Uphuhliso kubantwana abaneminyaka 3-4: omsebenzi osemqoka, imigangatho, iinkqubo kunye nobuchule

Usuku emva kosuku umntwana kuya clever ngakumbi. Uyazi lukhulu wazi njani. Emva konyaka, enkosi izakhono ukuhamba, wonke umhlaba ukuze umntwana uba ifikeleleke ngakumbi yaye umdla. Umntwana oneminyaka emibini unokuba ukunceda umama wam, yodwa, ukuba babeke phezu izinto ezimbalwa ngaphezulu. Yaye kwenzeka ntoni emva koko? Ingaba uphuhliso lwabantwana kweminyaka 3-4?

Seminyaka emithathu-abadala amancinci

Kule minyaka, umntwana ukulungele namakhono kufuna ukuququzelelwa elungileyo zeentshukumo. Umzekelo, unako ukufundisa ukuba ukukhwela ibhayisikile enamavili, Ukuskiya kunye skating, ukufunda ukudada, ukudlala ibhola. iqola ingqondo abantwana emi-3 ubudala kwaye ifuna imisebenzi enzima kangangoko iinkcukacha ezikhoyo kunokwenzeka ubudala.

Iimpawu zophuhliso lwabantwana engama-3 ezinxulumene ukukhutshwa oomama ukuba ukusebenza ukutyelela sabaqalayo, kwakunye njenge "lunengxaki iminyaka emithathu." Nangona kunjalo, eli xesha ukuzalwa liphupha kunye self-ulwazi ubuntu. Umntwana ufuna ukubonisa ukuba abadala kunye ngenzondelelo kakhulu nokukhusela uluvo lwabo. iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zezi ngobungqola, Ngokuzithandela, nokwala. Itakane uyala ukutya, ukulala, ekucoceni emva kwabo, basoloko nomsindo. Lawula ukubonisa iimvakalelo umntwana akakwazi, yaye ngoko ke ophethwe ezingaphezu ekubonakalisweni zabo.

Enkulisa unefuthe kuphuhliso lwabantwana iminyaka emi-3 ubudala. Umntwana unyanzelekile ukuba baziqhelanise neemfuno zootitshala, ukuthobela ukuba ngqongqo egqiba kwaye ukuseka ubudlelwane nabanye abantwana. Ngoko ke, lo msebenzi lwabazali - ukufumana i "indawo ephakathi 'ngamadlelane kunye kwimfundo yabantwana babo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo umthwalo entsonkothileyo nasengqondweni.

Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka 4

Ngokusekelwe kwi-avareji oko umntwana kufuneka bakwazi abakule minyaka yobudala, ezi zakhono zilandelayo:

1. Wabiza zejometri manani uze uzithelekise kunye elijikelezileyo izinto.
2. Ukunika igama izinto nokuchonga abo ngokwamaqela (ifanitshala, izilwanyana, izithuthi, njalo njalo).
3. Yazi iimpawu ezithile imisebenzi.
4. Ukuze ukwazi ukukhangela kwisithuba (ukwahlula phakathi "ekunene", "ekhohlo", "phambi", njalo njalo).
5. Ukuze bakwazi ukuthelekisa izinto kwixabiso parameters.
6. Ukuze ukwazi ukupeyinta imifanekiso ngaphandle kokuya phezu komgca.
7. Ukumisela inani yanyamalala sifundo.
8. Uphuhliso intetho kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-4 ubudala sele ukucengceleza okuqulethwe iintsomi.
9. Ukumisela onyaka, iintsuku, kananjalo ukwahlula phakathi kweziganeko zemozulu.
10. Ukuze ukwazi ukwenza inkcazo yesifundo kwezindululo ezininzi.

