka kamva, omnye usosayensi, uJohn William Strath, waphawula oku. Wafika kwisigqibo sokuba kwi-nitrogen evela emoyeni kukho ukudibanisa kwegesi engaziwayo, kodwa i-argon okanye enye into, ayengakwazi ukuyiqonda.

Ngelo xesha, i-gas ayifumananga ngeentsimbi ezahlukeneyo, i-chlorine, i-acids, i-alkalis. Oko kukuthi, ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga imichiza, yayingenayo. Enye into ekumangalisa ngayo ukufumanisa - i-molecule yegesi entsha iquka i-athomu enye. Kwaye ngelo xesha kwakunjalo ukwakheka kwegesi kwakungaziwa.

Isibhengezo esidlangalaleni malunga negesi elitsha latshitshisile ezininzi izazinzulu ezivela kwihlabathi lonke-kwenzeka njani ukuba likwazi ukujongela igesi elitsha emoyeni kwiinkalo ezininzi zesayensi kunye nokulinga? Kodwa kungekhona zonke izazinzulu, kuquka uMendeleyev, bakholelwa ekufumaneni. Ukuqwalasela ubunzima be-athomu yegesi entsha (39.9), kufuneka ibekwe phakathi kwe-potassium (39.1) kunye ne-calcium (40.1), kodwa indawo isele ihlala.

Njengoko sele kuthethwe ngaso, i-argon yintsiza enembali ecebileyo kunye neengcambu. Kwasetyenzela ixeshana, kodwa emva kokufumanisa i-helium, i-gas entsha yaziwa ngokusemthethweni. Kuye kwagqitywa ukuba imthathe indawo ehlukeneyo, ephakathi kweehaloji kunye neetali ze-alkali.

Iipropati

Phakathi kwezinye iigesi ezingenayo ezifaka iqela elinzima, i-argon ithathwa njengento elula. Ubunzima bayo buninzi budlula ubunzima bomoya ngamaxesha angama-1,38. Kwimeko yamanzi, igesi igqitha kwiqondo lokushisa -185.9 ° C, kwaye -189.4 ° C kunye noxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo luyanzima.

Ukususela kwi-helium kunye neononon neon ihluke ngokuba iyakwazi ukuchithwa emanzini - kwiqondo lokushisa lama-degrees angama-20 kwisixa semali engama-3.3 ml kwikhulu legramu zamanzi. Kodwa kwiinkqubo zesisombululo se-organic, igesi iyancibilika ngakumbi. Isiphumo sombane kagesi senza ukuba kukhanya, ngoko kuye kwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizinto zokukhanyisa.

Iingcali ze-biologists zifumene enye into efanelekileyo eline-argon. Olu luhlobo lwendalo apho izityalo ziziva zikhulu, ezibonakaliswa yizilingo. Ngoko, ekubeni kwindawo yegesi, utsalwe imbewu yelayisi, ingqolowa, ikhukhamba kunye negaye yanika ihlumela zazo. Kwamanye amazulu, apho i-98% i-argon kunye ne-2% kwi-oksijini, inkcubeko yemifuno enje i-carrots, i-lettuce kunye no-anyanisi ikhula kakuhle.

Yiyiphi into ekhethekileyo, umxholo weli gesi kwintsikelelo yomhlaba inkulu kunamanye amanqaku kwiqela lawo. Isiqulatho sayo esilinganiselweyo ngu-0.04 g ngetoni. Eli lihlandlo ezili-14 umlinganiselo we-helium kunye namaxesha angama-57 e-neon. Ngokubhekiselele kwiNkqantosi ejikelezayo, inkulu kakhulu, ngakumbi kwiinkwenkwezi ezahlukeneyo ne-nebulae. Ngokwezinye ukuqikelela, kukho i-argon ngaphezulu kwithuba kuneklorine, i-phosphorus, i-calcium okanye i-potassium, epheleleyo eMhlabeni.

