Wamisa Roof House: iintlobo, isakhiwo, izakhi kunye nezixhobo

Ukwakhiwa kophahla linqanam lokugqibela zolwakhiwo nasiphi isakhiwo. Lidlala indima kuphela zobugcisa, kodwa uhombiso ekhaya. Ukuba ugqiba ukuba indawo yakho iya wamisa kophahla, ufanele wazi ukuba uyilo ezinjalo ezintsonkothileyo. Kuxhomekeka imilo kwiziphambuka nga zityekele gable kophahla, hipped okanye aphenduke. Uyilo ezinjalo ukuze ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kakhulu :. Capstan, pyramidal, etsobhileyo, njl Iimeko zemozulu baye pam ixhaphakileyo bamisa zokwakha yesikhumba.

incazelo jikelele

uphahla wamisa ikhuthaza kwakhiwa amanzi emvula nekhephu bunyibilike. Angle kumiselwa engile apho kugutyulelwe ityekele ukuya tye. Ezi zithinteli kunjalo kuba engile esingekho ngaphantsi kwe-5 °,, nokuphuhlisa ngabo apho izabelo ngamnye imo yekona ngqo. Kuxhomekeke sokuyilwa lulonke lweNdlu, imozulu, umphezulu sekugcineni, yaye izinto ekhethiweyo, bamisa kophahla unokuba isixhobo esithile. Umzekelo, ukuba umqulu yinto eninzi imvula isigqubuthelo uphahla ayikho ashinyeneyo kakhulu, le ezithambekileyo kufuneka apholile kwingingqi yakho. Xa yimimoya enamandla ukunciphisa uxinzelelo umphezulu kufuneka olulungelelanisiweyo. Ukuba eyiyo sithathe ithambeka, ngoko uya kukwazi ukunciphisa iindleko iindleko zokwakha kunye nabasebenzi. zokwakha Esinzima ezibiza kakhulu, ngoba ivumela ukusetyenziswa izinto ngobuninzi.

Iintlobo eziphambili uphahla bamisa

kophahla 4-luthi kunxulumene ukuya kwenye iintlobo zoyilo efanayo. Phakathi kwabo simele kubalaselisa Uni, gable, poluvalmovaya, uphahla, angqukuva, etsobhileyo, pyramidal, kunye chetyrehschiptsovuyu. Ishedi yeyona elula imilo, baya kuthabatha amanzi kwicala elinye kuphela. Zisetyenziswa yokugubungela ezincinane izindlu, amanyathelo, izandiso, izakhiwo zethutyana kunye nezakhiwo zorhwebo. Facilities kulo mzekelo akayi kuba indawo yokugcina impahla okanye eluphahleni.

kophahla 2-edluliswa isetyenziswa zokwakha esezantsi avuke. It has a imilo eziziingxande, kunye namalungu ecaleni kuthiwa pediments. Poluvalmovaya uphahla hipped eyahlukileyo ntoni ezithambekileyo ndinqumle yinxalenye gable. Uphahla pyramidal esetyenziswa ngokwemiqathango yendlu ngokumila isikwere okanye imilo yoxande rhoqo.

Design kunye namacandelo aphambili

Uphahla kophahla uphahla kufuneka iimpawu ezimbini, ezizezi - ukukhusela nokuxhasa. Le yokugqibela kuyimfuneko ukuthatha umthwalo bekhephu, umoya kunye nophahla. Ngoncedo lwabo, ubunzima isasazwa phezu kodonga ukuxhasa kwaye ibekwe inkxaso ngokwahlukeneyo. Ngokwenza njalo, lo amandla lweziqalelo umthwalo-zithwele zithiwe thaca iimfuneko kakuhle zingqongqo. Iinkalo eziphambili zezi inkqubo mauerlat kunye truss. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba icebo ibandakanya izinto zokubopha kophahla luthi ngohlobo ezikhaphukhaphu, braces kunye nemiqadi. Ngumkhinkqi oyifunayo kuyafikelelwa ngoncedo le truss.

Mauerlat - ibhari ukuba upha inkxaso imiqadi kophahla eyenziwe ngomthi. Ukusebenzisa le ngxenye asasazwa umthwalo phezu kwendlu. Mauerlat luhlobo babangenagama lwesakhiwo eso. Ukuba ufuna ukwenza uphahla ngengqiqo ezaziwa ilizwi, kufuneka usebenzise amaplanga kunye icala-15 cm. Ixabiso zisezantsi amaplanga yi-10 cm. Inokwenziwa wamisa uphahla izandla DIY ukuba mauerlat isixhobo. Ukuba sele mauerlat, kufuneka zibekwe ecaleni lonke ubude besakhiwo okanye ufake kuphela phantsi umqadi.

