West Siberian Plain: uphawu

West Siberian gorilla kuthatha indawo malunga nezigidi ezi-3 ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Iquka 1/7 yonke kummandla Russia. Ububanzi amathafa lohlukile. Kumntla ngayo malunga ne-800 km, yaye sifika kumazantsi km 1900.

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West Siberian Plain eyona ndawo inabantu inxalenye eSiberia. On nommandla wayo kukho iindawo eziliqela enkulu, kuba ezifana eOmsk, Tyumen kunye Kurgan naseNovosibirsk kunye Tomsk. Uninzi osvoennost namathafa kuqatshelwe inxalenye yayo esemazantsi.

iimeko zemozulu

Imozulu nasezihlanjeni alawulwa njengezwekazi, zazinzima kakhulu. Ngenxa ubukhulu enkulu West Siberian Plain emantla ukuya ezantsi apha kukho umahluko lwemozulu ebalulekileyo phakathi emazantsi ngasentla. A indima enkulu kuphuhliso lwe imozulu udlala kufutshane Arctic Ocean, kwakunye yethafa akukho miqobo ukuhamba khona umoya ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi, kunye ukudideka kwabo.

Xa ixesha ebandayo phezu emazantsi kwindawo nezihlambo zazo uxinzelelo ephakamileyo livela, ngoxa emantla uwe. Xa khona umoya umda kwasekwa iinkanyamba. Ngenxa yale nto ke, kwimimandla ebekwe kwi elunxwemeni, ubusika zezulu eziguquguqukayo kakhulu. Isantya umoya unako ukufikelela iimitha ezingama-40 ngomzuzwana. Winter kule kucace njengoko West Siberian Plain, zibandakanya ezinzileyo amaqondo obushushu zero, ubuncinane unako ukufikelela -52 ° ^C. Spring ifike emva kwexesha kwaye uphawuleka ukubanda kwaye owomileyo, ukufudumala kwenzeka kuphela ngoMeyi.

Kwiinyanga ezifudumeleyo, izinto zitshintshile. Ngentla Arctic Ocean kwandisa uxinzelelo, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba lonke ihlobo imimoya emantla bevuthela. Kodwa kakhulu buthathaka. Ixesha ishushu phakathi kwemida mmandla, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-West Siberian Plain, ngu Julayi. Ngeli xesha, kwinxalenye esemantla lobushushu eliphezulu ifikelela 21 ^{° C,} yaye South - 40 ^o C. La manqaku aphezulu kwi ezantsi Iyaqondakala into yokuba apha Ulobumba nomda Kazakhstan kunye Central Asia. Oku ukusuka apha eze esotha khona umoya.

nelezihlambo West eSiberia, ukuphakama kwayo iyahluka ukusuka 140 ukuya kuma-250 m, ebonakala ebusika kunye imali encinane ye kwezulu. Ngeli xesha lonyaka owayo milimitha malunga 5-20 kuphela. Yintoni enokuthethwa ngexesha efudumeleyo lonyaka xa umhlaba obegalelwe 70% ye kwezulu ngonyaka.

Kumntla yasezithabazini Isasazeka permafrost. Umhlaba ngumkhenkce ukuya kubunzulu kweemitha 600.

umfula

Ngoko ke, thelekisa West Siberian Plain kunye Central Siberian Plateau. umahluko Strong ngokwaneleyo kukuba mathafa ziguyiwe linani elikhulu yemilambo. Kukho phantse akukho emanzi. Nangona kunjalo, eArabha yemilambo kakhulu. malunga 2 amawaka Kukho. Bonke bephela kunye kunyaka ngamnye negalelo kuLwandle Kara ukuya ku-1200 leekhilomitha cubic metre yamanzi. Esi sivumelwano emangalisayo. Eneneni, ngo nekhilomitha enye cc iqulethe 1 000 000 000 000 (ezigidi) iilitha. Uninzi lwemilambo eSiberia Western ifumana amanzi anyibilike okanye imvula ehlotyeni. Uninzi lwamanzi aphuma phantsi kwayo kuloo nyanga zishushu. Phezu ukwenzeka amanqanaba nobudlelwane emilanjeni ukuba anyuke neemitha ngaphezu kwe-15, yaye ebusika bathe abangafuni kutshintsha kwiindlela ngumkhenkce. Ngenxa yoko, kwisithuba ebandayo idreyini ukuba yi-10% kuphela.

Imilambo yale nxalenye ye eSiberia zahluke kwemisinga kade. Oku kungenxa ngokuma ezimcaba kunye namathambeka ezincinane. Umzekelo, OB 3 amawaka. Km iwela kuphela 90 m. Ngenxa yoko, izinga flow yayo ayikho ngaphezu kwesiqingatha semitha ngomzuzwana.

