Yintoni ikhompyutha noko ngoku

Xa kukho i computer yokuqala, akukho namnye bakwazi ukuthetha. Umntu wayefuna lula nokukhawulezisa inkqubo yokubala, ndingazi ukuba yintoni na abe mihla computer. izizwe Ubutyebi wakhula, neminwe kwanela engenakubalwa. Kule khosi baya amatye neentonga, ngazo aba izibalo sokuqala, wokugqibela inkqubo ukubala. Kwathatha ixesha elithile, kwaye ithwale inani amatye neentonga nje yaba kwandim. Lo mbuzo Kwavela ukuphuculwa becomputing, mhlawumbi eyasungulwa "ingcamango" kwi ngokusekwa koomatshini nokubala. amadoda yamandulo waxakeka phezu indlela yokubala ngeniso kunye accounting kweempahla, imfuyo, impahla.

Ngoko ke yintoni na ikhompyutha? Kakade ke, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuphuma ikhompyutha mihla yehle nzulu ibali kwaye cinga ukuba yintoni eyenza ikhompyutha kwixesha elithile. Ngapha koko, iminyaka elishumi kamva, abantwana bethu ukuze kubizwa imodeli entsha "ezinophawu" laptop 2012 - ". Amatyala" "Calculator" okanye Okanye nto yimbi.

mechanism First computing ithathwa i "abacus", eliphuma kuye akhawunti Russian. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaba kwibhodi imigca okanye vee, ezibe babeka amatye. Kukho imithetho ezizodwa ukuvumela ukwenza izibalo ukongeza ukudibanisa nokuthabatha, yaye kamva, kunye nophindaphindo.

Igalelo kuphuhliso koomatshini ukubala eyenziwe French izazinzulu Gerber (950-1003). Kodwa ke, emva kokuba ukuxhaphaka ngokubanzi kwesishumi inkqubo inombolo kunye amathuba izibalo imveliso kwi ephepheni, "abacus" uphulukene ukubaluleka kwayo bangaphambili.

Kwakhona, zibuyela umbuzo wokuba yintoni computer, "abacus" njengoko into efana kakhulu kwi computer kuqala. Kodwa kuyo kakhulu, musa ekucoceni - lonke ibali elifanayo.

inkqubo yokubala kuba nzima ngakumbi. zebhanki eziphuhlileyo, isilawuli esizisebenzelayo lokuvelisa efunekayo, ingcamango wokudala kusetyenziswa oomatshini abazange iingqondo zabantu. Ehlabathini 1632-nzulu waseJamani Schickard bahlanganisana okokuqala kwimbali indlela Ukubala izinto. Kungekudala Blez Paskal wadala imoto engcono, waba ngukhokhokazi umatshini ukungeza.

Apha siza, mhlawumbi, ngexesha ikhompyutha kuqala. Umatshini Ukongeza njo etafileni mveliso accounting kunye namaziko ahlukeneyo, apho eninzi ingqalelo. Wayesenza ilula kakhulu. Xa arithmometer inqaku ajikeleziswe ngaphakathi iigiyeri zombini kwishumi nokukhululeka kwiyunithi sigaba elandelayo. Phinda-phinda uwahlule le moto iye "wafundisa" Vilgelm Leybnits, sobulumko enkulu kwezezibalo, owenza igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso inzululwazi ebalulekileyo zobugcisa computer.

I computer yokuqala nako kunganikwa ingqwalasela akukho yindlela computing a yomluki, omashini abenziwe kwinjineli French uYosefu Mari Zhakkarom ngo-1804. Indlela wawukwazi uyiluke ngendlela entsonkothileyo ngaphandle koncedo lomntu, ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo elikhethekileyo amakhadi ngamanqindi (kuqala diskettes preimage) apho ezinqwenelekayo ulwazi oluthile lurekhodwa.

Kodwa yintoni na ikhompyutha, okanye naliphi na ezingundoqo iparameters kufuneka ukuba mhlawumbi wavula eluntwini Charlz Bebbidzh, indibano computer eqala ngo-1834. Ngenxa kwiimfuno ukuchaneka miniaturization kwenkqubo maqela nga phambili, ngenxa yokuba inkundla kwenkulungwane ye-19 kunye nobuchwepheshe kuphela kwinqanaba sophuhliso. Ukongeza, uCharles lonke ixesha lokwenza iinguqu nophuculo leyo, mhlawumbi, amthintele eyigqibile indalo yakhe. Lowo ushiya ngasemva imizobo yakhe eneenkcukacha kunye nezimvo eneenkcukacha ebhalwe yakhe co-umsebenzi, Adoy Lavleys, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukunika amandla enamandla kuphuhliso kweekhompyutha.

Babbage khompyutha isixhobo data igalelo, isixhobo yokugcina njenge RAM, iyunithi yokalo emileyo wecebo ulawulo imveliso ukubala, isixhobo kukukhupha yoko. Yaye uninzi umdla kukuba zonke iinkqubo zilandelwe ukwenza izenzo Babbage ikhompyutha isebenze ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeleni ngaphandle koncedo lomntu waza wanika isiphumo sokugqibela ngohlobo lolwimi khowudi ikhadi umthwalo okhethekileyo. Iinkqubo eziliqela abhalwa wazalwa Ada theory lokuprograma.

A computer namhlanje igcinwe zonke izinto ezinkulu amacandelo Babbage computer. Kamsinya nje ukusetyenziswa transistors kunye semiconductors nokwanda ezingenakuphela nemveliso nokubonelela kulula ukuyisebenzisa.

Ngoko ke impendulo yombuzo "Yintoni na ikhompyutha?" kuphakamisa ichibi elikhulu zeziganeko zembali kunye ezobuchwepheshe ezithe bavela iingqalutye elwandle superconductors.