Womzobo "I angalinganiyo Marriage" Pukirev: imbali kunye nenkcazo

Phakathi kwinkulungwane XIX eRashiya yabalasela ukuvela ekuthiwa-umtshakazi-Dowry. Iintsapho kunye imali avareji amaxesha ngamaxesha uzive imfuneko, imali akusoloko ngokwaneleyo kuse izidingo. Abantwana abakhula ngelo xesha, iyakhula umyinge, kwaye ibhajethi ntsapho ayizange ukuthobela. iintsapho nzima ayehlala, apho kwakukho iintombi eziliqela, kuba zonke intombazana efuna ukunxiba kakuhle, yaye zibiza imali eninzi kakhulu.

Ngokuchasene nentsukaphi ubomi sifo kwavela iingxaki zosapho, ekugqibeleni, abazali baqalisa ukufuna indlela yokuphuma kule meko. nyaka-elinesibhozo intombi-ubuhle, njengoko umthetho, Wayengqongwe fans Abaxhobele ukuthatha unonophelo de atshate. Baba dandies becala abatsha data elungileyo zangaphandle, kodwa akukho ivuma. Abazali bakhe bazama ukufumana azilungise kuye zityeba, nomtshakazi ngokwakhe wayesazi ukuba indoda yakhe ukuhlawula amatyala akufuneki. Noko ke, kwadlula ixesha ngokukhawuleza, amantombazana amaninzi yobudala lokutshata ababanga nako ukufumana ulonwabo wahlala engatshatanga. Abakhwenyana wayengekho ngokwaneleyo, abo babenako ukwenza iqela intombazana onesidima, zazinqabile kubo Alwa ukuzingela ngokwenene.

Umtshato lula

Musa njalo eganelwe indoda umfana amahle ezikhuselekileyo, ngokufuthi ukuphoxeka kwenzeka kwiiveki zokuqala ukuthandana. Kwaye ke saya phambi komakoti amakhulu odidi, ukulungele ukuba akhokele ngomphi intombi unsophisticated. ixhego asixhenxe, nto uyakhathazeka, wooed, thethwana nabazali banyusa isityhwentywe amangalisayo. Kakade ke, ubuhle oselula nako ukwamkela ntuthuko umntu omdala owalupheleyo, kodwa abazali bakhe ziyakhawuleza uku-odola ilokhwe yomtshato. Kulo mzekelo, unina wathi intombi yakhe: "Ngaba uza kutshata, ixesha ... Kunoko, kufuneka ukuze siphile." Oku kwalandelwa ndingalali ebusuku, iinyembezi girlish, izibongozo, kodwa abazali baba ngenkani. Amaxesha amaninzi intombazana wazama ukuzibulala, kodwa makangendeli kwindoda endala, zimthiye.

Womzobo "I angalinganiyo Marriage": Imbali

Ngowe-1863 e Moscow umbukiso academic thaca umsebenzi igcisa oselula Vasiliya Pukireva, nto leyo wadala yezigcawu. Womzobo "I angalinganiyo Marriage" sanikezelwa yesihloko kwemitshato ngenkani kuluntu Russian ngelo xesha. Noko ke, ngengqiqo yentlalo-ngokwasengqondweni, ingxaki zange sele sibonile, ubunzima kuphela umtshakazi, azilungise ukuxhatshazwa ezithiyekileyo leyo kwafuneka anyamezele. inzala yezimali, umnqweno ku tirhisa into elungileyo abazali kwanyanzeleka ukuba esichengeni izinto intombi yakhe. Umbhali womzobo "I angalinganiyo Marriage" wayekhalazela ngorhwebo yoluntu Russian. iinjengele abadala abaye ukukhangela ngokusondeleyo kakhulu ngokwabo umtshakazi entsha ukuzikhusela waqala enye kwenye, ukuba umtshato wakhe.

wedding

Womzobo "I angalinganiyo Marriage", inkcazelo ethi nolwazi abalinganiswa ngokweenkcukacha, ibonisa isiganeko lomtshato eCaweni Orthodox. Twilight mboni isibingelelo kancinci saa ukukhanya evela window. Ngokubanzi, umfanekiso "I angalinganiyo Marriage" osinika uluvo nathemba. Embindini umyeni ixhego, enxibe i isuti eninzi, kunye aphakamise nemvelo, exhaswa corset tight. INtloko okumenza ajike, engena ikhola phezulu, amehlo buthuntu ngokuqwayinga ngeenxa zonke ngeenxa zonke, esifubeni ekhazimlayo imbasa ukuya IMbasa entanyeni. La mabhaso ezingafanelekanga ngokucacileyo ukuba umtshato ecaweni. Le ndoda endala uzama ukujonga nokuphakama lomtshakazi wakhe elikwinqanaba ngokubanzi, kodwa ke ulusizana, nangona ndizama ukugcina iindevu abantamo.