Xa usebenzisa ezisekele yeyeqela encinane kwinkqubo manual, inkqubo ingadala prosest. Ukwenzela ukuphepha le ngxaki, faka i grille, apho sakhiwo nemivalo yayo, neentsika zayo, ezikhaphukhaphu. Ukuze wenze ezikhaphukhaphu kunye braces kufuneka ilungise ibhodi 15-sentimitha ubukhulu bawo kufuneka alingane 2.5 cm. Kuyenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa iipleyiti ngomthi, zenziwe iinkuni ngomthi enobubanzi-13 cm okanye ngaphezulu. Mauerlat kufuneka zibekwe phezu umphezulu kwi eludongeni, usinge anolwazi okanye yangaphandle.

Enye yeendima eziphambili - mauerlat

4-wamisa uphahla na mauerlat ekufuneka ibekwe-5 cm kusukwa okanye kufutshane iindawo zangaphandle iindonga. Ukulungisa nodonga kufuneka kwenziwe ngendlela efana hayi ukudala iseyile, nto leyo eya kuba negalelo layisha phezulu ngexesha imimoya. Eyona njalo nje izinto esetyenziselwa amaplanga mauerlat, kodwa ukuba isakhiwo uphahla eyenziwe ngenkcenkce, kunokwenzeka ukuba uthathe ithuba I-beam okanye bar channel.

izixhobo Roof in mauerlat

Ukuba ucinga ukuba yokwenza uphahla amisa kunye mauerlat, kungekabekwa yokugqibela olwenziwe umaleko ngamanzi, nto leyo asebenze izinto zokuxhoma uphahla. Ukususela phezulu emgangathweni imbala , unako ukurhoxisa-40 cm. Wonke 5 m purlins kuphumla phezu kweentsika, apho iziphelo obuncinci vrublyus in sleepers. I-engile phakathi bahambahamba kunye unyawo umqadi kufuneka ube malunga ulingana ° 90. Ukuba isixhobo wamisa uphahla truss umlenze liya kuba lide, ukufakelwa isekela ezongezelelweyo kufuneka wenziwe kuthathelwa ingqalelo inkxaso kwi sleepers. mauerlat link nganye kufuneka itywinwe amakhonkco amabini, nto leyo ibekwe ekuhlaleni yaye efanayo kwixesha elimiselweyo ukuze imiqadi. Kunye kujikelezo kwinkqubo eliseluphahleni ulwakhiwo robust ukuba kuyilwa. Kodwa ziqwempu mauerlat kuvumelekileyo ukuba ibekwe phantsi umqadi.

inkqubo truss izixhobo

4 wamisa Isakhiwo inkxaso kophahla inenkqubo truss, le nto ndiyibhalayo imiqadi, ezikhaphukhaphu ukuthambeka, kwakunye kwezibonda nkqo. Ezisekele zenziwe ngomthi, izinto ezahlukeneyo, yesinyithi okanye isamente. Izinto zokubopha ke iintsika, ezikhaphukhaphu, ezikhaphukhaphu, koko yoyika. Ezisekele uqhagamshele efama.

ukuba irekhodi

inkqubo Truss kufuneka lidibane unxantathu ngenxa ngqongqo kunye nozinzo. Kuba imiqadi angasetyenziswa ngeeplanga ezahlukeneyo cross-candelo, nto leyo umiselwa ubude imiqadi, ixabiso umthwalo ubalwe, yaye umgama phakathi emiqadini. Xa kuziwa uyilo elula, ubukhulu cross-icandelo ziyahluka ukusuka 40x150 ukuya 100x250 mm.

Poluvalmovaya kophahla ngezandla zakhe

Ukuba ugqiba ekubeni ukwakha indlu, bamisa uphahla kunokuba simse, Umahluko yale kuyilo na uphahla poluvalmovaya. Ezi pam ifanele imimandla imithwalo umoya onamandla, njengoko ukukhusela isakhiwo evela emoyeni flow, ukuphelisa le ungabe le gable kunye podduvanie. indawo yokugcina lo yokuqala, oko zingasetyenziswa njenge yokuhlala. Iingcali Siyaleza kwakhona ukuhlala iteknoloji esithile zokwakha. In inyathelo lokuqala kunye kujikelezo uphahla igcwaliswe screed kulo yi ngamnye iisentimitha 120 okanye ngaphantsi imvelaphi inyuselwa stud kabani ubukhulu yi-10 mm. On the zokubopha data skewer bar lwekeyboard, nsinya nati. Oku kuzakuvumela ukuba ukudala mauerlat, emva koko uya ufake inkqubo truss.

Inyathelo elilandelayo liya kuba ufakelo imiqadi ukuthambeka, nto leyo iza kusekelwa phezu kweendonga ebonakalayo. Ukwenzela ukunciphisa umthwalo ngomhla wokugqibela kwezi, kufuneka enze yengxinano yokuqhagamshelana phakathi imiqadi kunye naye. Edge iya kuphumla nxamnye udonga olungaphandle, lo gama kwinxalenye engaphakathi - isekela neendonga angaphakathi.

imiqadi ukulungisa Iveliswe ku umqadi kummango, leyo ilele phezu ngaphezulu. Iza uqhagamshelo inkxaso. Kwi esinqeni imiqadi bya ukuba iphele inkxaso. Bonke abanye kufuneka zigxunyekwe ephakeme. Ukufakelwa phakathi ezisekele kwenziwa kwinqanaba elilandelayo. Inyathelo therebetween kufuneka ilingane Ububanzi yokugquma ubushushu, le parameter yahluka ukusuka cm-60 ukuya kwi-120. Okulandelayo imiqadi umnqamlezo, ukuba zisekwe.

