Anti-virus software - sisixhobo computer ukubona nokususa iintsholongwane

Kuyabonakala ukuba, ezo bemeko- iikhompyutha yokuqala asikhange sicinge ukuba ngokuhamba kwexesha ziya kubakho izisongelo zokhuseleko kwinkqubo ngokwayo kunye data yomsebenzisi egcinwe kwi izixhobo kwinkumbulo. Kodwa ... ke yintoni eyabangela imfuneko yokuseka lunokunyangwa, apho kamva yaziwa ngokuba "software anti-virus." Uluhlu iiphakheji edume kakhulu futhi enamandla iya kuboniswa ngezantsi. A usi elide kwi ukuqonda ukuba enye ekubeni yintsholongwane computer, nendlela ukuchonga, kwahlula okanye ukususa.

software anti-virus: yintoni na le nto? A incinane

Ngoko ke, yintoni na i izisongelo yintsholongwane kunye neendlela ukuba ukujongana nazo? Ukuba ukhangela ngaloo mihla, xa ubuchwepheshe bee-computer kuphela ekuqaleni ukuphuhlisa, njengoko umthetho, intsholongwane i fayile ephunyeziweyo (exe, .bat, njalo njalo. D.), Ukuqaliswa leyo esenza neekhowudi eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi kunye imiyalelo ezikwenza ukwenzakalisa neenkqubo zekhompyutha.

Ngokungafaniyo applets wentsholongwane egazini mihla, babesebenza kuphela xa ukusebenza ngumsebenzisi ngayo iifayile ezifanelekileyo, kwaye nezenzo zawo zaye zijolise ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yokusebenza. Ngenxa yoko, ekuqaleni wesi ukhusela kuphela le nkqubo, kodwa hayi data.

ukhuseleko subject

Namhlanje, usongo olunjalo luya ngokuya kunyamalala. Ephambili intsholongwane iba zaseMelika, ubusela iinkcukacha eziyimfihlelo, i-ngokuphanga imali. Nangona kunjalo, xa udidi iintsholongwane kuwa phantsi nento zonke iintlobo adware ukuba isebenze inkqubo kunye yoko umsebenzi ngokuphazamiseka, yithi, i-Internet.

Enyanisweni, kwii-umnwe kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha iye yatshintsha kakhulu ngokwaneleyo. Ubukhulu becala oku kubangelwa Internet. Ngokuqhelekileyo, unako ukufumana iintsholongwane kwimidiya asuswayo. Noko ke, ukuziphatha kwazo nalo eyahlukileyo kakhulu ukuba yintoni ngaphambili. Basenokuba bazimilise nkqubo okanye inkqubo inkonzo esemthethweni, ukungena kwisistim phantsi ngesebe kwamathala imilinganiselo eziqulathe ikhowudi ephunyeziweyo ukwenza iikopi zawo, njalo-njalo. D.

Emva kokuba isebenze le kwingoma elo nyathelo kunzima kakhulu, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukufaka inkqubo unqulo, kungakhathaliseki nokuba ngaba umsebenzisi liqhagamshelene Internet. Imiphumo inokuba ezinkulu, umzekelo, ukulahlekelwa imali kwi-akhawunti yekhadi. Ezo ulwazi oluyimfihlo ezifana amagama umsebenzisi kunye passwords ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zemali okanye uphuhliso emfihlekweni, ngoku kwemfuno kunanini na ngaphambili. Oku kusikhumbuza amazwi ezaziwayo-kakuhle ukuba umntu ongumnini ulwazi, uphethe ihlabathi?

virus

Noxa kunjalo, iintsholongwane kunye ukhuseleko kwivayirasi zinxulumene ngokusondeleyo kakhulu. Yiloo nto kanye le ngxaki iphambili iza kuxhomekeka kukuba iintsholongwane basoloko inyathelo elinye ngaphambi software yokhuseleko. Akumangalisi, kuba namhlanje kwi Internet ikhula ngathi amakhowa emva kwemvula, kunye nababhekisi phambili kuthetha ukulwa ezi izisongelo bamane nje ixesha kubo.

Kutheni kutshanje kuphela asakhulayo iintsholongwane coders ukuba ukungena kwiikhompyutha nangoko ngemfihlo ulwazi umsebenzisi usebenzisa bit-1024 algorithms, nangona yelebhu anti-virus lifikile nje amathuba okuba ejongene ufihlo bit-128. Kodwa iindlela okubonisa apha, nayo.

Ngoko ke esinayo yintoni namhlanje? Kukholelwa ukuba ezi ntlobo ze amagciwane ixhaphake kakhulu kwi langoku inqanaba lophuhliso zobugcisa computer:

• ekulayisheni;
• ifayile;
• ekulayisheni ifayile;
• of Document;
• kwinethiwekhi.

Ngokutsho uhlobo lomsebenzi ukuba yahlulwe umhlali non-mhlali. Umahluko kuphela kukuba yintsholongwane umhlali sinokuhlala kwimemori emva kokugqitywa komsebenzi enxulumene isicelo okanye inkonzo kubo, yaye non-umhlali isebenza kuphela ngexesha nkqubo.

