Amaxhoba - it ... Ingcamango kunye neentlobo amaxhoba

Ngawo onke amaxesha kukho mthetho kunye nexhoba. Kodwa kuphela kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, ipatheni kwasekwa ezikhoyo kwikota enye, kwaba ekuqaleni kophononongo lwe sifundo, njengoko othile. Isiseko e-worldwork theory kukuba zonke ixhoba unesethi ethile iimpawu ezenza yaba yinto betyala. Noko ke, yonke into ngokweenkcukacha.

indawo yokufunda

Ngaphambi kokuba sithethe ngale abanawo, ngathi amaxhoba, kwakunye ukuchonga oonobangela yophuhliso kwayo kwanefuthe kwezinye iinkqubo zophuhliso lwentlalo, kuyimfuneko ukucacisa nezimaphambili ezingundoqo kwikota. Ndimele ndithi ukuba le mbambano kwiindawo ezinjalo ngolwazi lwezenzululwazi, ezifana bengqondo, isosioloji, imfundo, umthetho njalo njalo. E., Oko kuphakamisa le sifundo izintlu ezingxamisekileyo.

ingqiqo jikelele

Amaxhoba - kuba yinkqubo yezentlalo apho ejika umntu ibe njengexhoba lolwaphulo-mthetho. Ngamafutshane, oku kubangelwa ezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho nxamnye kwixhoba. Apha kufanelekile ukuchaza ingqikelelo amaxhoba. Yenye bendiqonda umkhwa ukuze ungabi lixhoba. Ngenxa yoko, ukuphathwa kakubi kunye kakubi zizinto iingqiqo njalo siphantsi apho uphawu owesibini. Ngaloo lingaba nokulinganiswa yi inani lezehlo ezikhubazayo kunye nobuninzi iimpawu zamaxhoba olwaphulo-mthetho.

Ixhoba: umqondo kunye neentlobo

Ngunozala isifundo ezifana othile waba L. V. Frank. Enyanisweni, ngaphandle impembelelo yakhe kwaye zange ziphuhliswe isigama amaxhoba. Ngoko ke, uFrank wazisa definition yayo. Ngokutsho kwakhe, amaxhoba - yinkqubo yokuba lixhoba, ngokunjalo ngenxa yayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ingubani le meko okanye ubunzima.

Noko ke, ngokukhawuleza emva koko, uFrank lehlelwa ithala ukugxekwa. Ezinye ngokwalatha kuyo abaphandi ukuba ingqikelelo ye-nkqubo kunye neziphumo zawo kufuneka kwahluka enye kwenye, yaye ukuba mnye.

Umzekelo, Rivman ubanga ukuba amaxhoba - oku isenzo apho ulwaphulo-mthetho yavelisa ngokunxulumene umntu oye waba nempembelelo uphuhliso yale ndlela aphila ngayo. Ukuba abantu belizwe enokubakho ixhoba uguqulwe a real, ngoko le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba "amaxhoba-result."

inkqubo Communication

Njengokuba ubungqina ngoko kuye uthe kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba la ababini kuhlangene. Naliphi na inyathelo ejoliswe ekufezekiseni ubume ixhoba, iye esiphelweni esinengqondo.

Oku kuthetha ukuba kwixesha xa umntu ehlaselwa, akunamsebenzi nokuba yintoni isiphumo isiganeko, sele ngokuzenzekelayo ofumana ubume kwixhoba. Kulo mzekelo, ukuhlasela ngokwayo - ikwiphulo le ngcamango yokuba amaxhoba. Umntu lowo endaphathiswa yolwaphulo-mthetho, lo isiphumo.

Kungenxa yoko le nto amaxhoba - yinkqubo eziphembelela isiganeko omnye komnye. Okukhona kukho ulwaphulo-mthetho, kokukhona ingozi yokuwela kubo.

Surveys zokoyikisa

Ukuze siqonde iimeko apho umntu oqhelekileyo uguqulwe njengexhoba lolwaphulo-mthetho, kufuneka aqhube uphando.

Ukwenziwa ixhoba kunye nobungakanani bayo zigqitywa ubukho data kwendalo inani lamaxhoba. Ukunyulwa komntu akuxhomekekanga ekuzithandeleni kwi ulwaphulo-mthetho, imiphumela yayo kwaye ubukho bezinye izinto ezidale le siganeko.

Ngamafutshane, amaxhoba - ingqokelela yazo zonke iimeko apho into ebangela umonakalo yokuziphatha okanye ngokwasemzimbeni.

On top, enkosi ukufunda iqondo ukuthambekela ungabi lixhoba, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuthetha into enjalo nje ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ukuba sisondela ukufana phakathi unobangela nefuthe la, esi sigqibo icebisa ngokwayo. Amaxhoba ngaphezulu, kungona kwinqanaba lolwaphulo-mthetho yaye, ke ngoko, ngokubonakalayo okhulayo umonakalo yabantu njengento wobomi ekuhlaleni.

Forms zokoyikisa

Njengazo naziphi na ezinye phenomenon, inkqubo yokuba ixhoba nohlulwe iintlobo. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa yobuchule bendalo, kunokuba ngokobunye okanye ngengqokelela.

Kwimeko yokuqala oko kuthetha ukuba umonakalo owenzeke kumntu omnye ethile.

Kwimeko yesibini loo nto abanawo - aggregate njengoko amaxhoba olwaphulo-mthetho, kwaye ngokwayo kokuzenzakalisa ngaphandle kwindawo ethile kunye nexesha, kunye nokufumaneka lweempawu ubunjani kunye neenkcukacha zamanani. Nokuba into omkhulu onjalo kuchaziwe yi elithi "ulwaphulo-mthetho".

