Amagcisa Spanish - eliqaqambileyo njengelanga yelizwe lawo

Artists Spanish enkulu kumsebenzi wabo nethetha imixholo ukuba wonke umntu ezisixhalabisayo, ngoko amagama abo kwiinkulungwane. Ukuqalela El Greco, sinako ukwahlula ezisithoba kwezi iinkosi, owayehlala ukususela XVI kwinkulungwane XX. Nokugqama eliphezulu yekhulu XVII. Kungenjalo, oko kuthiwa Golden. Eli xesha ezimbejembeje.

ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe

Eyokuqala ngubani balizukisa isikolo iSpanish, leyo ingumGrikekazi Domenico Theotokopoulos (1541-1614), ekuthiwa yi El Greco eSpeyin. Ngaloo mihla rhoqo bazitshisa eyayenzelwa of njengabaqhekeki. Ngoko ke, imixholo wempangelo ngenkankulu wachukumisa. NgoM kunye oseludongeni imizobo - uhlobo imizekeliso ukuba iZibhalo Ezingcwele. Kodwa ke kufuneka silumke ngakumbi. zonyango Traditional ezifunekayo.

El Greco idibanisa imixholo zonqulo ngobuhle obumangalisayo ubungangamsha isisombululo umbala, olungaphambi imbonakalo ezimbejembeje. Omnye wemisebenzi yakhe, "abapostile uPetros noPawulos" (1582-592), igcinwe eRashiya. Lo mzobo elula engafundanga rybak Pet kunye umdali imfundiso lamaKristu lonke nabafundileyo uPawulos, Kakade ke, iBhayibhile. UbuKristu ngenkulungwane yokuqala, iphumelele iintliziyo zabo bonke uthando lwakhe ngabantu, uthando kunye nokusebenziseka - kwaba ngokwaneleyo, ngangokude ukholwe nje, yaye nabani na, efundile hayi, abazizityebi okanye ulihlwempu, waba ngumKristu. Amagcisa Spanish bafunde lukhulu ngumzobi, kukho indlela ekhethekileyo ezinxulumene nesifo amehlo. Nangona kunjalo, ithuba elide yokudweba yakhe kulityalwa bafumana kwiinkulungwane ezintathu kamva.

Sobuciko - The Golden Age

Njengoko naphi, ubuKatolika liluqilima, enyanisweni, iluphawu emandla nezinzima, efuna abantu ukuba uyibingelele iminqweno aningabenyama neziyolo kunye ukuntywiliselwa ngokupheleleyo izithethe zonqulo. Amagcisa Spanish ezifana Jose Ribera (1591-1652), Francisco Surbaran (1598-1664), Diego Velaskes (1599-1660) kunye Bartolomeo Murillo (1617-1682) yeyona ummeli iphambili kweli xesha. Babenolwazi imisebenzi Caravaggio, nto leyo iba nefuthe elikhulu phezu kwabo, kungekhona lisekhona-lifes zabo, akuqonda oko ukufa nendlela close ngayo yahlangana ebomini.

Spanish ngabapeyinti Ribera and Zurbaran

Lo umbutho thile ngokwesigqibo esicalanye. Painting Jose Ribera (1591-1652) eyahlula izifundo ezinxulumene ne ukholo kwaye yendalo kumfanekiso kunye nabalinganiswa ezingcwele ukubandezeleka iintsomi kwakunye umahluko elibukhali ukukhanya nethunzi. Francisco Zurbaran (1598-1664) Imizobo kangangoko, lyricism zipeyintwe, kudala phaya kwiminyaka engama-30 kwinkulungwane XVI. Ngowe-1662, ubhala uthando "Madonna kunye Child noYohane Saint umbhaptizi."

Umfanekiso ngokudangazela umntwana embindini sisincoko elula zendalo, kwaoko etsala ingqalelo nje ubuso gentle le Madonna, neempahla zegolide esiwa kaYohane, nto leyo imi ezinyaweni lemvu emhlophe lokomfuziselo. Wamvusa uKristu ngumalusi eziinkomo enkulu abo babekholwa kuye. Zurbaran ubhala kuphela kwindalo - yiyo Umgaqo wokusebenzisa umahluko of izithunzi nzulu kunye nokukhanya olomeleleyo. Zurbarán wayengumhlobo artist okuqaqambileyo Diego Velaskesom, ngubani wamnceda kunye nemiyalelo. Amagcisa Spanish wafuna ukuba baxhasane.

