Amalungu oluntu. Types of amalungu oluntu

ithambo lomntu kunzima kangaka ukuba liyakwazi ukumelana malunga-10 amawaka eekhilogram, kodwa ukuba amathambo elakhiwe ngekhaya elinye kuphela ithambo eqinileyo, umbutho wethu akunakwenzeka. Nature iye isonjululwe le ngxaki ngokwahlula nje amathambo amathambo ezininzi namalungu ziyenziwa - indawo apho kudibana amathambo.

amalungu oluntu ukwenza kwakuhlaziya umsebenzi obalulekileyo. Enkosi kubo, namathambo, amazinyo kunye intlala omzimba, zihlangene olunye nolunye.

Types of amalungu oluntu

Zingakotshwa zihlelwe ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni:

Joint enqanda intshukumo, eyaziwa ngokuba synarthrosis. Sutures lukakayi, gomfos (soedininenie amazinyo ukakayi) yimizekelo synarthrosis. Unxulumano phakathi amathambo ebizwa ngokuba syndesmosis phakathi intlala - sinhordrozami, ithambo - sintostozami. Synarthrosis wabumba nge kwizicwili.

Amphiarthrosis ivumela intshukumo encinane amathambo ezidibeneyo. Imizekelo amphiarthrosis ke IiCD intervertebral kunye symphysis zikawonke wonke.

Udidi esebenzayo lesithathu - svobodnopodvizhnye diarthrosis. Baye uluhlu aphezulu sentshukumo. Imizekelo: iingalo, amadolo, amagxa kunye xibilili. Phantse njalo ke amalungu synovia.

amalungu oluntu skeletal nazo zihlelwa ezime ngayo (nesixhobo apho zenziwe):

amalungu ezinezikhondo iqanjwa kwimicu collagen engqongqo. Ezi amalungu yaba lukakayi kunye elifeza inxulumanisa ulna kunye owela ngaphakathi kwama-ezi ziyenza kunye.

amalungu Cartilaginous iqanjwa intlala yabantu kubophelela amathambo kunye. Imizekelo iikhompawundi ezinjalo amalungu phakathi iimbambo kunye ubambo intlala, naphakathi disks intervertebral.

Uhlobo luqhelekileyo - lwamalunga joint - isithuba izaliswe ulwelo phakathi iziphelo amathambo linkable. It ingqongwe capsule onzima kwithishyu ashinyeneyo nokuqina, ogqunywe synovia. Le synovia, elakhiwe ngekhaya capsule, ulwelo lwamalunga ivelise ioli, umsebenzi wakhe - ukuba nokuthambisa isixhobo joint, ukunciphisa zochuku afake.

Kukho iindidi eziliqela amalungu lwamalunga, umzekelo, ellipsoidal, ginglymoid, iinqwelo-kanti ukulenza.

amalungu Ellipsoidal ezihlangene ithambo ngokutyibilikayo ze ubavumele ukuba ukundiza ezidlulileyo kwenye kulo naliphi icala.

kwamalungu Trochlear, ezifana ngengqiniba kunye idolo ngayo loo mntu ukunciphisa intshukumo kwicala elinye kuphela ukuze engile phakathi amathambo nga linokwanda okanye linciphe. intshukumo Limited kwamalungu ginglymoid inika amandla ngakumbi amandla amathambo, izihlunu kunye nemisipha.

kwamalungu yesali, ezifana phakathi ithambo yokuqala metacarpal kunye ithambo trapezoid, ukuvumela ukuba ukuzitshintsha amathambo ngama-360.

Gxalaba kunye hip umntu - kuphela amalunga ungqukuva emzimbeni. Baye uluhlu mahala sesindululo, ngabo kuphela ukuba bajike axis yayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukunqongophala amalungu ungqukuva kukuba uluhlu simahla sesindululo kwenza babe zizisulu ngakumbi dislocation, ngaphezu amalungu ngaphantsi mobile zabantu. Kwezi ndawo apho kuvame eyaphukileyo.

Ezinye iintlobo amalungu lwamalunga zabantu kufuneka ziqwalaselwe zodwa.

joint ginglymoid

amalungu Trochlear na iklasi synovia. Le iqatha, kwedolo ingqiniba umntu. Ngokuqhelekileyo ginglymoid joint - isipha amathambo ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu, apho banakho ukuqhubeka kuphela axis omnye ukugoba okanye ukuqondisa.

Amalungu trochlear kakhulu elula emzimbeni - interphalangeal, baba phakathi phalanges neminwe neenzwane.