Ulwazi ngaphezulu avareji kunye nezakhono. Abanye abantwana ezi zakhono sele phambi kokuba abulawe kwiminyaka emine, umntu kamva, kodwa zonke zabo eqhelekileyo.

imisebenzi Educational ekhaya

Uphuhliso lwabantwana iminyaka emi-3 ubudala kunye nemithambo ukuphucula izakhono ezintle and gross motor. Ngenxa lo msebenzi kwenzeka ukuyilwa ngempumelelo ebuchotsheni. Umzekelo ifanelekileyo umthambo exonxiweyo. Ukufundisa umntwana ukwenza iibhola kunye ayi, uyakwazi ukwenza izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo nasiphina isihloko. Umzekelo, iziqhamo imfama kunye nemifuno, nto leyo eya kunceda ukubethelela ulwazi malunga ngazo, kwakunye nokuphuhlisa iminwe. Umntwana leminyaka emi-3 aya kukuvuyela ziwise izinto ezingaphakathi kwisikhongozeli, okanye kubafumana iinkozo ndawonye nobambe ibhola, ipasta, imbewu.

Ukuba umntwana sele uthetha kakuhle, ungakwazi ukuthatha inkcazelo yakhe yomfanekiso iincwadi namaphephancwadi. Le ndlela yasetyenziswa ngomhla uhambe ngempumelelo. Ngokomzekelo, ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha ngokubuza, "ntoni Malume?", "Yintoni obulawulwa anti wakhe? njani ndiye phi? "Lo mntwana linovuyo inxaxheba imidlalo indima-idlala. Umzekelo, ninoyolo ukuba ukulala ibhere, uya kuba eso esimakhi wakha inyango, okanye abe weenwele kwaye wenze doll iinwele. Uphuhliso Ulwimi abantwana iminyaka emi-3 ukuya ngesantya sabo, kodwa abazali bayakwazi kukukhawulezisa oko.

imisebenzi Educational ekhaya umntwana oneminyaka emine ubudala

Ubuchule yokubumba nokuzoba esintsonkothileyo. Kwabantwana ukufunda ukuzoba amanani, ukulandelela aya womfanekiso, ukusebenza kunye istensile. Ukongezelela usebenzisa yokudlala lodongwe apho ukudala sisincoko ngezihloko ezahlukeneyo. Kuba izicelo kid sele ube ngumnikazi ukusika iimilo ezinqwenelekayo.

Uphuhliso umntwana engama-4 kunye imisebenzi elula yezibalo - ukudibanisa nokuthabatha. Kuba nokwenziwa ngcono ngokusebenzisa imidlalo, izinti, iminwe, oko kukuthi, zonke iindlela kusondele. Uphuhliso Ulwimi abantwana abaneminyaka emi-4 ubudala kunye umthambo kwi nokucengceleza samalunga.

inkqubo yophuhliso umntwana ongaphantsi kweminyaka 3-4

Abanye abazali bakhetha ukusebenza kunye nabantwana babo phezu sicwangciso, kunokuba simahla-style. inkqubo Standard luphuhlisa imisebenzi kwesi sigaba sexesha ibandakanya ezi zinto zilandelayo:

1. Uqheliso lomsebenzi ukwenzela uphuhliso kwenkcubeko isandi zentetho.
2. ukufunda izakhono.
3. Nolwazi kunye nokusingqongileyo.
4. Iiklasi creative (umzobo, umzekelo, isicelo).
5. imisebenzi zezibalo.
6. uphuhliso Musical.

Makhe sihlole inyathelo ngalinye ngokweenkcukacha.

Culture sound

Kule ndawo, baby zibonisa, indlela ukubiza izandi ezithile. Kufuphi kwiminyaka 4 lokubhala yeemfundiso oonobumba yokubhala. Kakade ke, iingxelo azicacacanga, kodwa imisebenzi enjalo igalelo kuphuhliso lwezakhono motor ecikizekileyo kunye nomsebenzi ngesandla. Le nkqubo ibandakanya sokuthetha imisebenzi ukuba nzima kakhulu ngakumbi. Abantwana ngentloko imibongo emininzi, izicengcelezo nursery, iingoma, ngaleyo ndlela ekwandiseni isigama kunye nokubethelela ubunakho intetho.

