Yiyiphi imisebenzi kwegazi?

Igazi kunye nezinye lomzimba ezifana nkovu, kunye izihlunu ulwelo, kwenza okusingqongileyo lwangaphakathi. Igazi uhlobo olulodwa izicwili nokuqina, ngenxa phylogenetically kwaye sokukhula oko wabumba iiyunithi zeethishu osandul nokuqina - mesenchyme. Inkqubo yegazi kuyinto inethiwekhi kwemithambo yegazi kunye nemingxuma intliziyo; ngokuba apho kukho kwasasazwa rhoqo ngokuqhubekayo egazini. Ntoni kwegazi? Xa uphendula lo mbuzo, ungakwazi ukubhala ama, ngokuba umsebenzi inkqubo yokujikeleza zahlukene. Le ukuthuthwa kwezinto ezibalulekileyo kunye nemixube eziphilayo esebenzayo ezibonelela amandla kunye nophuhliso ngakumbi zonke iiseli kunye nezihlunu umzimba womntu, oko kukuthi umsebenzi Exchange irhasi ebalulekileyo kukugcina uxinzelelo kwaye osmotic amaqhezu protein, ajikeleza egazini. Ukuze imisebenzi inkqubo yokujikeleza zabantu nayo ithetha impembelelo olwaneleyo yeemeko zangaphandle angaphakathi omzimba eyayiza ukukhusela umzimba ezasulelayo kunye namanye amazwe angaphandle ngalinye izinto ezithile ngamnye.

Inkqubo kwegazi akukho okwaziyo ukuthatha indawo ukuba bendingafuni ngenxa rhoqo, ngokuqhubekayo lonke igazi ukuhamba ubomi, ekuthiwa ejikeleza extracorporeal. Heart neempahla yegazi ezingabalekiyo (imithambo ezinkulu, imithambo, arterioles, emithanjeni kunye venules), kunye nenkqubo emithanjeni zenza inkqubo enye nemithambo komzimba womntu. Imisebenzi ye inkqubo yokujikeleza iquka ukususa iimveliso ze igcwala kunye nezinye esisabela kwenzeka inkqubo ukutya, nto leyo kuba kuyingozi kakhulu kwaye liseyityhefu ngamasuntswana iseli, ukuba abathanga kwazona eleminirovat. isakhiwo yegazi kudala ummiselo humoral , nokubonelela ulawulo ngokupheleleyo phezu imisebenzi onke amalungu angaphakathi kunye ngamnye zeenkqubo.

Igazi, njenge into inkqubo izinto kwegazi iqulathe iinxalenye ezimbini: into engamanzi, okanye iplasma, ngokunjalo umqhagi kuyilwa iziqalelo owomileyo (zegazi, leukocytes kunye erythrocytes). Umlinganiselo kula maqhezu kwi-avareji 1: 1.5, yaye une-40% Ipesenti plasma kunye corpuscles 60% igazi lonke. Plasma (engamanzi isahlulo) medium entsonkothileyo kakhulu kwaye unique eziphilayo, 90% yazo ngamanzi. I-10% ye-plasma kwenzeka iiproteni, acid, izakhiwo izimbiwa, iswekile, iinkqubo buffer, iihomoni, iigesi zichithakala nje, iivithamini, enzyme, njl

Umsebenzi inkqubo yokujikeleza ukuze kukhuselwe umzimba humoral ezinxulumene ne plasma yegazi. Ngokubhekiselele iziqalelo kwakhiwa kufuneka bathi babe imisebenzi ezintathu ezahlukeneyo kunene: ukusuka iiseli ezibomvu egazini - ukuphefumla, xa leukocytes - akhuselayo ziiplatelets - amahlwili.

Iiseli ezibomvu egazini Ngumfanekiso ngombala ebalulekileyo yentsimbi aqulethe, ebizwa mpilo. Eyenza ukuthuthwa oksijini evela emoyeni ngaphandle ukuya iiseli, yaye iiseli carbon dioxide imveliso yemeko ezisingqongileyo. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, yaye ngamnye kubo abe msebenzi ubalulekileyo. Bona ukudala amandla okukwazi iseli-mediated, xa intsilelo wabo ekuphuhliseni imeko eyingozi lwezidumbu, umzekelo ephawulekayo apho i-HIV. ubuchule kwamahlwili kunye udibaniso iipropati ezendeleyo kuphela zegazi, ukuswela yayo ebangela wopha ngokungaqhelekanga, ngaphandle kunye nezo ziphuma ngaphakathi, kwaye excess kunokubangela egazi yegazi ucingo mithambo kwemithambo yegazi ukuvimba ukugeleza kwegazi.

Enoba umsebenzi kwegazi, indima yawo ebomini bomntu ayinakuphikiswa.