Umsebenzi kunye nesakhiwo zegazi

Zegazi, leyo eyenzelwe ukujongana ukopha ngesiquphe, ebizwa neeplatelets. Bandisa ezindaweni onakalise nayiphi na imithambo yegazi ucingo kwabo iplagi okhethekileyo.

plates imbonakalo

isakhiwo zegazi ingabonwa phantsi ngemicroscope. Zibonakala njenge disc, netoti eyahlukileyo kuleyo microns-2 ukuya ku-5. Umthamo ngamnye kubo malunga 5-10 microns ^3.

Kubume bayo, le IiPlatelets ingxubevange. Yena bubonakaliswe inkqubo microtubule, iinwebu, organelles kunye microfilaments. ubuchwepheshe bale mihla ukuvumela ukuyinqumla kwipleyiti twa-eagled ibe ngamaqela amabini kwaye ukwaba kuyo iqela lwemimandla. Oko bakwazi ukuchonga iimpawu ubume zegazi ngayo. ipleyiti nganye iqulathe lamanqanaba ezininzi: ummandla peripheral, Sol-gel, organelles intracellular. ngasinye Baye umsebenzi zabo kunye nenjongo.

zangaphandle

Le ndawo neuropathy iqulathe inwebu umaleko ezintathu. isakhiwo zegazi yokuba kwicala elingaphandle kwayo izaleko equlethe imiba plasmatic linoxanduva ekunqandeni ukopha, receptors ezithile kunye nee-enzayim. ubukhulu layo lingaphantsi kwe-50 NM. Ezenza lo maleko zegazi inoxanduva ukusebenza ezi seli kunye namandla azo ngenxa adhesion (ukubambelela subendothelium) kunye udibaniso (namathuba ezihambelanayo).

Kwakhona, i inwebu phospholipid liquka ngumba ekhethekileyo-3 okanye ekuthiwa-matrix. Le nxalenye inoxanduva ukuze kwakhiwe izakhiwo coagulation esebenzayo kunye zinto plasma onoxanduva ekunqandeni igazi.

Ngaphezu koko, akukho CD. Lo yinxenye ebalulekileyo phospholipase A. Ukuba iba esiti efunekayo ukuze Yindibanisela prostaglandins. Nabo ke, zenzelwe ukuba kwakhiwe thromboxane _A-2, nto leyo efunekayo ukuze esinamandla zegazi udibaniso.

glycoproteins

isakhiwo zegazi ayiphelelanga yi bubukho ndizayo engaphandle. bilayer zayo lipid ezi glycoproteins. Ezi nkundla ke zenzelwe ukuba ukubopha ziiplatelets.

Ngaloo ndlela, glycoprotein I a receptor leyo inoxanduva uncamathiselo subendothelial collagen ezi seli igazi. Inika adhesion of zegazi, bazaneka kwaye ludityaniswe nabo kwenye protini - fibronectin.

Glycoprotein II yenzelwe zonke iintlobo zegazi udibaniso. Inika nomphetho owujikelezileyo lwefibrinogen egazini ezi seli. Kungenxa ngokusebenzisa le nkqubo iyaqhubeka udibaniso kufe kunye nokunciphisa (emuva) kweli qela.

Kodwa glycoprotein V ukulondoloza compound zegazi. Yena hydrolyzed yi thrombin.

Ukuba umaleko wathi kunciphisa zegazi glycoproteins inwebu isiqulatho eyahlukileyo, oko iba sizathu awandisiweyo ukopha.

Sol-gel

Apha zegazi umaleko yesibini Ifunyanwa ngezantsi inwebu, i isangqa microtubule. isakhiwo zegazi egazini lomntu kukuba ezi iityhubhu abo izixhobo contractile. Ngaloo ndlela, phezu ukukhuthazwa la macwecwe ihambisa lo msesane leyo zixinaniswe kunye granules kwiziko cell. Ngenxa yoko, zixinaniswe. Konke oku kubangela secretion kwiziqulatho zazo ngaphandle. Oku ngenxa ukuba inkqubo ekhethekileyo tubules ezivulekileyo. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba "yinye granules."

