Yintoni na imaski subnet? IP-idilesi kunye subnet imaski

Njengoko usazi, ikhompyutha nganye kwi womnatha nantoni na, idilesi yamanani ebizwa ngokuba IP-idilesi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko kuyinyaniso ngokubanzi kuphela based networks TCP / IP protocol, Noko ke, ngoku phantse nasiphi esekelwe kwinethiwekhi rhoqo yayo. Ngenye indlela, ngaphandle kule dilesi, uthungelwano ifenishala bambalwa i parameters ezichaphazela intsebenziswano yayo kunye nezinye izixhobo. Eyokuqala kubo lo isigqumathelo somsebenzi womnatha, apho siya kufikelela kweli nqaku.

subnet imaski, idilesi wesango, kwaye ...

Ukuba uzama ukufumana ulwazi malunga uxhulumaniso lwangoku, ukongeza abazahluleleyo kwi khomputha yakho, idilesi ye IP, uya kubona kwakhona amasimi ezifana subnet imaski, yesango olungagqibekanga, kwakunye abancedisi be DNS enye okanye ngaphezulu, gxebe, iidilesi zabo. Kuba uninitiated, zonke ezi data zimele kuphela inqwaba amanani, kodwa ukuba uceba ukujongana sentlalo lothungelwano computer ngokusekelwe TCP / IP protocol, wena ngale ngokwemiqathango ufanele wazi okungakumbi kancinci.

A amagama ambalwa malunga IP-needilesi

Ngaphambi kokuba singene ehlathini uze uchaze ukuba yintoni isigqumathelo subnet, sifanele sikhumbule ukuba yinto IP-dilesi: Yintoni na amanani ebandakanyiweyo kuwo, ibe yintoni uyakuxabisa bakwazi ukuthatha. Phambili ugcino ngenqaku elinye: zonke ulwazi kweli nqaku liza kujongana ne-IPv4 protocol, nguye ekubeni ngubani namhlanje nangoku kakhulu "ukubaleka".

Ngenxa yoko, IP-idilesi iqulathe amanani amane, iyileyo ukuthatha ixabiso ukusuka kwiqanda ukuya 255. Akukho mfuneko yokuba ube unjingalwazi imathematika, ukubala: nje inokuba kancinane ngaphezulu kwe gidi ezine ezihamba kunye. Nasiphi na isixhobo inethiwekhi TCP / IP idilesi efanayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni imisebenzi lenza - nokuba yinto umshicileli womnatha, umzila, ADSL-umzila okanye phone smart ukuya kwisixhobo womnatha kuphela ziza kuqhagamshelaniswa ukuba kuya kuba ulandelelwano ezizodwa zabo bonke imivo ezine efanayo.

iidilesi zendawo

Ukuba kukho kwikhaya lakho icomputer ngaphezu kwesinye, mhlawumbi waphawula ukuba zonke iidilesi ukuba zininzi izinto esifana - kaninzi umahluko phakathi kwabo kuphela inani lokugqibela, umzekelo, ukuba omnye ikhomputha yakho idilesi 192.168.1.10, ngoko ke wesibini ibe 192.168.1.9. Le meko ingaqhelekanga lothungelwano ekhaya, ngenxa yokuba idilesi data - lwangaphakathi. Zisetyenziswa ukudlulisela ulwazi phakathi inethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya, ezifana phakathi kwee computer. Kwenzeka ntoni kwezo zihlandlo xa ufuna ukufumana ingcaciso evela kwi Internet?

gateway

Phambi kokuba uqale ukuphendula umbuzo wokuba yintoni isigqumathelo subnet, kufuneka ijongane omnye icandelo womnatha - kwesango. Njengoko usazi, kwi khompyutha yakho ekhaya ukuya kwi World Wide Web, kufuneka ndlela yesango - indima uye kudlala nokuba umzila okanye modem, okanye (ukuba incoko ayikho malunga endlwini, nakumsebenzi) kumncedisi. Xa ucela naliphi na ikhasi lewebhu, ikhompyutha yakho uyakuqonda ukuba umncedisi kukuba ufuna kwinethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya. Ukuba va (umzekelo, xa uthe wayigcina site ngenye kwiikhompyutha zazo), akunto, enyanisweni, enkulu eyenzekayo - iikhompyutha ukuseka uqhagamshelwano nge womnatha kwaye uqale ekudluliseleni. Noko ke, xa uzama ukuvula le site, ibekwe kwi server ekude, kwimeko akungeni kwesango.

Yintoni na imaski subnet?

Ngoko ke bafumana ukuba sivale kumbuzo oko imaski subnet. Enyanisweni, kuba isishwankathelo ngokufutshane oko computer kumsebenzi womnatha efanayo neyakho, kwaye ifuna uqhagamshelwano yesango. Imaski - iipateni enyanzeliswa phezu IP Idilesi-kwikhompyutha ngalo ukuba ufuna ukudibanisa. Ukuba umzekelo "luhambe mpuluswa," injalo loo nto, kodwa ke ukuba akunjalo - isicelo uthunyelwa ifowuni ibhaliswe kwinethiwekhi izicwangciso yesango olungagqibekanga.

Yintoni na imaski subnet?

Ukuba inethiwekhi yomsebenzisi ikhaya avareji eziquka iikhompyutha ezininzi, nto leyo kwesango kwi Internet, ngoko imaski yakho subnet kungenzeka ukuba zikhangeleke: 255.255.255.0. La manani - ekuthiwa subnet imaski yi-24, nto leyo ibonisa ukuba ukuba imivo ezintathu zokuqala IP Idilesi-umdlalo ngedilesi yakho, zingafumaneka ngqo.

