Amabutho Car Russia

Car imikhosi Russian (isifinyezo esemthethweni AB Russian ngemipu Forces) ngumbutho we omkhosi. Bona esenzelwe ukuthutha abasebenzi, ukuthutha ukutya, amafutha, iimbumbulu kunye nezinye izinto eziphathekayo, eziyimfuneko ukuze ihambo impi. Ukongeza, le moto ezisetyenziselwa ngobungxamo ababuleweyo, abagulayo, kunye neteknoloji nomkhosi. nabo baphathe nezinye iiyunithi abangenawo zothutho yakho.

amabutho Russian zenziwe up kwingxelo imoto, iiyunithi, amaziko kunye nolawulo. Ukuze babe yinxalenye iiyunithi iingalo ezidibeneyo nezakhiwo zemvelo, le imikhosi exhobileyo, imikhosi exhobileyo okanye iiyunithi ezahlukeneyo nezeemoto.

Imbali imikhosi mafutha: i tsarist Russia

Lokuqala Iqela lendlela Russian umkhosi komlawuli wabonakala 1906. Aba yinxalenye amabutho zobunjineli. Yaba ukuba ngoobani kwase le avtobata mihla. Kwiminyaka emine emva koko, ngoMeyi 29, 1910, e St. Petersburg, lo avtorota uqeqesho lokuqala zadalwa. Namhlanje, lo mhla ibhiyozelwa noMhla-mkhosi ezinenjini. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva imoto wadala ofisi yeli Candelo Division of Military loNxibelelwano ye-Main Directorate of Staff Jikelele. I avtoroty lokuqala rhoqo ukuvela komnyaka ka 1911, ngoko ke imoto yokuqala yezothutho race truck yaququzelelwa, leyo kwacetywa ukulamkela. Kunyaka olandelayo, iimoto ezivavanyiweyo.

The First World War

Ngaphambi kwemfazwe, ngowe-1914, umkhosi Russian wababala avtorot ezintlanu, nixhobe 418 yayibandakanya kungekwamthwalo 259 iimoto umkhweli. Nangona amanani yabo, kwakunye yezothutho ezindleleni elizothe wadlala indima enkulu kule mfazwe. Ngenxa imikhosi zemoto akwazi ukungqina ukubaluleka kwazo. Bona zasetyenziselwa ukunikezelwa imithwalo wamajoni, abasebenzi ababuleweyo, ngokunjalo ihamba umatshini-gun kunye zokudubula amanqaku. Kwangaxeshanye, izithuthi baqalisa ukunxiba isikrweqe. Ngoko ke kwabonakala iinqwelo zokuqala vehicles. Umkhosi Russian kwakukho iiyunithi 400, baza zancitshiswa broneotryadov 50 ngempumelelo balwa phezu nempi. Ngu ekuqaleni Oktobha Revolution emkhosini, kwakukho malunga namawaka alishumi iiyunithi zezithuthi, nama 22 avtoroty.

era eSoviet: War Civil

Motor-isithuthi ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa ngexesha leMfazwe Civil. Ngoko ke, ngo-Agasti 1918 iBhunga Commissars Abantu yamkela enesisombululo esikhethekileyo, apho isiqingatha zimoto anikezelwe abasemagunyeni emkhosini. Ekupheleni konyaka i-Red Army liqulethe amawaka amane iimoto, kwaye ngo-1920 - anesixhenxe nesiqingatha amawaka. Abanye babo amaqela endleleni, ngoxa abanye bathunyelwa amajoni. fleet agcwalise kwenzeka neembasa ngenxa. Eyona njongo iphambili yale ingalo ezithutha iimpahla imigama emide kunye nokudluliselwa ngokukhawuleza kwabasebenzi. Ukongeza, ngokufuthi ezimotweni enyusiweyo izixhobo - nemipu nemipu machine. Ukongeza, isithuthi yayisetyenziswa enelanga, kunye nabasebenzi yonxibelelwano kunomathotholo.

Red Army: ngaphambi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II

Emva kokuphela kwemfazwe kwi-Red Army uqalisa nokuhlaziya izithuthi kunxitywe. Imoto zazingenela, apho waya amajoni - ilori Amo F-15. Ngelo xesha baqale ukwakha ithathele kweemoto zokufunda (yakhiwa iinkampani ezintlanu) sithili zomkhosi ngasinye. Ngowe-1933 wadala umzimba yokuqala ngomatshini, nto leyo eyaba uxhulumaniso wokuqala mobile ehlabathini, zonke izixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezakhe traction ngoomatshini. Ngokutsho karhulumente abangaphezu kwamakhulu amabini iimoto zinikwe kuyo. Yaye-1936, njengenxalenye ye-Red Army iye yasekwa sele ezine umzimba ezinjalo.