Isifundo zehlabathi

Le mithambo ijoliswe ukufunda ngendalo, wabagagamela umahluko onyaka kunye neempawu zokusingqongileyo. Umzekelo, ukubukela iintaka ndawonye ekwindla, lo mntwana kule nxalenye ukubaleka kwabo ukuya climes ezifudumeleyo njengomnye imiqondiso yexesha lonyaka ngongoma. Okunxuseneyo ukwazisa amagama neentaka aphaphazele aye climes ezifudumeleyo, yaye ezo zisaseleyo ubusika. Xa sigcina imozulu besebenzisa izichazi ezahlukileyo kunye nezenzi, ngaloo ndlela ekwandiseni intetho lomntwana. Umzekelo, esitratweni kunokuba lemvula, kuyatshisa, umoya, kunye Imvula drizzling, iyagquma kumthulula. Ukubethwa, sinikela ingqalelo imithi namatyholo, imbonakalo yazo, igama. ngezandla ezahlukeneyo ezenziwe ngezinto zendalo. Kangangeminyaka 4 umntwana kufuneka sele ngokuba imibala zamabanga eminye imibala, ukufumana kwabo izinto ezibangqongileyo. Kubalulekile ukuba banikele ingqalelo imithetho yendlela. Uphuhliso kubantwana abaneminyaka 3-4 ezikhundleni luhamba ngesantya esincomekayo. Umntwana ufunda ulwazi elungileyo, ingakumbi ukuba iyaxhaswa yi imizekelo ehlabathini.

elingokufundiswa kwemathematika

Xa ndandineminyaka engama emithathu umntwana ubudala uvela ngempumelelo iimilo zejiyometri kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Iminyaka 4 yengqesho eziyintsinda, umntwana wam uyakwazi izinto iqela kwiintlobo ngeentlobo iimpawu zangaphandle (umbala, ubukhulu). Lo mntwana ufunda ingqikelelo "ngaphantsi kune", "mkhulu", "zilingana" ukuya indlela ngcono. Well ubale ukuya kwemithathu. Uphuhliso zezibalo komntwana kwiminyaka 4 wabonakaliswa ukukwazi ukwenza akhawunti esisiseko imisebenzi. Eyona ndlela iphambili lwendawo Kulula ukuziqeqeshela emdlalweni, umzekelo, ukufihla into yokudlala kwaye anike neengcebiso ( "Yiya phambili, ajike ngasekhohlo ..."). Xa wayeneminyaka emine umntwana akwazi ukufumanisa ukuba uqala ngaphambi koko kamva. Umzekelo, i-yokuqala ekuseni emva imini, ubusuku nemini elandelayo.

uphuhliso intetho

kwiminyaka 3 umntwana akwazi ukukhumbula imibongo ezincinane, zicula. Abazali bafundisa zamagama, walungisa isandla kule ncwadi. Vala ukuya kwiminyaka emine, ungaqalisa ukufunda amalungu, ngowokuqala ukuzama ukufunda iincwadi ezilula. Xa eli phakade, umntwana ufunda iintsonkotha, izaci nezafobe.

Ngesiqhelo Uphuhliso sentetho abantwana abangama-4 seminyaka ubudala ibonakala phantsi ekungeneni 5-6 magama. Umntwana njalo abuze imibuzo: "Kutheni?", "Wenze njani" zonke umdla bonke kufuneka ukwazi. Ukuze uphuhliso ulwimi kubantwana abaneminyaka 3-4 inkqubela ngokukhawuleza, abazali kufuneka baphendule yonke imibuzo womntwana, kodwa ulwimi afikeleleke kuye.