Ekubeni ubunzima yazo ofisi encinane kunye namandla ngomatshini, baya kuba ngento enye ngeentambo ezincinane lwamalunga eyongezelelweyo unyanzeliso. bone nganye legqunyiwe ngomaleko kakuhle ubhityileyo intlala hyaline, ekujongwe ukuba ukukhuhlana kwamalunga. Amathambo kwakhona singqongwe capsule onzima kwithishyu ezinezikhondo nokuqina, ogqunywe synovia.

Ubume amalungu oluntu isoloko ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, joint ngengqiniba kuyantsonkotha wambumba phakathi ihumerus, radius kunye ulna namathambo yengalo. Ingqiniba sesimeni kakhulu kwixesha lolayisho ngaphezu amalungu neminwe neenzwane, ngoko ke iqulethe nemisipha eziliqela strong kunye nezinye izakhiwo bone eyodwa eqinisa isakhiwo sayo.

Ulnar kunye nemisipha ebabusisakha kukunceda ugcine ulna enxulumene kunye radius nokuqinisa amalungu. Imilenze kwakhona luqulathe amalungu eziliqela trochlear enkulu.

Ezo joint engqinibeni amaqatha ibekwe phakathi ezinkulu nezincinane amathambo lesiquluba kwi umzantsi womlenze kunye talus wethambo unyawo. Amasebe eliphezulu lesiquluba lesiquluba luqokelelane ehlabathini talus slot ingamathambo ukunciphisa intshukumo yomlenze ecaleni esqwini omnye. iinyanda ezine ezongezelelweyo, kuquka deltoid, yanxitywa amathambo nokomeleza joint, ukuba ubunzima bomzimba ukugcina.

Ifunyanwa phakathi ethangeni kunye nomlenze lesiquluba kunye lesiquluba lesiquluba, idolo ngokudibeneyo - le ginglymoid joint sikhulu kakhulu entsonkothileyo emzimbeni womntu.

Ingqiniba neqatha anatomy ziyafana, ukuba amaxesha amaninzi baboniswa osteoarthritis.

amalungu ellipsoidal

joint Ellipsoidal, okwabizwa ngokuba tyaba, lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo kwamalungu synovia. Bona wabumba kufuphi ithambo, kunye kumphezulu ogudileyo okanye phantse egudileyo. Ezi amalungu ukuba amathambo sehla kulo naliphi icala - up yaye phantsi, ekhohlo nasekunene, kwikonw ngekona.

Ngenxa kulwakhiwo lwalo amalungu ellipsoidal bhetyebhetye, yaye intshukumo yayo kuphela (ukuthintela iingozi). amalungu Ellipsoidal zigqunywe inwebu sinovalnoy evelisa incindi ekhonza kuthambisa joint.

Uninzi amalungu ellipsoidal na kuphahla appendicular phakathi amathambo carpal izihlahla, phakathi edibeneyo kwisihlahla nesandla amathambo metacarpal phakathi namaqatha.

Elinye iqela amalungu ellipsoidal ephakathi ubuso omqolo ezingamashumi amabini anesithandathu kwamalunga intervertebral. Ezi unxulumano ukuvumela ukuba emhlambini alivule uphendule umntla, lo gama kugcinwe inqaba umnqonqo oxhasa ubunzima lomzimba likhusela umnqonqo.

amalungu condylar

Kukho uhlobo olwahlukileyo amalungu ellipsoidal - joint condylar. Kokuba kube nokuqwalaselwa ifomu yexeshana ukusuka uhlobo trochlear edibeneyo ukuya ellipsoid. Ukusuka condylar trochlear edityanelweyo linophawu olucacileyo lomahluko omkhulu imilo kunye nobungakanani imiphezulu ukusukelwa, nto leyo intshukumo kunokwenzeka malunga nemigca enqamleze esiqwini. Ukusuka ngokudibeneyo condylar iintloko ellipsoidal articular iqela eyahlukileyo.

joint akhwela

joint akhwela uhlobo amalungu lwamalunga, apho omnye ithambo emise ngathi isali kunye nezinye ithambo isekelwe phezu kwalo, njengokuba okhwele ihashe.

amalungu akhwela dyondzisaka ngaphezu ukulenza okanye ellipsoidal.