Iindidi eziphambili izisongelo ithathwa ukuba iya kuba yile ilandelayo:

• izinambuzane;
• worms;
• Trojans;
• rootkits;
• cwaka;
• iintsholongwane zombhalo olwaye lwamfimfitha;
• ukhukho iintsholongwane ngaphandle utyikityo rhoqo;
• iintsholongwane nokubeka okuthatha phambi kokudibana;
• adware;
• keyloggers;
• coders;
• ezi rhorho kunye t. d.

Kwaye oku yinxalenye encinane kuphela ye kufuneka bakwazi ukubona kwaye yokungenelela le software anti-virus ntoni. Oku, ngelishwa, kuba abaninzi package elula freeware, makayixhome ngokuzolileyo, umsebenzi onzima. Kodwa ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo yonke into enxulumene ne-software anti-virus, ukuqala uhlobo ngaphandle imigaqo ukusebenza kwawo kunye neendlela yokufumanisa izoyikiso akhoyo okanye okunokwenzeka.

Technology ukubona nobungozi

Okokuqala, siphawula ukuba uninzi eyaziwa namhlanje izicelo antivirus zisekelwe phezu ekuthiwa-database isignitsha yevayirasi. Ngamanye amazwi, i data eziqulethe imizekelo izakhiwo izisongelo ezinjalo kunye nezigqibo malunga nokuziphatha kwenkqubo owosulelekileyo.

zolwazi ezifana zihlaziywa phantse ngeyure kwaye ngaphakathi iiphakheji anti-virus kwi ababhekisi phambili kumncedisi wobekelo kude. Kwimeko yesibini oku kubangelwa ukuvela yosongo ezintsha. Uncedo olukhulu iziseko enjalo into nje kumiselwa ngokusekelwe iziphumo zovavanyo ezikhoyo kunye nezinto ezintsha ezinokuba yingozi ukuba oovimba zasayinwa zilahlekile. Ngenxa yoko, nathi sithi software anti-virus - le kwisakhiwo yonke, kuqulethe ezisisiseko iipakethe software, iinkcukacha, iintsholongwane kunye neendlela yentsebenziswano phakathi kwabo.

analysis utyikityo

Ukuba sithethe malunga indlela ezisetyenziswa izisongelo ukumisela, omnye kwephambili ukuba uhlahlelo Utyikityo, nto leyo ukuthelekisa yimibutho iifayile intsholongwane evela itemplates ezikhoyo okanye izikimu kuchaziwe ngaphambili ukuba zizinto ezingenakwahlulwa kunye uhlalutyo heuristic.

Ukuze ukubona nobungozi nje into elingathethekiyo, nangona kukho isiqinisekiso 100 ekhulwini kukuzimisela akukho isoyikiso amagciwane mihla.

Imihlobo test kungenzeka

Enye buchwepheshe, esiza kusetyenziswa iipasile phantse zonke ezaziwayo manje zokhuselo (umzekelo, unqulo, "Gqirha Web", "Kaspersky" kunye nabanye abaninzi), kukuqinisekisa izoyikiso ngokwesiseko bembonakalo yayo noshowo nokuziphatha le nkqubo.

It has amasebe amathathu: heuristic kunye uhlalutyo yokuziphatha kunye nendlela bethelekisa checksums lwefayile (ezininzi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa ukubhaqa iintsholongwane ukuba zizenze njenge inkonzo nkqubo kunye nenkqubo engenabungozi). Ke wena uthelekiso iikhowudi engoma, kunye nohlahlelo nefuthe kwinkqubo, kwakunye nokunye okuninzi.

Kodwa arhente inamandla, kukholeleka ukuba luthelekiso checksums, evumela ukuba ukuchonga kube usongo ngo-99,9% yamatyala 100.

ukhuseleko zokwenza ngcono

Enye iindlela nolwemozulu ukuchonga nobungozi ingabizwa ukhuseleko esisebenzayo. Ezi iminqongo ekhoyo ezininzi iinkqubo antivirus. Kodwa kuthekani bona isicelo sayo, kukho iimbono ezimbini eziphikisana.

Kwelinye icala, kubonakala ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuchonga inkqubo ezinokuba ezingakhuselekanga okanye uhlalutyo ifayile-based notyikityo-based probabilistic. Kodwa kwelinye icala - le ndlela kudla kakhulu kubonakala ubala nkqu ikwaxina kwezicelo kunye neenkqubo ezisemthethweni. Noko ke, njengenxenye ubuchwepheshe, le ndlela isetyenziswa phantse jikelele.

I-software anti-virus ezininzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle: uluhlu

Ngoku, mhlawumbi, siye ngqo kwinkqubo unqulo. Akubuzwa, ukugquma zonke kubo akathandi kusebenza, ngoko unganciphisa antivirus edume kakhulu futhi enamandla bagqale iinkqubo zekhompyutha, kuquka zombini isoftware zorhwebo kunye free.