Development ngokusebenzisa bobuchule zomculo izixhobo

Xa wayeneminyaka emine umntwana bazobe inani izixhobo. Ukuba seminyaka emithathu ubudala uvakalelwa ngokucacileyo umda umzobo, amazibulo sele uzama ukuba ugqithisayo, usebenzisa iintlobo imibala. Amanani ale isicelo umntwana yiminyaka-4 ubudala sele unako kungacentwa, kuncanyatheliswe ukuba ekwakhiweni isambuku. Umntwana seminyaka emithathu-sculpts iibhola kunye ayi, yaye kamva ngonyaka ikwazi kokuxhuma iintonga lo msesane, ukudala iimilo engaqhelekanga, sifunda zamaqhawe kwamagorha. Kwiminyaka emithathu, iqalisa ngenkuthalo kubonakale ngqondweni, ukuya kwiminyaka emine iye ezihlanganiswe manani kunye imidlalo yokudlala.

Njengoko yophuhliso somculo, kubalulekile ukufunda ukuphulaphula umculo ukuchaza uhlobo yayo (buhlungu okanye bechwayitile, ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokucotha). Kuyimfuneko ukuxhasa umnqweno yenzala ukucula kunye umdaniso. Unako uqhelane kunye nezixhobo zomculo kwaye izandi abazenzayo, kwakunye umahluko isandi somculo.

Techniques for Development of Children

Kukho ezahlukeneyo ngeenkalo copyright ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso iiklasi. Abazali abaninzi bayathandabuza lulutho beemvavanyo asakhasayo, ekhala ukuba yingozi, kuba iya kufundiswa egadini kunye esikolweni. Ke lonke ulwazi, ngokukodwa nezifumaneka unobtrusively, ngexesha lomdlalo, akuyi kuba akufuneki. Cinga ubuchule ngoyena usetyenziswa rhoqo ukwenzela uphuhliso lwabantwana:

1. Programme Nikitin. Umthetho Undoqo ukusebenza ngokwale ndlela, kuqala, inkululeko eklasini. Abantwana zivumelekile umdlalo mda kunye nesifundo ezimnandi okanye umdlalo, edibanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo. Okwesibini, indlu kufuneka ibe yindawo ezemidlalo, ugxininise lukhuni. Okwesithathu, abazali kufuneka babandakanyeke imidlalo zabantwana, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ebomini bomntwana. Awunako ukubeka uxinzelelo phezu abantwana, yaye zikhokelwe ngumnqweno wabo lwesenzi. Ootitshala igxile "phambili-ekhangela" iimeko zophuhliso.
2. Ubuchule Maria Montessori. Intsingiselo yawo engundoqo katitshala - ukuba ndimvuse umdla womntwana xa kumanyathelo zesifundo, kunokuba amandla. Nkqubo isekelwe kwindlela ngamnye ukuya amavumba. kukhokelwa kucwangciso lwemisebenzi ukuba umntwana wakho uthanda yaye yintoni na. Umntwana owenza umthambo ngokwabo, maxa wambi abhenele Ngoncedo lukatitshala.
3. Iindlela Glenn Doman. Indima ebalulekileyo katitshala uphuculo ebonakalayo lo mntwana, ngaphandle apho, ngokwembono yakhe, "akukho ingqondo kuphuhliswa." Uphuhliso Speech abantwana kweminyaka 3-4 uqala kunye noqeqesha iseti amakhadi abhalwe amazwi ngokupheleleyo. Baby for ixesha elifutshane, bonisa iseti amakhadi, kwawo ebhaliweyo. akhawunti Skills baby esilela ngamakhadi apho izixa ezahlukeneyo izinto zime. Kulo mzekelo, kufuneka ubize inani amanqaku, ukutshintsha ikhadi ngokukhawuleza. Ngendlela efanayo umntwana uqhelene ulwazi ngobugcisa, imbali, umculo njalo njalo.

Ukhetho ndlela isekelwe kunye nabazali. Uphuhliso kubantwana abaneminyaka 3-4, njalo luhambisana inani elikhulu lemibuzo kunye ukwazi. Abazali awunamatheli isicwangciso article eklasini. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukuba umthombo open kolwazi umntwana, kwakunye bathathe inxaxheba ebomini bakhe.