Le revolution Industrial

Ngokukhawuleza kule meko oselula eSoviet zabanjwa kwemizi-mveliso, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngokutsha ubudala yaye wakha mveliso imoto entsha. Emva ekuhlaziyeni nesiseko lobugcisa Amo nokuthiywa yayo ngeziTyalo. Stalin, sivelisa iilori ton ezintathu-ZIS-5. Ngelo xesha linye isityalo esitsha Gorky uqalisa imveliso polutorok edume ndingaz-AA. Ngenxa yokuba amajoni zemoto zixhotyiswe nge zombane mihla, ukongeza ekuphuculeni ulawulo yabo inkonzo. Ekuqaleni, ukuba subordinated kwiGosa eliyiNtloko Military Engineering Management ngo-1924 GVIU iguqulwe ibe ulawulo wamajoni zobugcisa nangoncedo oluBomvu Army, yaye ngowe-1929 wadala iOfisi motorization kunye koomatshini kwi-Peoples Commissariat lezoKhuselo. Ngo-1935 kukho omnye lenguqulelo Umm vehicles Directorate, kwaye ngo-1939 - eMain vehicles Directorate.

IMfazwe Enkulu Yobuzwe

A nqanaba entsha kuphuhliso amajoni zemoto yaba Patriotic iMfazwe Enkulu. inguqu ezikhawulezileyo kwimekobume zokusebenza, lo uthsintsho nokukhula mfazwe yenza kube yimfuneko ukuba ukudlulisela ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka isixa esikhulu izixhobo kunye nabasebenzi zomkhosi. Konke oku kufuneka ukwanda kwinani imikhosi imoto kunye uhlobo ngokhona kucokisekileyo iindawo zale mbutho. Ngenxa yoko, ngoJulayi 1941, wadala Road Administration, nto leyo njengongaphantsi Ezomva Red Army. iyantlukwano iyenziwa ngamasebe kuwo onke amanqanaba. Inani lezithuthi kwi-Red Army kweli xesha yaba neeyunithi 272.600. Busekelwe baba iimoto ndingaz-61 kunye ndingaz-M1, kunye nezigadla kunye nezithuthi ezizodwa ezisekelwe ndingaz-AA and ndingaz-AAA ndingaz-MM, ZIS-6 kunye ZIS-5. Kwiinyanga zokuqala zemfazwe imikhosi imoto wabandezeleka umonakalo kubasebenzi, yaye inxalenye eziphathekayo. Ezinye zezi ilahleko zaye zincitshiswe izixhobo ukuhlanganisa evela amacandelo ezoqoqosho, yaye inxalenye - ngenxa kwimveliso ezintsha, kodwa ngenxa yokuba umsebenzi zemveliso kweendawo mveliso yelizwe iyonke yaba phantsi. Ukongezelela, ukufunyanwa kunye ngezigaba lwenzeke ngenxa izixhobo abavela kwamanye amazwe. Ukongeza, indebe liye lasetyenziswa ngokubanzi motor-sithuthi (kwisithuba ukususela 1942 ukuya 1943, i-Red Army wathimba iimoto ezithile 123,000). Konke oku kuye ukuba ngokuphawulekayo ukwandisa amathuba imisebenzi zomkhosi. Ngoko nangoko emva kokuphela ngamajoni emkhosini, kwakukho abangaphezu kwezigidi 664 izithuthi, apho 33 ekhulwini kwaba izixhobo uboleke-yengqeshiso, ne-10 pesenti - lendebe. Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, amashumi amawaka abantu abalwa avtobata zanikwa amabhaso karhulumente, kwaye abaninzi - isihloko Hero eSoviet Union.

ngemva kwempi

Emva kokuphela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II siqithi waba umbuzo yokuxhobisa ii-iilori umkhosi drive-wheel ezine, kwakunye namaziko ngenjongo ekhethekileyo. Kulo mba, ekubeni novalo ekupheleni kushishino eSoviet baqalisa ukuprinta izithuthi emkhosini, ezazikade onamavili iqonga 6x6 ZIS-151. Ngowe-1953, imigca zemveliso zesityalo Likhachev uye ZIL-157 yokuqala kunye ZIL-164, yaye izityalo Gorky iqala imveliso ye ndingaz-53. Ngexesha gqira - ngeminyaka zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, umsebenzi yokuxhobisa umkhosi kunye iindidi ezintsha zobunjineli ngomatshini. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa yenkonzo ukufika UAZ-469, phambene 375, GAS-66, Zil-131. Ngowe-1975, nomkhosi inkonzo imoto idaliwe, nto parlance eqhelekileyo phantse nangoko kwakuthiwa "avtobat". Kulo nyaka mnye abantu bewiselwe owobubingeleli abameli zokuqala Kama Automobile Plant - KAMAZ-5310.