Kwakhona, kuxhomekeke iqondo kudityaniso lwentlalo zombini ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye susceptibility lwesifundo kuyo, ezi ntlobo zilandelayo iinkqubo:

1) Primary. Ngaphantsi oko kwakuthetha ukwenzakalisa umntu othile ngexesha ulwaphulo-mthetho. Akukhathaliseki nokuba into yokuziphatha, izinto okanye umonakalo emzimbeni.

2) uxhatshazo Secondary - yenye indlela engathanga ngqo enza umonakalo. Kokuba izakubanodibaniso, umzekelo, kunye nokusingqongileyo elikufutshane apho ukubelwa kwepropati ukusuka umntu elinye eliva ubunzima onke amalungu entsapho yakhe. zikhona ezinye iindlela ingozi ngqo. Oku kuchazwe iileyibheli, nesigxina ingqondo izenzo ezingekho mthethweni, ukuba wedwa, nehlazo imbeko nesidima, kunye nezinye iintshukumo ezijoliswe desocialization ixhoba.

3) tertiary. Kuyaqondeka njengoko impembelelo ixhoba ngoncedo arhente zonyanzeliso lomthetho okanye media ukulungiselela iinjongo zabo.

Maxa wambi kuthi kananjalo kwahlule phakathi koqeqesho, into ethetha ngawo isenzeko kohlanga.

Forms zokoyikisa

Ekubeni ingqikelelo inkqubo kunye nesiphumo akakwazi kwahlulwa omnye komnye, kufuneka nonokucacisa iindidi wamva.

Kabi kwenzeka:

1) ngamnye. Siqulathe indibanisela neempawu kunye neziphumo zale meko. Oku bendiqonda ukuthambekela okanye sele ziphunyezwe ukukwazi ukuba abe lixhoba kwiimeko apho imeko elibanzi uphepha oku.

2) Mass. Ngaphantsi kokuba luqondwa yeseti abantu babe eziliqela iimpawu ezibonakalisa sengozini yabo izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho. Kulo mzekelo, wonke umntu usebenza njengesixhobo le nkqubo.

Kulo mzekelo, kabi ngobuninzi iye zenyathi yayo, kuquka iqela, injongo yezifundo-iintlobo kunye neentlobo.

theory Psychological zokoyikisa

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, isigama amaxhoba axakwe lwamacandelo amaninzi. Kubandakanya kwengqondo. Abaphengululi abaninzi baye phambili acacisa ngayo ithiyori kutheni umntu uba umbingelelo. Cinga abo athandwa kakhulu.

Ngokutsho Fromm, Erikson, Rogers nabanye, amaxhoba -. It (in bengqondo), ngumkhuba ekhethekileyo ezendeleyo ekubeni wonke umntu ngenxa imikhwa etshabalalisayo. Ngexesha lokuQhelaniswa efanayo etshabalalisayo nje kuphela ngaphandle, kodwa phezu kwakhe.

Freud kwakhona ngqo kule mbono, Noko ke, wachaza ukuba akukho ngquzulwano kubakho uphuhliso. Oku ukuxuma ikhonsepthi longquzulwano phakathi ezimbini nethuku: self-ukugcinwa kunye self-intshabalalo.

Adler ngelo xesha uthi sizalwa an banqande drive ukuze wonke. A ukuziphatha eqhelekileyo kubonisa kunaye. Akukhathaliseki, xi ri xa xiviri okanye ngengqondo.

Kwakhona umdla ingxabano Stekel. Ngokutsho kwakhe, ngamaphupha umntu ubonisa intiyo yakhe, ubudlelwane wokwenene ubunyani ajikelezileyo utyekelo ukusebenzisa ukufa drive.

Kodwa kunokuba Horney ngokucalula nokwahlula ingxoxo yayo ekufundiseni. Uthi ukuba ubuntu senziwa ebuntwaneni. izinto ezininzi nefuthe amazwi nezifo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ubunzima ekusebenzeni ekuhlaleni.

Amaxhoba na ... xa pedagogy

Hi ndlela leyi, ngokutsho ingcamango zokufundisa, yahlulwe ngezigaba yobudala eziliqela apho ingozi amaxhoba linyuke. A abangama-6:

1) ixesha Palsy xa nempembelelo ngayo abazali kunye indlela yabo mpilweni.

2) Ithuba uthole. Ukuyibetha ngoyaba iimfuno yabazali ngothando, nokungaqondi noontanga.

3) kwisithuba Primary School. Olugqithisileyo, okanye, icala, ukungabikho kwalo evela kubazali, uphuhliso iziphene ezahlukeneyo, ukulahlwa ngootitshala okanye ngoontanga.

4) Adolescence. Ukusela, ukutshaya, ukusebenzisa kakubi iziyobisi, urhwaphilizo, impembelelo kwamaqela mthetho.

5) yokukhula ekuqaleni. ukukhulelwa okungafunekiyo, bebanika iziphene engasekhoyo, butywala, ukusilela kulwalamano, ukuxhaphaza ngoogxa babo.

6) Youth. Indlala, utywala, intswelangqesho, ukusilela kulwalamano, ukungakwazi kwizifundo zokuqhubela phambili.

isiphelo

Ngenxa yoko, siye sizimisele ukuba amaxhoba kunye kakubi, ingqiqo kunye neendidi lo mmangaliso. Ukubakho iimpawu ezithile zobuntu ukunika isizathu athi kuyo emngciphekweni ukungqubana ezahlukeneyo izenzo ezingekho mthethweni. Indlela kuphela kule meko kukunceda iingcali, ezijolise zombini nokuthintela le meko, yaye ukuphelisa neziphumo zayo.