Umzekelo intle yequmrhu iinqwelo joint joint carpometacarpal ze ubhontsi, oluthi luqokelelane phakathi ithambo trapezoid kunye ithambo lokuqala metacarpal. Kulo mzekelo, i trapezoid yenza isihlalo ajikelezayo, ehleli phezu kwazo ithambo lokuqala metacarpal. joint Carpometacarpal kuvumela ngomnwe enkulu yabantu kulula ukukhuthaza nabanye iminwe ezine esandleni. Nasesithupheni, Kakade ke, kubaluleke kakhulu kuthi njengoko ivumela isandla sethu ngokuqinileyo ukuqonda izinto kwaye usebenzise ezininzi izixhobo.

arthrodia

Amalunga ibhola ziludidi ezikhethekileyo amalungu lwamalunga banayo inkululeko liphezulu intshukumo emzimbeni ngenxa nolwakhiwo lawo elikhethekileyo. Hip edibeneyo negxalaba ntsebenziswano umntu kuphela ungqukuva emzimbeni womntu.

Eyona engundoqo amacandelo amabini lokudibanisa ungqukuva: bone intloko ungqukuva kunye ithambo kunye elitywinwe indebe-ezimile. Cinga kwegxalaba. komzimba yabantu abanjalo ukuba intloko ukulenza eli ihumerus (phezulu ingalo bone) ungena kwisisu odibeneyo ikhaba. Glenoid kwisisu - yinto iipokotho ezincinane nzulu, imibulelo kuyo ligxa uluhlu inkulu intshukumo emzimbeni womntu. It ingqongwe ijikazi hyaline intlala, leyo ikhululekile, namathambo omeleleyo, ngelixa izihlunu - rotator cuff - ubambe ihumerus ngaphakathi ibinomthwebeba.

Ilunga hip kancinci mobile ngaphantsi emagxeni, kodwa joint womelele kwaye womelele ngakumbi. uzinzo hip eyongezelelweyo kuyimfuneko ukumelana ubunzima bomzimba apha emilenzeni ngokwenza imisebenzi efana ukuhamba, ukubaleka, njalonjalo. D.

Le nyonga elirhangqiweyo, phantse intloko ungqukuva ye yifemur (ithambo ethangeni) ngokuqinileyo ukuya acetabulum, elitywinwe nzulu ithambo zangasese. Eziliqela nemisipha ezinzima kunye nezihlunu enamandla ubambe intloko femoral endaweni ichase imimoya yomeleleyo emzimbeni. Acetabulum kwaye uthintele dislocation kasikrobana, ithambo lithintele intshukumo ngaphakathi kuyo.

Ngenxa yoku kulapha ngasentla, ungenza itafile encinane. Ubume amalungu oluntu ziquka kuyo ngeke. Ngoko ke, kwikholam yokuqala itafile elichaziweyo uhlobo joint, owesibini nowesithathu - imizekelo neendawo zabo, ngokulandelelana.

amalungu oLuntu: itheyibhile

uhlobo joint	imizekelo amalunga	baphi
ginglymoid	Idolo, ingqiniba, neqatha. Anatomy of abathile kubo inikwe apha ngezantsi.	Edolweni - phakathi femoral, tibial kunye patella amathambo; ulnar - phakathi ihumerus, ulna kunye radius; iqatha - phakathi lesiquluba unyawo.
ellipsoidal	amalungu Intervertebral; amalungu phakathi phalanges.	Phakathi ubuso amathambo; phakathi phalanges ze iinzwane kunye nezandla.
globular	Inyonga emoyeni. komzimba Human byi olu hlobo ingqalelo ngokudibeneyo.	Phakathi yifemur kunye ithambo zangasese; phakathi ihumerus kunye scapula.
akhwela-okwe	Carpometacarpal.	Phakathi ithambo trapezoid kunye ithambo lokuqala metacarpal.

Ukuyenza ibonakale ncono yintoni eyenza kwamalungu oluntu, chaza ngakumbi ezinye zazo.

uyibhekise

komzimba Ingqiniba yabantu sele ikhankanyiwe, kufuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo.

Engqinibeni - enye amalungu unzima komzimba womntu. It luqokelelane phakathi ekupheleni distal le ihumerus (ngakumbi ngqo, imiphezulu yayo articular - ibhloko kunye condyle), imitha kunye trochlear ezisikwe ulna kunye namathambo ebabusisakha intloko articular kwaye sikwi yayo. It iqulathe amalungu kwaoko emithathu: brachioradialis, humeroulnar kunye radioulnar proximal.

joint Humeroulnar ibekwe phakathi trochlear yomvuzo ulna kunye block (kumphezulu joint) of the ihumerus. Oku kunxulumene a trochlear ngokudibeneyo kwaye uniaxial.

Brachioradialis condyle edibeneyo kuyilwa phakathi ihumerus kunye nentloko ihumerus. Movement welungu zenziwa malunga ezimbini nangeempahla ezibukhali zesinyithi.