Phakathi yonke le nombolo enkulu iipasela ngamnye zezi zilandelayo:

• iimveliso unqulo "Kaspersky Lab";
• arab "Gqirha Web" kwaye awo software ;
• iipakethi antiviral ESET (NOD32, Smart Ukhuseleko);
• avast;
• avira;
• Bitdefender;
• Comodo Antivirus;
• 360 Ukhuseleko;
• Panda Cloud;
• Antivirus i AVG ;
• Microsoft Essentials Ukhuseleko;
• ziziveliso ze-software McAffe;
• iziveliso zakwaSymantec;
• software wesi evela Norton;
• optimizers kunye kwiimodyuli antivirus oluhlangeneyo ezifana Advanced System Care kunye t. d.

Kakade ke, ungakwazi ukufumana iintlobo ezintathu iinkqubo:

• ngokupheleleyo Ikwayimvelaphi evuliweyo kwakhona (free);
• shareware (shareware-uguqulelo, okanye "trial antivirus") kunye gama yokusebenza trial malunga neentsuku ezingama-30;
• Iimveliso zorhwebo (abahlawulwa), efuna ukuthenga ilayisenisi eyodwa okanye iqhosha lokuvula.

Freeware, shareware kunye thengiso lwenguqulelo ye iipakethe: yintoni umahluko?

Ukuthetha malunga neentlobo ezahlukeneyo izicelo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba umahluko phakathi kwezinto ezimbini nje kuphela yokuba kufuneka ukuba uhlawule ethile okanye wenze nabo, kunye nabanye. Esiphelo sesokuba nzulu kakhulu. Umzekelo, uvavanyo anti-virus, ngokuqhelekileyo usebenza iintsuku ezingama-30 kuphela kwaye kuvumela umsebenzisi ukuba ukuhlola zonke iimpawu zayo. Kodwa emva kweli thuba kokuba ungakwazi noba banoku cinywa ngokupheleleyo, okanye ukuvimbela ezinye iimodyuli zokhuseleko ebalulekileyo.

Kucacile ukuba emva uhambo malunga naluphi na ukhuseleko kwaye akukho mbuzo. Kodwa kwimeko yesibini, lomsebenzisi, ndoxelelwa ngubani ethetha, ufumana uhlobo okulula (Lite) Antivirus, uguqulelo khulula ayinayo iseti epheleleyo ukumisela izisongelo kwaye kuphela kakhulu eziyimfuneko kukufunyanwa neutralization iintsholongwane okanye sele bosulelwe inkqubo, nokuba eqongeni yabo sokungena. Kodwa ke, njengokuba kusenziwa imiboniso, yabavavanyi ezinjalo ziyakwazi yokudlulisela nje iinkqubo ezinokuba yingozi, amaphepha eempendulo okanye applets, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha angagqali iintsholongwane ezikhoyo.

Iindlela ezilula sokugqiba iziseko data kunye Software

Njengoko for updates kuzo zonke iipakethi ezi iinkqubo automated ngokupheleleyo. Xa oku kusenzeka kwaye nokuhlaziya uvimba weenkcukacha utyikityo, kunye neemodyuli yenkqubo (amaninzi achaphazelekayo iimveliso zorhwebo).

Noko ke, kuba kwezinye iinkqubo, ungasebenzisa isitshixo ekhethekileyo freeware olwenza umsebenzi yonke zepakethe kwi kangangexesha elithile. Umzekelo, ngokwale iiphakheji msebenzi mgaqo NOD32, ESET Smart Security, inkqubo "Kaspersky Lab" kunye nabanye abaninzi. Nje ukungena ngemvume ekhethekileyo kunye lokugqitha kwisicelo ukuba ukusebenza ngamandla. Ngamanye amaxesha kusenokufuneka ukuguqula ezi data kwi khowudi mvume. Kodwa le ngxaki isonjululwe le website esemthethweni ababhekisi phambili, apho yonke inkqubo kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa.

Yintoni ukukhetha umsebenzisi?

Njengoko kubonakala ngentla apha, anti-virus software - kuba yinkqubo entsonkothileyo, hayi indalo zasekuhlaleni, yaye kuqulethe nobuninzi zeemodyuli, phakathi ekufuneka zinikezelwe intsebenziswano ngqo (database zasayinwa, iimodyuli inkqubo, yabavavanyi, firewalls, analyzers, "gqirha" ukususa igciwane khowudi evela izinto uyosuleleka, njalo njalo. d.).

Yona ezikhethiweyo, Kakade ke, ukuba ngokupheleleyo ukhuselo ehlanganisiweyo akukho Kucetyiswa ukuba basebenzise iinkqubo eyayingekaphuhli okanye iinguqulelo simahla zorhwebo, afaneleka kuphela ufakelo ikhaya, uze kuphela phantsi komqathango ukuba terminal onjalo nako ukufikelela kwi Internet. Kodwa inkqubo yekhompyutha lonke uqhagamshelwano zasekuhlaleni branched, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, kufuneka ukuba bathenge ukukhululwa ezisemthethweni mvume software. Kodwa ke, ukuba akukho ngokupheleleyo, ngoko ke ubuncinane ukuya ngezinga elikhulu unokuqiniseka kwi yokhuseleko kunye neenkqubo, kwaye idata egcinwe kuyo.