ZIL-158 - ibhasi zedolophu kwexesha Soviet

uhlobo Iibhasi ZIL-158 yaveliswa ukususela kowe-1957 ukuya 1960 kwi-mveliso ZIL. Ukususela ngo-1959, ukuya ku-1970, imveliso saqhubeka mveliso kwi kummandla Likino Likino-Dulyovo eMoscow. ZIL-158 yaba umfuziselo ithandwayo ixesha yiSoviet, ngayo eAmsterdam phantsi komyalelo phantse yonke ibhasi azinakulawuleka USSR. Enye isityalo akakwazi ukuqinisekisa ngokupheleleyo imfuno eli lizwe, kodwa amazinga zemveliso zazilungile. Kwiplanti Moscow Likhachev wakhupha 9515 iilori ZIL-158.

plant Ukutshintsha

Ngowe-1957, ngomhla we ukuvulwa VI yeHlabathi Festival abafundi abaselula, ayeqokelelwa aze abaleke-180 koomatshini. imveliso ibhasi yonyaka emva transfer imveliso Likino-Dulyovo yaba 213 iimoto ngowe-1959, iiyunithi 5419 ngo-1963, iiyunithi 7045 ngo-1969. A lilonke Likino ibhasi izityalo malunga namawaka 50 iibhasi yaveliswa iminyaka elishumi. Ukukhutshwa kwe ZIL-158 (Lee AZ-158) yaqhubeka de-1971, ubuninzi ezincinane - de Meyi 1973, xa agqibileyo ikopi leyo eye yaba neshishini yorhwebo bonisa ebonisa nyaka phantsi kwephiko US wahlanganiselwa.

ngcono

Bus ZIL-158 yaba ukuqhubeka imodeli langoku ZIS-155. umzimba wakhe waba akusayi 770 iimilimitha. umthamo umkhweli banda abantu amathandathu, 32 lwabo amavila. Yangaphandle Design model 158th yahlaziya emitsha kakhulu, iifestile wathabatha enye ifomu, lenjongo ngaphambili iye mihla, emva wafumana imilo eziliqela emboxo, leyo basabela kakuhle ukumila ixesha. ZIL-158, apho kukho iifoto kweli nqaku yayihlaziyiwe kwangexesha. Maxesha wachukumisa injini powerplant baba ngakumbi nge-9 ekhulwini.

train wendlela

Ngowe-1960, imveliso series encinane sangena kuloliwe ibhasi ZIL-158 "Aremkuz-2PN", eyenziwa ngaba erhuqwayo ethwele isithuthi ZIL-158. Uloliwe ifumene igama elingaqhelekanga "mtshana" ezimbalwa kwaye baqalisa ukubaleka kwizitrato eMoscow. Emva kwafuneka ukuba ashiywe kwiminyaka emibini ekusebenzeni fom sithwala kwezithuthi kuba erhuqwayo ulayishiwe ngokupheleleyo kuphela ngehora rush, lonke elo xesha baya engenanto. Noko ke, ingcamango akazange amlibale ngokupheleleyo, yaye kamva yaphuhliswa ngohlobo i ikhodiyani-bus.

Ngowe-1960, ngomhla Likinsky isityalo ngoMay kuthotho ibhasi maxesha ZIL-158. Lo matshini yohlukile kwinguqulelo esisiseko iklatshi lula, single-diski, eyomileyo. Bamba iye yaba lula kakhulu, kwaye le yunithi - inokuthenjwa. Kwi imoto bamisela ukudluliselwa evela ZIL-164 imoto kunye yokutshintsha amagiya.

Neemodeli ezihlaziyiweyo amhluba izivingco eliphezulu, apho wenza nengqondo ukuba ukusetyenziswa ezidolophini, njengoko imozulu ishushu uyakwazi uvule iifestile icala.

Ukusetyenziswa kwimveliso kamabonakude

imodeli ZIL-158 abe ngumntu obonakalise ubhetyebhetye kakhulu, kunye nomabonakude mobile zadalwa rhoqo yayo. Ezi izakhiwo ezisebenza ngempumelelo de 1980. lula ndlwana banzi indawo zonke izincedisi eziyimfuneko, izixhobo zokubhala, indawo yokuphumla kunye iyunithi umhleli ukuba umsebenzi zokusebenza uze ubuyele zosasazo ephilayo.

Le mveliso amandla kwi ibhasi ZIL-158 ibekwe phambi embindini. Ebusika, lo istili injini isebenza libe shushu ekharejini ndaze ke phambi ndlwana. isithuba umkhweli phakathi kunye inxalenye nangasemva kwayo kwaye elibaselwe ngumoji umoya oshushu evela injini ngenkani yi duct ezizodwa, fan enamandla.

chassis

Qhuba ukuba amavili angasemva ukudlulisa ukujikeleza ukusuka isithuthi ngokusebenzisa umphini emibini iibheringi injini. Ukunqunyanyiswa nje yokukhulisa kunye ngaphambili, kunye nemithombo. Bonke-wheel drive lever baxhotyiswa absorbers kukothuka. Ekupheleni kwimveliso ixesha elithile le kumatshini efakiweyo absorbers ezintsha umothuko hydraulic. Ngaphandle umzimba zalungisa kunye iipleyiti zesinyithi kunye rivet. Xa ibhodi ipeyinti ezikumgangatho ophezulu wakhangela pretty mihla.

Ukususwa evela imveliso kunye nokulahlwa

iibhasi ZIL-158 zaye esebenza kuyo yonke imimandla eSoviet Union yaye ingqalelo yothutho elula mihla. Nangona kunjalo, ubomi umatshini akuthethi ngaphezulu kweminyaka 8-10, ngenxa yokuba umzimba saba nakuma. Negalelo fatigue metal kunye susceptibility kuyo umhlwa. Ngowe-1973, ngomhla ZIL-158 replacement kwafika imodeli entsha - LiAZ-677 kunye 158th ngcembe ndakhutshwa kusatyiwe, ukuba ukubhala off. Ixesha lokuqala wayengenandawo umatshini omdala ukuya, iibhasi babemi enomoya enophahla. Kodwa kungekudala ziinkokeli zoshishino ziye waqonda ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuthenga phantse nto ibhasi ekhululekile, waza waqalisa isicelo nokuthengwa kwezithuthi lokuphela kobomi.

Kakhulu iibhasi lixesha zilahlwe kwisiqingatha sesibini kweminyaka engama-70 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Ngowe-1976, i-158th washiya ezitratweni Moscow, ngo-1977 - ezitalatweni Minsk, ngowe-1978, washiya iindlela eLeningrad. Kule 80 ekuqaleni 'kwi USSR phantse akukho nanye ZIL-158, nto leyo eyayiza kubandakanyeka njenge ukuthutha abantu. Acinywa iibhasi ukuba kuyavumeleka imeko zabo zobugcisa, bathunyelwa kumashishini kunye namasebe karhulumente, capitally kulungiswa yaye waqhubeka ekhonza iminyaka emininzi.