Ukuveliswa kweGesi

Ukuba i-argon kwiisilinda, apho sihlala siyifumana nayo, ngumthombo ongapheliyo. Ukongezelela, kukho nawuphi na umva, ubuyela emoyeni ngenxa yokuba ayitshintshe ngokomzimba okanye kwimichiza ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Ukungahle kube yimiba yokusetyenziswa kwe-isotopes encinci ye-argon ye-argon yokuveliswa kwe-isotops entsha kunye nezixhobo ngexesha leempendulo zenyukliya.

Kwimashishini, igesi iveliswa ngokwahlula umoya kwi-oksijini kunye ne-nitrogen. Ngenxa yoko, igesi iveliswa njengemveliso. Ngenxa yale njongo, izixhobo zokusebenza ezikhethekileyo zokulungiswa ngokuphindwe kabini kunye neentsika ezimbini eziphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi kunye ne-condenser-evaporator esetyenziswayo. Ukongeza, inkunkuma yokuvelisa i-ammonia ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-argon.

Ububanzi besicelo

Intsimi yokusetyenziswa kwe-argon ineenkalo ezininzi:

• Icandelo lokutya;
• I-Metallurgy;
• Uphando lwezesayensi kunye nokulinga;
• Ukunyusa i-Welding imisebenzi;
• IWindows;
• Icandelo lezithuthi.

Le gesi engathathi hlangothi iphakathi kwamagumbi okugesi, okucotha ukukhuphuka kwe-tungsten helix ngaphakathi. Ngenxa yolu propati, umshini wokuhambisa umbane usetyenziswa kweli gesi. I-Argon ikuvumela ukuba udibanise ngokuqinisekileyo izixhobo ezisuka kwi-aluminium kunye ne-duralumin.

Igesi yayisetyenziswe ngokubanzi ukudala ummandla okhuselekileyo kunye nobushushu. Oku kuyafuneka ukuba unyango lwezityalo zeso sinyithi ezinokuthi zithinteke kalula kwi-oxidation. Kwi-argon emoyeni, iikristali zikhula kakuhle ukuvelisa izinto ze-semiconductor okanye izinto eziphambili.

Iingenelelo kunye nokungalunganga kokusebenzisa i-argon ekutsaleni

Ngokubhekiselele kwintsimi ye-welding, i-argon inikeza inzuzo ethile. Okokuqala, izitho zensimbi azifudumala kakhulu ngexesha lokuhambisa. Oku kunqanda ukuguqulwa. Ezinye iintlobo ziquka:

• Ukukhuselwa okuthembekileyo kwesikhonkwane esisikiweyo;
• Umlinganiselo wokunyuka kwe- argon ngumyalelo wobukhulu obuphezulu;
• Inkqubo kulula ukulawula;
• Ukulumala kungenziwa kumatshini okanye kutshintshwe ngokupheleleyo kwimodi yokuzenzekelayo;
• Ukukwazi ukuxhuma iinxalenye kwizinto ezinobunzima.

Ngexesha elifanayo, i-argon ye-welding ibonisa inani leempembelelo:

• Xa i-welding ivelisa imisebe ye-ultraviolet;
• Ukusebenzisa i-arc high-amperage, ukupholisa izinga kuyimfuneko;
• Umsebenzi onzima ngaphandle ngaphandle.

Nangona kunjalo, phambi kobuninzi bezinto ezintle kunzima ukunyanzelisa ukubaluleka kwe-argon welding.

Ukuqapha

Ukunyamekela kufuneka kuthathwe xa usebenzisa i-argon. Nangona igesi ayinayo inetyhefu, inokubangela ukukhenkcela, ukutshintsha i-oksijeni okanye ukuyifaka. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula umlinganiselo we-O ₂ emoyeni (ubuncinane i-19%) usebenzisa izixhobo ezizodwa, incwadi okanye ngokuzenzekelayo.

Ukusebenza negesi egazini kufuna ukulumkisa ngokugqithiseleyo, ekubeni ukushisa kwe-argon engaphantsi kunokubangela ukugqithisa kancinci kwesikhumba kunye nokulimala kwinqabileyo yeso. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iiglasi kunye neengqungquthela. Abantu abafuna ukusebenza kwi-argon emoyeni kufuneka bagqoke i-masks okanye ezinye izixhobo zomoya.