Kunzima ukuqonda kwingcingane lamagorha owalupheleyo, kuba, mhlawumbi, yaye kwaba kanye intombi efuna ukutshata kakuhle. Emva kwakhe ubomi obude, apho kwakukho eninzi elungileyo nawuphi na umntu. Ngaphi lo kukutyeba, callousness malunga nokudala intsha?

umakoti

Umlinganiswa kakhulu okuphawulekayo umfanekiso - intombazana eselula - ezibhalwe wegcisa ngenyameko. Umtshakazi - yayisathe umntwana, kunye nentloko baguqa, ayifiki zibambe ngeenyembezi krakra kakhulu ebomini bakhe namhla. ubuso Gentle kungathi curls zigwangqa amakhandlela khunubembe kruthu ingalo labantwana, le drip wax ilokhwe yomtshato yakhe. kakhulu umkhwenyana Inzondo, eziva umphefumlo phambi utyiwa wakhe sentombazana. ingalo yakhe sokunene bulukwe umbingeleli, lowo ubeza ukwambatha nangomnwe obhityileyo iringi yomtshato. UMtshakazi lingenandaba, yena akazinanze isiphelo yakhe. Enxibe ilokhwe yomtshato, yena amadini ngenxa ezilungileyo intsapho yakhe, ngoku ngubani na ukuphila nempumelelo.

umfundisi

Umbingeleli kulo mfanekiso ubonisa nesifombo elahlekileyo, ngathi kufuneka enze umsebenzi ngongenambulelo. Ukhangela ukuba niyigxeleshe, ukuma ixesha, nemvelo, yakhe ingubo yokwaleka ezimfakamfele, bristling. Xa isandla sakhe sasekhohlo wayityhila incwadi ibandla, lo iringi yomtshato elungileyo ska, abawabelwa nguElazare umbingeleli ilungele ukwambatha ngomnwe umtshakazi lowo. Mhlawumbi, yena kanye wazala intombi, apho umntu wazama ukwaphula ubomi. Umbingeleli Edidekile, kodwa umsebenzi wakhe, ukulungele ukuzalisekisa ukuya ekupheleni.

Schafer nabanye abakhoyo

Le ukupeyinta, ukongeza umtshakazi nomyeni, ekuthethwa eziliqela. Unobangela ngasemva umtshakazi lo mntu ilungileyo kunye buttonhole phezu ibheji ingubo yakhe, waba yindoda humorless, nexhala. iziganeko nemvelo izinto ezenzeka phantsi Iingqameko zebandla, umfana besilwa. Ecaleni kwakhe kumi indoda, ekubonakala, diki kakhulu ukuba kwenzeka ntoni. Zonke ezinye abalinganiswa eboniswe umfanekiso, kuba abahlobo esisondeleyo umyeni, ekukhoyo kuzo igosa, ohlanganisa zamajoni eziliqela.

"Kuba," yaye "nxamnye"

A umgxeki ezaziwayo-kakuhle art, mbali, Vladimir Vasilevich Stasov wabona blade Pukirev, wathi: "Ekugqibeleni, bekukho umsebenzi yesihloko imini, ezithatyathwe kanye ezinzulwini yobomi bale mihla."

Nangona kunjalo, uluvo lwakhe olungafaniyo bonke. Le artist ndafumana iintshaba abaqala baningcikiva ngenxa ukufunda ngokwaneleyo nzulu ngalo mba. Kumaphephandaba uye waphakamisa nokulatyuza imbambano malunga ngendalo Pukirev sana. Ekugqibeleni wavuma ukuba wadala ukupeyinta, sanga singabamiselwe impumelelo. Utyhila sebali ushiya akekho ngabandayo. ukupeyinta Virtuoso, iphatheni edityanisiweyo, aziwa iimpawu ngokwasengqondweni lomlinganiswa nganye - konke oku iye yaphakamisa ixabiso yokuluka womzobo ukuba ukuphakama ibonwe. ERashiya, artist omtsha aneziphiwo - Vasily Pukirev ( "angalinganiyo Marriage"). Inkcazelo mfanekiso, olwalo uhlalutyo, ngokoluvo abagxeki ukuvumela ukuba ukugqiba imbonakalo kwangethuba a wobugcisa. uluntu Russian ukulungele ukuba zihluthe imitshato okubi kwabo.

