Allelism Multiple - imeko ethile ye zofuzo

Kunzima ukuba nomfanekiso amayeza mihla ngaphandle indlela elula ngolo unyango ngaphandle kwegazi. Ekuqaleni kwale ndlela oogqirha ampontshwa nje ulwelo ukusuka enye ukuya kwenye, ngaphandle kokujonga imiphumo. kokuma elandelayo imeko yomguli kwakhokelela kwisigqibo ukuba akukho naliphi na igazi esifanelekileyo igazi. Yaba Njengengabula-zigcawu ngokuphathelele ukufunyanwa yamaqela igazi.

definition

allelism Multiple - ibikukubakho lwe Ukrainian lunee ntlobo ezingaphezu kwesibini sofuzo efanayo. Kusebenza njengendlela yokukhetha zendalo, oko kukuthi, kuthintela ezo iiseli zesini eziphilayo apho asinakuba inzala ebonakalayo.

Oku kuchaza inzalo kwezityalo ezithile nezilwanyana, kwakunye nakwenzeka ukuvela "abantwana" kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana. Iintlobo ngeentlobo iimpawu kuthiwa "allelism ezininzi". Imizekelo yalo karhulumente: eyahlukileyo umbala wamehlo kunye idyasi umbala, imilo ngeendlebe okanye impumlo. Kodwa ke mpembelelo into enye kwaye kuya kuba yintoni iqela yegazi ebantwini.

allelism Multiple has iipatheni ezithile:

- nayiphi na sofuzo inokuba alleles ngaphezu ezimbini;

- isakhi lobeko kusenokuvela zombini ngenxa ukuya phambili okanye umva wezakhi enye allele, yaye ngenxa yeenguqu kwi "zasendle" sofuzo;

- emzimbeni kunye a chromosome diploid babeka alleles ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kungaba ngaxeshanye;

- alleles na ulwalamano lubalaseleyo-sofuzo phakathi kwabo;

- ilifa alleles ngokuxhomekeke kwimithetho Gregor Mendel.

Ilifa yamaqela igazi

allelism Multiple - le yenye ezibonisa Ukwahluka kwezinto yemfuza eziphilayo. Omnye umzekelo Ukwahluka enjalo kubizwa ngokuba ilifa igazi isimiso AB0.

Le nkqubo uneempawu ezithile:

- kukho alleles ezintathu lezakhi I - i A, B no 0;

- sofuzo esebenzayo kubekwe phezu chromosome lesithoba;

- A and B alleles ezibalaseleyo phezu 0 kodwa ayalingana omnye komnye;

- ngokutsho imithetho Mendelian zemfuza ezibalaseleyo ukuziphatha njenge homo - okanye into ephilayo heterozygous, yaye kuphela sofuzo homozygous kuba yimfanelo elinikiweyo.

imidibaniso ezahlukileyo alleles ibhate amaqela ezine igazi: 0, A, B, no AB. Ahluke phakathi kwabo ezisegazini (agglutinogens) thaca kwi kumphezulu weeseli ezibomvu. Kulo mzekelo, inxalenye ulwelo igazi rhoqo ajikelezayo agglutinins. Oku omzimba athile, ezo musa ungqamane agglutinogens.

Le mba we allelism ezininzi inika iintlobo ekubonakalisweni phenotypic le mfanelo ebantwini. Igazi ngumzekelo omhle norm reaction, ekubeni akukho ukutshintsha phantsi kwempembelelo naluphi na uhlobo yayingoothunywashe ubomi.

inkqubo antigenic

allelism Multiple - kuguquka sofuzo ezikhoyo abakhoyo. Omnye iiprothini, nto leyo zokukhutshwa uguquko i RH into. Le protein into njengelifa kulo uhlobo lubalaseleyo. Xa ukutofelwa igazi okanye ukukhulelwa, RH kubekhona zenzeke. Kulo mzekelo, igazi uqalisa ihlwili nokuphuhlisa DIC.

igazi koomama villi ezingekazalwa chorionic udlula kwaye singaxubeki. Ukuba, ngethuba lokukhulelwa yokuqala, oomama ezimbi-RH ukuphuhlisa baby RH-HIV, inkqubo ukuzalwa kunye iiseli igazi lakhe abomvu wayevakalisa awakwazi ukungena olujikeleza loo mfazi aze baxabane nomzimba lohlobo libaziseko. Oko kukuthi, ii-antibodies baziqwebele emzimbeni, kodwa akazange abonise up nokukhulelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ukuba umntwana wesibini kwakhona H. HIV, kukho ungquzulwano phakathi izilwa-buhlungu kunye awakwazi. Oku kukhokelela ekubeni ukufa olungekazalwa.

Ukusebenzelana gene

allelism Multiple - yinto ibonakalisa omnye kunye sofuzo ezifanayo Ukrainian lunee ntlobo ezahlukeneyo nokomzimba. Kukho agglutinogens kuphela A, B no 0. Izazinzulu ziye bodwa agglutinogens ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabini idibene ibe ngamaqela amabini. Oku kukhokelela ukohluka kumaqela yegazi umntu ngalinye elilodwa emhlabeni.

Umahluko phakathi kwezi amaqela inkqubo AB0 kukuba plasma ayikho kubo agglutinins. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ke agglutinogens RH, MN, S, P, A, Levis, Duppi, kell, Kidd, kunye nabanye. Egazini, zizifundo ezahlukeneyo kwezi awakwazi.

Ngethamsanqa, kunye ukutofelwa igazi enye akwenzi ngqiqo ukuqwalasela zonke ezi molekyuli protein, ukusukela ukuba ndingamkhubekisi ebalulekileyo basabela jikelele nawo. Noko ke, ayikhuthazwa yotofelo ukusebenzisa igazi rhoqo onikelayo efanayo.

Iqela Igazi antigen inkqubo AB0

Njengoko sele uyazi, xa kweejini yomntu kusoloko yinkolelo yokuba allelism ezininzi. awakwazi lwegazi zinikwa A no-B, okubonakala kungenxa kubukho gene I. Ziqulethe protein carbohydrate. Ingakumbi iantigens nganye kuxhomekeke iswekile chain terminal ukuqhekeka.

Ukuze kwakhiwe iantigens A and B efunekayo H-kweziyobisi ubukho isakhi N. uxanduva Esi sakhiwo Asiyiyo iantigens, ekubeni kukho bonke abantu inwebu erythrocyte. Xa abantu abane lwegazi lokuqala kuphela H-kweziyobisi, kodwa akukho awakwazi A no-B