Yintoni i data? iindidi zedata

Data - iintlobo- ntlobo zolwazi, systematized yi ezithile iparameters ngokusebenzisa ifomu. Yintoni i data? Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku konke nakubalwa, nokuba ukushwankathela, ngoku ngohlobo ngolandelelwano oluthile okanye isethi ifomula okanye ibinzana yamanani. Yiyo loo inkcazelo ethile nakwinkalo yesifundo, leyo abekwe ngokomfuziselo okanye matrix.

isicelo

EyamKelekileyo ukunika iindidi zedata esisiseko ngokusekelwe babo imilinganiselo iimpawu (semantics) kunye imisebenzi leyo inokwenziwa nabo. I kusetyenziswa kakhulu ngokwamanani data, imali, umlinganiswa, ixesha nomhla.

Base: definition kunye nembali

Database (DB) - iseti ze data ezaziququzelelwe intsebenziswano kangangoko kwaye afumane ufikelelo olukhawulezileyo kubo. Le nkqubo ivumela umsebenzisi ukusebenza ininzi kakhulu kwezibonelelo ulwazi, bachithe ubuncinane ixesha kunye nomgudu. Base - into esoloko itshintsha isimo yayo ngokubhekiselele data wangena. Uncedo ibalulekileyo sisiseko yokuba xa ukusebenza ngolwazi Andiceli ukuba lo mbuzo, yintoni na data, yaye yintoni ukuze kufuneka ufakwe? Yonke imithombo yolwazi, kuqaliswa kwi computer, lusasazwe ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye systematized kwiziko ledatha. Ukuvela ekunokuthiwa-1955, xa sele sifundile ukuba ukuqhubekekisa data kanye kwifayile imodeli ofakwe uze uwugcine kubo amakhadi umthwalo.

Iindidi zolwazi kunye nemisebenzi yazo

Yolwazi ndawonye yaza yasasazwa. Le database esembindini na isakhiwo umbutho omnye, ukufikelela apho sitsho yayo nayiphi na ikhompyutha. database Distributed wenziwa amacandelo saa agcinwe koomatshini ezahlukeneyo kwi-network. Olu lwazi idityaniswe nenkqubo yolawulo okhethekileyo.

esisiseko kwakhona ayahluka indawo, yaye lengingqi okanye kwi-networked. Njengendawo yokugcina ulwazi usebenzisa imemori yangaphandle (hard disk), okanye enombala iseva memory akwazi.

Nayiphi na imisebenzi data yenziwa ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zolawulo - iinkqubo ezizodwa. Abawenza la manyathelo alandelayo:

• ukwakha uvimba;
• isiqulatho;
• indawo yokugcina;
• ukhuseleko ukufikelela kwidatha;
• movement data kunye nonxibelelwano lwabo kunye nezinye iinkqubo;
• ukulungisa;
• ukucinga;
• ukuyilwa lokugqibela ngeempendulo ukuya izicelo.

ukusebenza lula nayiphi na inkqubo yolawulo angamelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ukudaleka ledatha elitsha - entry data nokuhlela - processing of iinkcukacha kwiziko ledatha (oko kukuthi data, data ekhoyo kwi isiseko, njengoko kubekwa ngokwamaqela) - iimveliso.

Isakhiwo data table

Ukuze ukugcina ulwazi kwidathabheyisi itheyibhile data ezisetyenzisiweyo. Loo isakhiwo kuyimfuneko ukumisela idilesi i data kwisiseko sedata, oko eveliswa yi kuhlangana lwemiqolo nemihlathi kwitheyibhile. Ubume Idathabheyisi amasimi elikhankanyiweyo (imihlathi), kwaye umxholo - entries (imiqolo).

Yintoni i data? Ngaba izinto ngezinto singamiswa endaweni kwiinkalo ezithile. Fields zidalwe ziintlobo ezithile ze data: Umhla kunye nexesha, integers, iiyunithi emali, iimpawu. endle ngamnye iipropati yaso leyo ixhomekeke kuhlobo data igalelo, imisebenzi leyo inokwenziwa nawo, yaye inani loonobumba igalelo. Field ungakhankanya igama kunye utyikityo, ubude, kunye nezinye iimfundiso. Ngenxa yolwazi Inkqubo yomsebenzi ledatha ubugcisa bale mihla iye ngokukhawuleza kwaye lula, kunye nezixhobo ze-elektroniki zinto ezo benza lo msebenzi, bathenga nenkangeleko compact kwaye ifumaneke kwinkqubo yolawulo nganye.

Siyathemba ukuba ingcaciso enikwe kweli nqaku liza kuba luncedo.