Umtshato ukungalingani! Intlungu nokubandezeleka, wonakalelwa ngumphefumlo intombi ethe-ethe. Bangaphi waqamba iingoma intsomi malunga bayahlelwa Dowry, isabelo ekrakra yabafazi eziqhelekileyo Russian. Izihloko intlekele ubuntoni eminye imisebenzi yobugcisa kunye noncwadi, ezifana umdlalo A. N. Ostrovskogo "Poor uMtshakazi" picture F. Zhuravlev "Ngaphambi isithsaba", V. Makovsky yemizobo "ukuya isithsaba." "Angalinganiyo Marriage", epeyinta Pukirev, alawula kuluhlu. Ngoko ke, lo motif kumtshato lula wangena ubugcisa obubonwayo enza.

ukuqaphela

Womzobo "I angalinganiyo Marriage" yathatyathwa wobugcisa yokudweba, ngenxa yakhe Vasiliya Pukireva wawongwa kwisihloko unjingalwazi yokudweba. uprofesa Academy yenza umntu owabhala umfanekiso omkhulu, kodwa yintoni? Umfanekiso apho kungekho mlilo, akukho ukulwa, akukho imbali yamandulo okanye mihla ... yonke yimincili entsha, umxholo mihla kwamandla imali kunye nesikhundla yombhali, ichazwe ngokucacileyo ngemfano yendoda umfana emi emva umtshakazi. Kodwa ezongezelelweyo kwelo kamva. Emva ke oko kwazeka Pukirev lonke. Le artist wayenza nasekufundiseni, ngempumelelo wadala iqela lamadoda aselula aneziphiwo bazama ukuphuhlisa italente zabo zendalo zikhukula ulwazi namava akhe.

Abaninzi wazibuza ngubani lo igcisa kuboniswe kumfanekiso, xa amarhe eMoscow. Abanye babekholelwa ukuba isiseko sebali wabeka nentlekele yobomi ngomzobi - umtshakazi wakhe, bathi, uye wanikwa indoda esisityebi ubudala. Isiseko yale vekeleke nayiphi na, kodwa olu guqulelo lwe nawe uyithandile. Kwaye njengoko amarhe kufa nzima, ukuba kusungulwe umntu ibali uthando ezingabuyekezekiyo wegcisa ixesha elide ahlala iingqondo Muscovites.

wenza njani ibali

eneneni ukupeyinta "I angalinganiyo Marriage" akazange abe imvelaphi yothando enjalo. Isibakala sokuba Vasiliya Pukireva wayengumhlobo osenyongweni, ngumzobi uPetros Shmelkov utitshala Irestyu yeHlabathi. Wayehlala ubuhlwempu, ngoko ke, usoloko kufuna umsebenzi kunye nemixholo ngemizobo yakhe. Ngamanye amaxesha wakwazi ukufumana tutoring kwezinye sisityebi endlwini. Ezijikelezayo kuluntu eziphakamileyo, ngokuphindaphindiweyo Shmelkov wabukela ekuzimanyeni umtshato yabantu abadala kunye oomolokazana abaselula. Wade wenza uthotho imizobo mbandela, ngethemba kwixesha elizayo yokuzisebenzisa xa bebhala mfanekiso.

umthetho ibandla

Ngowe-1861, ngoFebruwari, i-Sinodi oyiNgcwele wakhupha umyalelo elahla umahluko omkhulu ekwaluphaleni kwi emtshatweni, kuba kwelo xesha zonke umtshato wesibini kwenziwe ngokusekelwe umdla eziphathekayo. Mhlawumbi ke Shmelkov waza wacebisa ukuba umhlobo wakhe isihloko somfanekiso. Pukirev waba nomdla ingcamango waza waqalisa ukusebenza. Ukubonga, wayepeyinta Shmelkova ecaleni le ndoda ilungileyo. Yaye indima impelesi echaza ngokwakhe.