Velazquez (1599-1660)

Ekuqaleni, ngumzobi Spanish Diego Velaskes, ehlala Seville, imisebenzi emininzi imifanekiso loncwadi abangaluqhelanga, kwakunye phezu Imizobo yimizekeliso. Kodwa nolwazi Imizobo Italian ukusuka kwingqokelela yasebukhosini bububumbi kakhulu izimvo zakhe kubuhle. Itshintsha umbala ukuba lisuke labuna isilivere, azifihle ekususeni neethowuni. Ebunzimeni wakwazi ukufumana isihlalo ngumzobi enkundleni. Kodwa nangoko Korol filipp IV kakhulu isipho umzobi oselula, owathi kamva wadala eni yentsapho yasebukhosini. Apex baba Imizobo ezimbini kumsebenzi wakhe, eyay kude kube ngoku, phambi kokuba wabeka iintsingiselo ezininzi phantsi kubo umculi. Yinto "Las Meninas" (1656), okt, enesihlwele esinzima ngamagosa e iindlalifa kuwabo etroneni, yaye "Spinners" (1658).

In "Las Meninas" efika kuqala ibonakala ilula. Kwigumbi emikhulu Infanta oselula, singqongwe yamantombazana imbeko, womnye, UDema ezimbini, inja kunye igcisa. Kodwa emva opeyintayo phezu kodonga oxhonywe esipilini, nto leyo ibonakalisa ukumkani nokumkanikazi. Apho, isibini lobukumkani gumbi okanye hayi - ukuba enye iimfihlelo. Baninzi ngakumbi kwi inqaku enkulu. Kwaye akukho iqhina umntu akazange anikwe impendulo ecacileyo.

Ngu Francisco Goya ku Dali

Wazalelwa e Zaragoza, Goya (1746-1828) waba ngumzobi kwinkundla esesikweni, kodwa emva koko ulahlekelwa kwaye ufumana indawo usekela-mlawuli wesi Academy of Arts. Nokuba Goya isebenza cartoons nzima ngok, ukudala ngenxa amalaphu, eni, ecaweni epeyintwe, yena iipeyinti imifanekiso ngenxa yecawa e Valencia. Usebenza nzima bonke ubomi bakhe kwaye abaninzi, ezahlukahlukeneyo njengoko inkosi, behamba ukusuka iingoma iholide ukukhanya kunye imibala etyebileyo ebukhali kucwangciso ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ukuba ukupeyinta, ebumnyameni kunye lisibekele.

isikolo umzobo e Spain akayi kufa, kodwa igcisa elandelayo yokudweba iSpanish, inkosi enkulu, kuya kuvela ngo-1881. Lo uPicasso. Yintoni ayizange okhankanywe umsebenzi wakhe. Oku "blue" amaxesha "pink", kunye cubism, kunye kwemiYalezo, kunye pacifism. Ngokuba wonke umsebenzi wakhe isigqebelo sifanele ezingaqondakaliyo nokunqwenela ukuthengisa. Kwaye yena wayesazi ukuba sisondele njani. Ukubunjwa kwixesha Cubist, enemifanekiso yabantu intanda yakhe, nto leyo bathengiswe oku kuku ezishushu, kuba yena, wabhala kuyo indlela ngokoqobo. Kwaye nje ngokuba indoda esisityebi, uvumela ukuba ukuzoba, njengoko afunayo.

Ngqo nomsebenzi wakhe "Don Quixote" (1955). Wazichaza ngokwakhe knight, sasebukhosini yakhe, ihashe, iesile ezimbalwa iphendukile. Don Quixote ukukukhanya, ikhaphukhaphu, kunye Rocinante - phantse isikhwama emathanjeni. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ulawulo ngasekhohlo - ubunzima black enzima. Nangona zombini manani kuloo ndawo, ukuzoba ezele intshukumo. Imigca ezingenamandla, anomtsalane kunye ezele ezihlekisayo.

Eyaziwa artist Spanish lukhuni Salvador Dali. Le ndoda konke ayithengiswa. Kunye Imizobo kunye iidayari, kunye neencwadi. Isimo ngokwakhe wenza enkosi uncedo nomdlandla umfazi wakhe Elena Dyakonova, eyaziwa ngokuba Gala. Wayesele Ndithelekelele wakhe nomphathi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwabo kwaba yimpumelelo kakhulu ngokwemigaqo yorhwebo.

Xa ndiqukumbela phezu kweli nqaku ngalo mxholo umzobi odumileyo iSpanish, kufuneka bathi bonke babe eliqaqambileyo njengelanga eSpeyin, ubuntu.