Ngenxa ukuncitshiswa ring microtubule kwakhona kube lula ukwenza pseudopods ekholisa kuphela ukwanda ubuchule udibaniso.

organelles intracellular

Umaleko wesithathu iqulathe granules glycogen, mitochondria, α-granules, imizimba ashinyeneyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-organelles zone.

imizimba ashinyeneyo ibe ATP, ADP, serotonin, calcium, iadrenaline kunye noradrenaline. Bonke bephela eziyimfuneko ukuze bakwazi ukusebenza ziiplatelets. Isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi ezi seli zinika adhesion kunye impiliso nxeba. Ngenxa yoko, ADP eveliswe ngexesha kuthinjwe zegazi kwiindonga yegazi, oko ikwanoxanduva yokuba nembasa wathi ukusuka ukusasazwa waqhubeka ehlomela abo sele u ntshunxekile. Calcium lilawula amandla adhesion. Serotonin iveliswa ngokukhulula zegazi granule. Liqinisekisa kwi ikhefu olujikeleza licuthe le mithambo.

granules Alpha, organelles efumaneka kule ndawo, igalelo ekwakhiweni yesixa zegazi. Abanoxanduva nokukhuthaza ukukhula izihlunu agudileyo, recovery isitya udonga kwezihlunu egudileyo.

Inkqubo ye iiseli ezenza

Ukuze kujongwane nalo koko, yintoni na isakhiwo zegazi oluntu, kufuneka uqonde apho zivela kwaye akhiwa njani. Inkqubo kokuhluma babo buzinze wamathambo. Lohlulwe ngezigaba eziliqela. Ekuqaleni kwakhiwa megakaryocyte eyayilithânga bokwakha unit. Kuba kumanqanaba aliqela, yena uguqulwe megakaryoblasts, promegakaryocyte yaye ekugqibeleni kwi zegazi.

Yonke imihla, umzimba womntu uvelisa umyalelo 66.000 iiseli 1 l ngalinye legazi. Xa abadala serum zabantu kufuneka ibe ukusuka 150 ukuya 375, umntwana ukusuka 150 ukuya 250 x 10 ⁹ / l ziiplatelets. Ngaloo 70% kubo ajikeleza ngeenxa umzimba, lo gama i-30% ukuba amaninzi udakada. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, eli umzimba kunciphisa kwabamaphephandaba ziiplatelets.

nemisebenzi esisiseko

Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na zegazi ezifunekayo umzimba, ukuqonda nje ukuya apho isakhiwo ezithile zegazi yabantu. Ezi nkundla ke zenzelwe ngokuyintloko ukuze kwakhiwe ngemibhobho zaseprayimari, ekufuneka uvale isitya yonakele. Ukongeza, neeplatelets zinika kumphezulu ukuze ukukhawulezisa indlela ekunqandeni plasma.

Ukongeza, kwafunyaniswa ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuze ngokutsha kwaye impiliso izicwili ezahlukeneyo ezimashakeleyo. Zegazi ukuvelisa izinto ukukhula, ekujongwe ukuba ukuvuselela uphuhliso kunye nokwahlukana kweeseli ezonakeleyo.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ngokukhawuleza kwaye umphelo bafudukele isimo esitsha. Umfutho software yabo ibe naluphi na utshintsho kokusingqongileyo, kuquka noxinezeleko elula ngomatshini.

ikakhulu zegazi

Ukuphila ezi seli igazi elide. Kwi-avareji, ubude ubukho babo ukusuka kwiintsuku 6.9 ukuya 9.9. Emva kokuphela kwale xesha uwagqibe. Ngokusisiseko, le nkqubo ithatha indawo umongo, kodwa kancinci kuthe udakada wesibindi.

Iingcali achonge iintlobo ezintlanu ezahlukeneyo zegazi: intsha, aqolileyo, ubudala, kunye neentlobo sisiba mandundu aphazamiseke. Ngokwesiqhelo, umzimba kufuneka ibe ngaphezulu kwama-90% kweeseli abaqolileyo. Kuphela kule meko isakhiwo zegazi ulungile, yaye baya kuba nako ukwenza yonke imisebenzi yayo ngokupheleleyo.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukuhla uyazikhomba ezo seli yegazi na unobangela ukopha ekunzima ukuba ayeke. Ukwanda kwenani labo unobangela thrombosis - imbonakalo egazi. Baya ingathintela imithambo yegazi amalungu ahlukeneyo emzimbeni, okanye ukuhlawula ngokupheleleyo kubo.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, isakhiwo ezahlukeneyo iingxaki zegazi akatshintshi. Zonke izifo ezinxulumene notshintsho ingqalelo kwinkqubo yegazi. Ukuncipha kwenani labo kuthiwa thrombocytopenia. Ukuba ingqondo inyuswe, mayidluliselwe thrombocytosis. Ukuba lokwaphula umsebenzi ezi seli uxilongwe thrombasthenia.