Ukongeza kule Vasiliya Pukireva kunye nomhlobo wakhe Shmelkova, emfanekisweni kukho omnye umlinganiswa ezaziwayo-kakuhle. It Grebenskaya, inkosi ramochnik. Xa ebona lo mfanekiso, ngoko nangoko ebekwe ukuze kube kwisakhelo, "nto leyo akukenzeki." Yajika ngokwenene umsebenzi wobugcisa, ezihonjiswe ngomsonto obumangalisayo entle. Ngaloo ndlela, "The angalinganiyo Marriage" (umfanekiso Pukirev) wafumana isicwangciso befanelekile. Ukususela ngoko, i-Tretyakov Gallery wayalela iiplanga imizobo zokuqokelela Grebenskaya kuphela.

Imisebenzi wegcisa

Ngelo xesha, Vasily Pukirev wasebenza ngempumelelo umhombiso embindini ibandla Emnye oyiNgcwele, edakeni. Bona imifanekiso alithoba lenkundla zadalwa. Ukongeza ubugcisa sacral, igcisa abandakanyeke imifanekiso, wadala uthotho imifanekiso yabantu abaziwayo. Ukongeza, mathathu Pukirev afundiswe Moscow School of Umzobo kunye Umfanekiso.

Kokuwa kunye nokufa umdali

Family artist abanetalente kwaye unento, kodwa ezinye iingxelo ababenikela Praskovya Matveyevna, umfazi umphefumlo ezintle, lowo lathatha kuye indima lomtshakazi ngexesha umsebenzi womzobo "I angalinganiyo Marriage". Declaration of lothando engaphendulekiyo, kwaye igcisa waphila ubomi bakhe bonke yedwa. Oku wadlala indima: ngcembe kwishishini yeyela lutshabalale, le imizobo ezintsha yimfuno lisusiwe. Pukirev waqalisa ukusela ukusuka esikolweni kwafuneka ukuba ahambe. Ngapha - ngakumbi, igcisa ezilahlekileyo indlu, wathengisa yonke impahla yabo baza baqalisa ukuhlala ekuphiweni ngesisa. Abahlobo kunokuba luncedo, kodwa ayenzekanga xesha lide. Kwaye June 1, 1890 Vasily Pukirev wafa yedwa eneminyaka engama-58. Ke wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni Vagankovsky wegcisa eMoscow.

"Angalinganiyo Marriage", ukupeyinta yi Pukirev, ngoku Tretyakov Gallery, akhiwe kule dilesi: Moscow, Lavroushinsky Lane, 10. Le myuziyam ivuliwe imihla ukususela kwiiyure ezili-10 ukuya kwi-18.

"Angalinganiyo Marriage", ukupeyinta, ixabiso

Kwi-Internet uyakwazi ukufumana enomfanekiso naziphi mizobo zobugcisa. Le meko yahlukile neekopi umbhali kwimizobo, okwinqanaba eliphezulu lobungcali, iiyunithi umsebenzi onjalo. On sites ezizodwa ibekwe zombini yokuvelisa ikopi yokuluka. Iindwendwe badla ukubuza umbuzo, ngubani waziqaba "I angalinganiyo Marriage"? Kakade ke, wonk 'ufuna ukwazi okungakumbi malunga ngelaphu kaHomer.

Ivenkile online inika ikopi eyintsusa wobugcisa. Womzobo "I angalinganiyo Marriage", ifoto ethunyelwe phantse iminyango zonke, iiwebhu sayithi kunye neeforam ezinxulumene ukupeyinta, wathengisa 28 000-42 000.

imifanekiso efanayo

Ukongezelela Vasiliya Pukireva wobugcisa, kukho iqela mizobo kwi umxholo kwimitshato kungalingani. Artist imisipres Zhuravlev wabhala ngo-1874 ukupeyinta, eqhubekileyo umxholo ukuhla ukuziphatha eluntwini Russian. Igumbi phezu umtshakazi kumgangatho elila, sele enxibe ilokhwe yomtshato, emi ecaleni ubawo ulula. Bayahlelwa intombazana kutshabalala, emva kwemizuzu embalwa oko kuya kuthatyathwa ibandla kwaye iya kunikwa ngomtshato indoda esisityebi ugly endala. Lo mfanekiso kuthiwa "Ngaphambi kokuba batshate," yena lowo kwi Tretyakov Igalari.

Ngo-1894 i-St Petersburg artist Vladimir Makovsky wazoba "isithsaba" Kwakhona ibonisa umxholo ukuthotywa yokuziphatha yoluntu eRashiya phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-19. Ngomhla ngelaphu ubonisa ngomumo Russian ubuhle, entlizi- yweni, ndayihluthwa naliphi na ithemba lobomi sonwabe. Womzobo kukuba kwi Samara Art Museum.