I electric Umthombo lwangoku ngombane zangoku: definition nangomoya

sonke siyazi kwikhondo physics ukuba phantsi umsinga wombane ukuthini zemiyalelo wayalela amasuntswana motion ephethe ityala. Ukuze ufumane umqhubi kwenza intsimi yombane. Kunjalo kuyimfuneko ukuze siqhubeke khona ixesha elide, umbane.

Imithombo ekhoyo yombane ingaba:

• static;
• chemical;
• mechanical;
• semiconductor.

umsebenzi ngamnye wenziwa apho raznozaryazhennye lahlulwe amasuntswana, ngamanye ngombane intsimi wamandla. Kwahlukaniswa, bandisa kwiipali kwi udibaniso umhlaba ngababhexeshi. Xa izibonda uqhagamshele amasuntswana umqhubi kunye intlawulo aqalise, kwaye kwasekwa umsinga wombane.

Imithombo bomashini zombane electric Ukusungulwa yangoku

De kwaba yinkulungwane ye-elinesixhenxe ukuvelisa ombane efunekayo kakhulu umgudu. Ngelo xesha, inani elandayo izazinzulu ababandakanyekayo kulo mba. Kwaye Otto von Guericke wasungula imoto yokuqala zombane ehlabathini. Kulingo ngayo omnye isalfure, etyhidiweyo ngaphakathi ibhola umngxuma eyenziwe zeglasi, lukhuni aza ayaphula negilasi. Guericke womeleza ibhola ukuze be cool. Jikelezisa kwaye nokucofa iqhekeza eluswini, kuba ube yintlantsi. Le ukukhuhlana kulula kakhulu ukufumana umbane elifutshane. Kodwa iingxaki ezinzima ngakumbi kufuneka isonjululwe kuphela kuphuhliso olungaphezulu kwinzululwazi.

Ingxaki yayikukuba izityholo Gericke ngokukhawuleza yaphela. Ukwandisa ubude umzimba yoyalo ibekwa kwimigqomo ezivaliweyo (iibhotile zeglasi), kwaye umbane imifanekiso lwamanzi kunye isikhonkwane. Linga eliphezulu xa imvaba macala omabini isale ngento conductive (Iifoyile yesinyithi, umzekelo). Ngenxa yoko, siye saqonda ukuba kwakunokwenzeka ukwenza ngaphandle kwamanzi.

imilenze frog njengomthombo yangoku

Enye indlela ukuvelisa umbane okokuqala wafumanisa Luidzhi Galvani. Njengoko eziphilayo, wasebenza kwilebhu apho bazama umbane. Wabona umlenze a isele abafileyo lancitshiswa xa luthe yitile yi ube yintlantsi evela kumatshini. Kodwa ngenye imini, isiphumo esifanayo kwaphunyelelwa ithuba xa sisazinzulu wachukumisa kuphungula yakhe ngentsimbi.

Yena waqala ukukhangela ngenxa yezizathu, apho kwakukho umsinga wombane. Imithombo ekhoyo yombane ngokusebenzisa esiphelweni zokugqibela nese- emzimbeni.

Enye Italian, Alessandro Volta, wawancamisa ekuhleni 'isele "yohlobo elivela kuzo yangoku. Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba ngoku mkhulu isongeza yobhedu nezinki kwi isicombululo asidi sulphuric. Olu dibaniso ngokuba into galvanic okanye imichiza.

ukusetyenziswa kwemali esenzela EMF Kodwa bekuya kuba ziindleko kakhulu. Ngoko ke, oosonzululwazi abasebenza kwi enye, mechanical, indlela lwemveliso yamandla ombane.

kanjani i generator eqhelekileyo?