Izixhobo uphahla aphenduke

Xa njengenyathelo lokuqala, ukumisela kuba yintoni na engile utyekelo eluphahleni. Amaxabiso esiPhakathi aphakathi 11 no-60 °. Yonke into iza kuxhomekeka ezintweni esesibhakabhakeni kunye neemathiriyeli isiseko kwendlu, kwakunye ukwakheka zendlu. Kwiindawo emantla ithambeka kufuneka alingane °-40, kunye ikhephu akayi kuhlala phezu kwendlu. Xa yimimoya enamandla i engile ukuthambekela kufuneka elincinci. Xa emathafeni eselunxwemeni iindawo, le parameter ukusuka °-11 ukuya kwezingama-45.

Indlela lomsebenzi ilungiselelo yophahla ivaleleke

Kuba kwiindawo apho yimimoya enamandla bangaya uphahla tyaba, uphahla bamisa kufuneka anikwe tyekelo ethile. Wena ke ukuqhubeka ukuya ekwakhiweni kwenkqubo lophahla. Le nxalenye kophahla inokuba slidably, sijinga okanye naslonnym. Le yokugqibela yeyona elula, imiqadi kufuneka kusekelwe phezu kweendonga umphandle kunye nomqadi central. ubude umqadi inokuba kulingana 4.5 m, kodwa kuphela ukuba mnye-sifuba, kokuxhuma ngenxa yokwanda ubude engamkelekanga.

Eyona nzima kakhulu isixhobo kunye noyilo ukuba imiqadi ezijingayo, ukuba kuyimfuneko, xa kukho imfuneko ukufumana kwindoda enkulu. Bona eqokelelwe emhlabeni kunye ebhokisini zabo, baze emva koko ayanyuka abe phezulu, ngokusekelwe kwinkxaso obukhulu. Emva ebhokisini wayebethelelwe zilala phezu imbala, enika isakhiwo a amandla ephakamileyo. Kuba truss inkqubo leyo ephucula imivalo uphahla elihlolwa ngcono ezisetyenziswa kwicandelo 30x150 mm. Umgama phakathi imiqadi ibe 80 cm.

Ithambeka kufuneka ihlawulwe kwi inxalenye esezantsi emoyeni. Inani nocamba inkxaso ukuba enye, kwaye ngemiqadi kubekwa unyawo kufuneka ibe unxantathu. Ezisekele zibekwe kwelinye icala ukuya mauerlat slot, lo gama enye isiphelo kufuneka ufake iplanga ngezikhonkwane isileyiti. Ukuphucula ukuthembeka retaining wire. Mauerlat kuba bengafuni ebotshelelwe eludongeni okanye esisigxina elide iibholiti ankile.

iingcebiso abaziingcali for flat device uphahla

Inyathelo elilandelayo liya kuba imveliso sheathing of iibhodi uncwelwe, ezo kusingathwa iyawulwa umlilo kwaye ukufuma umqobo izinto. zicwangciswe IiBhodi aa Incopho imiqadi, umgama phakathi kwabo akufuneki ube ngaphezu kwe-15 cm. Imiqadi kufuneka isetyenziselwe weMahalati square kunye kwicala-50 mm. Okulandelayo, kufanelekile, umphunga, kwaye zigxunyekwe ikreyiti izikhonkwane encinane umnqwazi ngokubanzi. ZifunwaEzokugqibela zidweliselwe amaxesha indawo kunye ezityiwa umpu kutyiwa. Oku akuyi kuphela kukhawulezisa ngexesha lomsebenzi, kodwa ukwandisa ubomi emiqadini.

Kwinqanaba elilandelayo zichazwe yokwambathisa zingangenwa ikude kule yokugqibela apho maxabiso unwound perpendicularly ukuya emiqadini. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba band elandelayo esilala ezidlulileyo, kwaye amalungu kufuneka uphawu.

isiphelo

iinkqubo Truss, leyo lukwa yinxalenye uphahla wamisa, unako wakhiwe yophahla, truss ngentambo phezulu ngeemilo ezintsonkothileyo, isikere truss okanye ifama ezimbini. Njengento ephambili kwinkqubo kophahla iinyawo, apho asebenze inkxaso weMahalati. Bona ibekwe ecaleni ethambekeni kophahla.

Ithambeka kakhulu zifanelekileyo ivaleleke bath uphahla, ufuna ukufihla izinto nophahla, loo nto ithathwa sisalathisi °-10 ukuya kwi-15. Kulo daka maleko-ezimbini Kwanele umaleko engaphandle kunye yophahla ngxabano. Kodwa ukuyilwa kwenkqubo kophahla kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo imilinganiselo yokwakha. Ukuba ukuba ubungakanani enkulu, isakhiwo kufuneka zincediswa kwezibonda kunye kwesibeleko.