Lake

Amachibi kulo mmandla ngaphezu imilambo. Kwaye ngamaxesha amaninzi kakhulu. Zingaba malunga nesigidi esinye. Kodwa phantse bonke ubukhulu encinane. Le peculiarity le amachibi wengingqi kukuba uninzi lwabo ezaliswe ngamanzi netyuwa. nobona zesiselo kwentwasahlobo eninzi kunene. Kodwa phezu ehlotyeni ngokuphawulekayo zancitshiswa kangakanani, yaye ukuwa, kwaye shwaka ngokupheleleyo. Ngeli xesha lokugqibela, ngenxa kwemvula, idike kwakhona ezaliswe ngamanzi, abe ngumkhenkce ebusika, kwaye ephinda komjikelo. Oku kwenzeka kuzo zonke izidumbu yamanzi, yaye-ebizwa ngokuba ozerami- "enkungwini", nto leyo abahlala ummandla nezihlambo - i-West Siberian Plain. Yena luphawulwa olunye uhlobo amachibi. Asezikhundleni ukungalingani endalo isiqabu, libe sisigingqi ezahlukeneyo kwakunye nemikhombe.

nezimbuku

Enye inkalo of Western eSiberia ukuba laphula zonke iirekhodi ukuba inani imigxobhozo. Kungenxa ngaphakathi kwimida yasezithabazini iphalale Vasyuganskoye imigxobhozo, aphakathi inkulu kwihlabathi jikelele. Ukunyuka swamping ngenxa isiqulatho ezinkulu zomhlaba nja-. A into okwazi ukubamba amanzi amaninzi, ngenxa yoku, kwaye kukho iindawo "ufile". Kwakhona kukhuthaza ukuyilwa ngengingqi ngokwayo nezimbuku. Plain ngaphandle ngamathontsi akavumeli amanzi uyifince, kwaye kuhlala phantse zokubhala, ungabe kwaye okuthambisa umhlaba.

iindawo zendalo

Ngenxa yokuba Western eSiberia esoluliweyo ngamandla ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi, oko waphawula ukuguquka kwiindawo zendalo. Bona indawo kumathafa emantla ukuya ezinkqantosini, ebuntlangorha zasezantsi. Inxalenye nelezihlambo ithatha indawo kumathafa, ngenxa kwindawo eqhelekileyo emideni yonke kumathafa wasentla. South emathafeni ngcembe ludlulele kumathafa, yaye ngakumbi kummandla lesobolotnyh. I-akhawunti yokugqibela ye-60% yommandla Western eSiberia.

Kukho utshintsho noko esikhawulezileyo kwimimandla emathafeni. Uninzi ezinde eqhelekileyo, kunye Aspen. Ngaphandle kwabo, ehlangana kunye pine laseSiberia. zone emathafeni inywe emi kwindawo kakhulu emazantsi entilini. West Siberian Plain, onesikhundla geographical inxulumene ngqo ukusasazwa imimandla kukwadala iimeko ezithandwa ngokuba lihlahliwe ihlathi nompleyini ibekwe kwi Spits kwentlabathi eliphantsi.

Le ndawo igcwele zasendle. Umzekelo, oku iqulathe malunga 99 iintlobo ezincancisayo. Phakathi kwabo, uboya-zithwele izilwanyana, ezifana iimpungutye, weasels kunye Sable. Kukho abaxhaphaza ezinkulu - amabhere kunye lynx. Kwakhona kwezi iindawo ezininzi iintaka kulo. Amafa zifumaneka ookhetshe, njengokhetshe iinkozi. Kukho iintaka ezidweliswe kwi-Book oluBomvu. Umzekelo, nengwamza emnyama okanye erne.

imithombo yezimbiwa

Thelekisa imeko yendawo ye-West Siberian esesihlanjeni, kunye naluphi na olunye, kwaye kuyacaca ukuba ichazwa ebonaka- kanzulu yokutsala oyile malunga-70%. Ithafa igcwele iidipozithi amalahle. Le ndawo iyonke kwezibonelelo data yesityebi luqikelelwa kwi-2 million ezinyaweni square. km. aphuhliswe kakuhle noshishino wehlathi. Kukhetha komkhulu unikwa ilahle Kemerovo.

enkangala Central Siberia

Xa kuthelekiswa ne West-aseSiberia nelezihlambo Central Siberian Plateau akukho sigutyungelwe nto leyo phezu kwendawo ephakamileyo. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo umlambo ashinyeneyo ngakumbi, nto leyo nayo bondliwa mvula nawawokunyibilika ikhephu. permafrost yonke indawo. Imozulu yethafa kabukhali njengezwekazi, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba, njengoko kwi West Siberian Plain, waphawula kujingajinga kumaqondo obushushu ebusika. I-avareji emantla ifikelela -44 ^{° C,} nakwelasezantsi ka -22 ° ^C Oku okufana ixesha ehlotyeni. Ku Central Plateau ngaphantsi iintlobo zezilwanyana, kodwa kukwakho amabhere, icaribou kunye imivundla. Plateau njengoko Western eSiberia, izityebi kwiinkalo oyile negesi. Ifakwe kule ke ezahlukeneyo esikrwada rock ngetyuwa.