Promaksimalny radioulnar inxibelelanisa iphiramidi ebonisa unxibelelwano ukusika ulna kunye achazwe apha odibeneyo intloko iphiramidi. Naye uniaxial.

Le engqinibeni akukho intshukumo lateral. Ngokubanzi, oko kuthathwa joint trochlear kunye iziliphu imilo helical.

Eyona projekthi inkulu nakumphezulu lomzimba zithathwa iingalo. Imilenze kwakhona luqulathe namalungu, nto leyo nje Awuyazi.

hip

Leli lunga ibekwe phakathi acetabulum kwe isinqe kunye yifemur (intloko yakhe).

Le intloko igutyungelwe hyaline intlala phantse lonke, ngaphandle fovea. Acetabulum , kakhulu, Bathiwe wambu intlala, kodwa kuphela malunga komhlaba lunate kunye nentshiyekela egubungele sinovalnoy ndizayo.

Kuba hip ntsebenziswano iinyanda ezinjalo: sciatic-femoral, iliac, femoral, zikawonke-femoral, indawo setyhula, kwakunye nee intloko femoral.

Iliac-femoral lungu uphuma kwi emazantsi akudala ophezulu ithambo iliac uphele umgca intertrochanteric. Eli lungu iindleko zokunyamekela umzimba kwindawo tye.

esithengiswayo elandelayo sciatic-femoral, iqala kwi ithambo ischial lusukwe lube leli philisi welungu kasikrobana.

Kancinci eliphezulu phezulu wethambo zikawonke wonke, iqala lungu zikawonke-femoral, enqamleza phantsi philisi nyonga.

Ngaphakathi ngokwayo joint na iqela intloko femoral. Qala ukuthatha oku acetabular lungu ezinqamlezayo liphele emhadini intloko femoral.

Le ndawo setyhula amiliswe ngaphakathi ndzhendzheleko: olubotshelelwe ngaphambili esezantsi ilium kunye neendawo eziyingqongileyo entanyeni yifemur.

Inyonga igxalaba asekhona ibhola-ezimilise kuphela emzimbeni womntu.

idolo-joint

Leli lunga iqulathe amathambo amathathu: patella, ekupheleni distal ye yifemur nesiphelo proximal le lesiquluba.

kwedolo philisi joint eqhotyoshelwe kungqameko tibial, ithambo femoral kunye patella. Kuba yifemur iqhotyoshelwe apha phantsi epicondyle. E fixed umgangatho tibial articular ngasemdeni, kwaye ziqhotyoshelwe apha kule philisi patella ukuze kumphezulu wayo yonke phambi entlanganweni lilapha.

Iinyanda yale joint zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini: vnekapsulnye kunye intracapsular. Kwakhona kwi joint kukho macala mabini - tibial kunye fibular akananto nemisipha.

iqatha joint

It senziwa kunye Ngoncedo articular komhlaba talus kunye iindawo articular ye eziphelweni distal le lesiquluba kunye lesiquluba.

philisi Joint phantse lonke iqhotyoshelwe ngohlangothi intlala articular imka kuwo kuphela phezu ngaphambili talus. On imiphezulu icala kuyo nemisipha ezimanyeneyo.

Le deltoid, okanye lungu medial, iqulathe iindawo ezininzi:

- ngomva tibio-yokungqubana, enyeleni ngasemva iphakathi malleolus medial kunye ngasemva medial le talus;

- tibialis cipande-yokungqubana, ifumaneka phakathi ngohlangothi ngaphambili malleolus medial kunye umphezulu posteromedial le talus;

- tibio-isithende inxalenye hide ukusuka malleolus medial ukuya inkxaso talus;

- tibio-navicular inxalenye, oko evela malleolus medial luphele kumphezulu ngasemva amathambo navicular.

Okulandelayo lungu peroneal-calcaneal, esusela kumphezulu olungaphandle malleolus zibe kumphezulu zisecaleni entanyeni talus.

Kufutshane phambi egcinwe talo-fibular lungu yangaphambili - phakathi ngohlangothi ngaphambili malleolus osecaleni kunye umphezulu zisecaleni entanyeni talus.

Nezokugqibela, emva talo-fibular lungu uphuma kwi ngomva udini le malleolus osecaleni luphele tubercle zisecaleni inkqubo talus.

Ngokubanzi, joint amaqatha umzekelo trochlear kunye motion helical.

Ngoko ke senza ntoni sinengcamango yokuba yintoni na amalungu oluntu. Amalunga Anatomy nzima ngaphezu ikhala, kwaye ungabona ukuba wena.