Ngenkulungwane yokuqala elinethoba AH Oersted wafumanisa ukuba indlela ezikhoyo umqhubi imagnethi kuvela imvelaphi. Kamva, Faraday wafumanisa ukuba xa ekudibaneni kwe-imigca amandla EMF uyacengeka kwi ngumqhubi, nto leyo ebangela yangoku. EMF kuyahlukana ne isantya kwaye izinikezeli ngokwabo, kwakunye namandla endle. Ekudibaneni kwe imigca amakhulu ezigidi amandla ngomzuzwana wayenga amandla electromotive uba elingana volt nye. Kucacile ukuba nilime yesandla kwi imagnethi akakwazi wokunikela yangoku enkulu yombane. Imithombo ekhoyo yombane yale hlobo kuphumelela kakhulu onokuyibonisa ngokubhijela ngocingo kwi spool enkulu okanye imveliso igubu-ezimise yayo. Ikhoyili ibekwe nomphini phakathi umazibuthe kunye namanzi hybrid okanye awomphunga. Loo umthombo wamandla ngomatshini umbane azalwa eqhelekileyo.

Tesla omkhulu

Isazinzulu brilliant evela Serbia, Nikola Tesla, ukunikezela ubomi bakhe umbane, wenza ezifunyaniswe ezininzi ukuba sisebenzise namhlanje. Multiphase electric Umatshini, olungenangqamaniso Iimoto zombane, ukudluliselwa yamandla multi-isigaba alternating current - oku hayi kuluhlu lonke lwezinto ezinkulu zenzululwazi.

Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba lo mkhuba eSiberia, eyaziwa ngokuba Tunguska zimpahla, enyanisweni ibizwa ngokuba Tesla. Kodwa mhlawumbi omnye kakhulu obufihlakeleyo ukusungula transformer ekwaziyo ukufumana ombane ukuya elinesihlanu million volts. Kuthiwa device yakhe imithetho eyaziwayo izibalo zimpi. Ke kaloku ngaloo mihla saqalisa nokuphuhlisa ubuchwepheshe lwepolitiki, apho kwakungekho ambiguity. Ngoko ke, ukwenziwa kwe nzulu ngexesha olityelweyo.

Kodwa namhlanje, kunye nokufika physics theoretical umsebenzi wakhe kuqale kwakhona. KaEtere waqonda igesi oko kuxhomekeke yonke imithetho igesi zobuchwepheshe. Iyazigatya amandla yayo ukusuka apho Tesla omkhulu. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ingcamango kaEtere iye aqheleka kakhulu elidlulileyo phakathi izazinzulu ezininzi. Kuphela ukuvela SRT - mbono ekhethekile Einstein i-ka, apho wakhanyela ubukho kaEtere - alibale ngaloo nto, nangona kamva yaqulunqa ingcamango ngokubanzi akazange umngeni kuye ngolo hlobo.

Kodwa ngoxa bemiyo phezu umbane kunye nezixhobo ukuba ikuyo namhlanje.

Uphuhliso Izixhobo zobugcisa - izinto amandla

izixhobo ezo zisetyenziselwa inguquko lwamandla ezahlukeneyo zibe amandla ombane. Nangona iindlela ngokwasemzimbeni imichiza ukuvelisa umbane Kuye kwavulwa ixesha elide, ikuyo, bafumana kuphela kwisiqingatha sesibini zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, xa baba elektroniki olukhula ngokukhawuleza. Sokuqala izibini ezintlanu galvanic aye kuthi yongezwe ziintlobo-25. Ingcamango lezibini galvanic zingabalelwa amawaka aliqela, ukusukela amandla free lingaphunyezwa nakweyiphi oxidizing kunye arhente nokuncitshiswa.

Imithombo Power Physical

imithombo yendalo kombane waqalisa ukuba kamva. ubuchule Modern ngokuya kwanda ezingqongqo, kwaye mveliso ubushushu thermionic umbane ukumelana ngempumelelo kunye nemingeni ekhulayo. imithombo amandla Physical - zizixhobo apho umsinga, umoya, mechanical namandla kwemitha ukubola yenyukliya iguqulelwa kwi amandla ombane. Ukongeza kule miba ingentla apha, bona oluphezulu kwakhona injini zombane, umbane MHD, kwakunye lokuguqula radiation elanga kunye ukubola atomic.