impi Afghanistan

Ekuqaleni umkhosi zothutho impixano izixhobo ukuba amajoni umkhosi wamashumi omane wenza lishumi motor nomkhosi. Ngoko ke, ukuthunyelwa imihlathi indlela, eziquka iilori flatbed (ukuya iiyunithi amahlanu), kunye nezithuthi zolondolozo (iiyunithi elishumi). Ngaphezu koko, ezibandakanya oosombali kunye iifriji. Umbutho wenziwa kuphela ngamaxesha emini. imiqolo yabalindi BMP, BTR kunye ZSU. Ngexesha imisebenzi zomkhosi e Afghanistan avtobatom uthuthwa impahla ezininzi, ubunzima iyonke leyo eyayifikelela kwi ngaphezu kweetoni kwezigidi ezilishumi. Ngo-1987 kukho omnye lahlukene, yaye amajoni imoto zihamba phantsi kwe Central Automobile kunye Road ISebe iSebe lezoKhuselo (TSADU). Bona ngaka isakhiwo branched. Ngoku ke iiyunithi zomkhosi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo amajoni wayefumana inxalenye yabo ukuqinisekisa ukuba uthutho amajoni kunye umthwalo emkhosini. Le ndlela enamandla yokubonisa ukuthutha nokusebenza kunye qhinga isikali intsimbi ekhethekileyo imoto brigade, aba bakulo ngaphambili, umkhosi kunye umyalelo central.

ngexesha elitsha

Ngo-2000, ngokomyalelo nguMphathiswa wezoKhuselo of the Russian Federation wasungula Day ngezimoto emkhosini. Le holide lubhiyozelwa avtobatov amajoni kulo lonke elo lizwe. E St. Petersburg, eMoscow kunye namanye amajoni ebulisa izixeko Russian imoto uthathe 29 Meyi. Ngale mini, amajoni abaqhubi beemoto uve amazwi ombulelo evela babo ababathandayo kunye nomyalelo. Ukongeza, ngomhla sithuthi yasemkhosini bagqiba Siyavuyisana amagosa enguvimba kunye neenkonde abaye bakhonza kwi Russian Federation avtobate. Ngo-2010, nengalo kulwa eminyaka ilikhulu. Isihlandlo mboniso luphelelwe e Bronnitsy (kummandla eMoscow). Ibhalwa iimoto, leyo ngoku kwinkonzo ngamaqhekeza mihla avtobata.

ngaba inkonzo kulula ukuba avtobate?

Namhlanje, abantu abaninzi abaqeqeshwayo bakholisa ukuba bangene kwinkonzo, kwaye uninzi lwazo ubunokwazi lula kunezinye iiyunithi zomkhosi. Noko ke, ukuba anike avtobate ityala Homeland akukho ngcono, yaye ngamanye amaxesha intsonkothe ngaphezulu kunayo amanye amajoni. zinakho rhoqo efake convoys zomkhosi olunokuxhasa, hayi zonke, ukongeza, kufuneka luthathele ingqalelo ukuba kwicala engundoqo ye imikhosi exhobileyo, apho iqhotyoshelwe, le nxalenye imoto. Ngokomzekelo, njengenxalenye yongungelwano zobunjineli avtobat ithatha inxaxheba isigxina zokunqumla isikhitshane, yaye lo ngumsebenzi onzima kakhulu.

Uqeqesho lwamagosa amajoni izithuthi olwenziwe kwizikolo zobunjineli emkhosini kanye zezifundiswa, ngenxa sisikolo semfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa lamabutho imoto nje lingekhoyo khona. Ukongeza, iiyunivesithi ezintandathu iliso eRussia amasebe zomkhosi, ngokukodwa kule ndawo.

Umkhosi imifanekiso yemoto Russian kunye nezinye ezithile

Uhlobo lo hlobo yongungelwano - iingalo idityanisiwe. Badele ezi chevrons kunye logo tabs namabutho ezizimoto. Photo enikwe kweli nqaku ubonisa olu phawu. Flag imikhosi ziimoto ibhena emnyama abhalwe ishevron-logo yabakho tape St. George, yaye Isaci: "imikhosi Automotive bekulungele ulilahle."