Hi ndlela leyi, umzekelo 255.255.255.0 liyimfuneko kuphela xa sisebenzisana iinkqubo zokusebenza elula eziqhelekileyo ezifana Windows. iinkqubo Linux esekelwe enye, kubandakanywa i-Android notorious kwaye ikuyo, usebenzisa indlela eyahlukileyo kancinane apho isigqumathelo subnet umiselwe inombolo olulodwa okanye ezimbini-idijithi. Kumzekelo okhankanywe ngentla, inombolo loo ngu-24.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ukufunda imaski subnet?

Nangona ukuba lo mba uphantsi ingongoma encinane, abasebenzisi ndingayeki ndifuna ukuwubuza ukufuna iinjini. Ukumisela imaski subnet ye IP cishe akunakwenzeka, ukusukela, ngenxa ye IP-idilesi enye kuphela, akunakwenzeka ukuba bathi uhlobo isikali koko kanye womnatha okanye lusasazwe. Okunye kwiimeko ezinjalo kunokukunceda ulwazi malunga kwesango, umzekelo, xa ikhomputha yakho idilesi 192.168.1.2, kunye nesango - 192.168.0.1, imaski subnet kufuneka ubuncinane 255.255.0.0, kungenjalo kwesango enokubanqabela.

Ngokubanzi, i-IP-idilesi kunye subnet yesigungxo phantse nanto yakwenza, hayi kanye mandithi, ayikho phantsi komnye. Uthungelwano computer kuyimfuneko ukusebenza zombini imida ukwenza uqhagamshelwano ngempumelelo kunye isixhobo esithile.

Swihoxo ixabiso

Yintoni enokwenzeka ukuba wenze impazamo? Ngokusekelwe yokuba ngoku siyazi ukuba loo isigqumathelo subnet, uyakwazi ngokuqiniseka: ukuba kukho obekubhaliwe ngokungachanekanga, kukho amathuba okuba khompyutha yakho iya kunqunyulwa ihlabathi ngaphandle. Umzekelo, xa ungena njengoko imaski 0.0.0.0, indlela yokusebenza iza kuthabatha IP-idilesi yendawo kwaye nkqu sizame ukusebenzisa kwesango eya kukhokelela kwilahleko amathuba ukunxibelelana iikhompyutha ngaphandle kwenethiwekhi yakho yobulali.

Ukuba senza omnye impazamo, ngokucacisa kakhulu "close" imaski subnet, ngoko ikhompyutha yakho ukuze uqale amava ngxaki sele eku xhulumaneni kwi "abamelwane" ye LAN - nokuba uthe wabuyela IP endawo, subnet imaski iya kubonisa ukuba ukungena ukuba kunokwenzeka kuphela uphuma ngesango, yaye oko kukhokelela nokuba umthwalo olwandileyo womnatha okanye ukungafumaneki ngokupheleleyo lweekhompyutha "lokalke".

Kwamagama subnet imaski

Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo operating sebenzisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo ekuyilweni isigqumathelo somsebenzi womnatha. Xa ndandikwibanga ngokubhala Windows uthathwa ukuba ibe ngumqondiso ezine iinombolo bit ezisibhozo, kunye nezinye asebenza iinkqubo, ingakumbi ngokusekelwe Unix, ngokuba irekhodi ukusetyenziswa ngokusekelwe ngokukhankanya IP-idilesi ifenishala, kwakunye nenani ziikhowudi ukuba makahlale ahambisane.

Cinga nje ngomzekelo ethile. Nge IP-idilesi 192.168.111.222 kwaye echaza ukuba iyasebenza ungazama ukunciphisa yayo static kuyinto 32, sifumana ungeno kulandelayo: 192.168.111.222/32. Xa practice, oku kuthetha ukuba ikhompyutha iya kusebenzisa isango ekhoyo ukudibanisa nayiphi na ikhompyutha kunaye. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba 32 - oku inani elipheleleyo ziikhowudi equlethe i-IP-idilesi ye-uguqulelo yesine protocol. Xa siqwalasela oku imaski ngendlela eqhelekileyo ngakumbi kubantu abaninzi nje (njenga kwi Windows OS), libonakala ngathi 255.255.255.255.

Kuthekani uguqulelo eqhelekileyo ngakumbi imaski subnet, esetyenziswa kuninzi LANs ngaphakathi indlu? Incoko, Kakade, ngumbuzo of 255.255.255.0. Ukuba ufunda ngenyameko eli nqaku, into malunga nale imaski sele ukuthetha, kwaye inani ziikhowudi zayo ezisisigxina yi-24 (t. E. Amanani ezintathu zokuqala ziikhowudi 8).

Ngaloo ndlela, kuyenzeka ukwenza ikhonkco elula ubhalo - wonke inani eliqingqiweyo akhawunti amasuntswana-8, nto leyo ethetha ukuba lowo uya kubhalwa njengoko 255.0.0.0 / 8, njengoko kubhalwe kuphela inani lokuqala.

Njengoko lo esiphakathi, umz, 255.255.255.128, ubunzulu yabo bit kwakhona kulula ukubala, kulo mzekelo, / 25 - 24, i-amasuntswana ezintathu zokuqala lwamanani abhalwe, yaye omnye kancinane ukuba yahlula ingxenye ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya 255 kanye kwisiqingatha.

Ukuba ufuna iinketho ezininzi nemizekelo, ungasoloko ingqalelo imithombo ezikhethekileyo. Kumaphepha zabo abazinikeleyo ukuba isihloko eli nqaku, kukho itafile iimaski subnet, eziquka phantse zonke ekuqulunqweni kwezi ulandelelwano kunokwenzeka.