Namandla ombane kule umqhubi kupheliswa, oko kufuna umthombo wangaphandle ukugcina umahluko enokubakho ngapha umqhubi iphela. Kuba oku ke imithombo yamandla ukuba abe ethile amandla electromotive ukuyila nokugcina umahluko enokwenzeka. EMF electric kulinganiswa operation yemvelaphi yangoku eyenziwa xa ukudluliswa kwentlawulo plus kwisekethe closed lonke.

Ukuxhathisa ngaphakathi umbane nangokomthamo luni na, nokumisela umlinganiselo ukulahleka energy ngokusebenzisa umthombo.

Igunya kunye nempumelelo ombane lilingane lulwahlulo zangaphandle yesekethe yombane ukuya EMF.

imithombo Chemical

umthombo Chemical zangoku kwi EMF kwisekethe lombane isixhobo, apho amandla ekudibaneni kwemichiza iguqulelwa kwi amandla ombane.

isiseko layo ngumxube electrode ezimbini: a ukunciphisa arhente kunye oxidizing arhente kakubi umthetho kakuhle umthetho, nto leyo ke wadibana ne electrolyte. Phakathi i electrode umahluko isakhono, EMF.

izixhobo Modern adla ngokusetyenziswa:

• njenge-arhente ukunciphisa - ilothe, isiqalelo esithambileyo esimhlophe, izinc kunye nabanye;
• oxidant - nickel hayidroksayidi, oxide ekhokelayo, manganese kunye nezinto ezilolo hlobo;
• electrolyte - izisombululo ze asidi, alkalis okanye ityuwa.

Luphawu kusetyenziswa iiseli eyomileyo zinc kunye manganese. Kwenqanawa wathathwa zinc (ukuba i electrode negative). Ngaphakathi ibekwe i electrode entle kunye nomxube dioxide manganese kunye carbon okanye grafayithi umgubo leyo kunciphisa ukuxhathisa. Le electrolyte lisebenza intlama ammonium chloride, starch kunye namanye amacandelo.

Evaliweyo abakhokelayo-asidi yebhetri - ntonje ngumthombo lesibini imichiza ngoku kwisekethi yombane ukuba umthamo omkhulu, ukubaleka ezizinzileyo ukuba ixabiso eliphantsi. Iibhetri elolu hlobo asetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Badla khetha neebhetri starter, exabisekileyo ingakumbi ngokumalunga imoto, apho ngokuqhelekileyo abantu monopolists.

Enye ibhetri eqhelekileyo ibandakanya yentsimbi (anode), nickel oxide ukuphilisa (cathode) kunye electrolyte - isisombululo zolwelo potassium okanye sodium. Okubhalwe bamatasa kwimibhobho yentsimbi nickel ngumfanekiswana.

Ukusetyenziswa kolu hlobo lehlile emva komlilo kwi mveliso Edison ngowe-1914. Noko ke, xa uthelekisa iimpawu yokuqala neyesibini uhlobo ibhetri, kuvela ukuba ukusebenza yentsimbi-nickel kunokuba ixesha elide kakhulu kunokuba lead acid.

Ezivelisa DC ne AC

Abavelisi zizixhobo ukuba kujongwe ukuba iyiguqule amandla ngoomatshini zibe amandla ombane.

Esilula DC generator angamelwa njengesakhelo ye ngumqhubi, leyo yabekwa phakathi izibonda Imagnethi yomhlaba kunye neziphelo anxulumene okude isiqingatha-amakhonkco (umqokeleli). Ukuze isixhobo emsebenzini, kufuneka uqinisekise i ukujikeleza yesakhelo kunye umqokeleli. Emva koko ke kuya uqhutyelwe electric utshintsho ngoku ulwalathiso phantsi kwempembelelo wezintlu emagneti. Umphathi wesekethe wangaphandle uya kuhamba kwicala elinye. Kubonakala ukuba umqokeleli uya qinisa alternating current, apho iveliswa isakhelo. Ukuphumeza DC ungumqokeleli yenziwe iipleyiti amathathu anesithandathu okanye ngaphezulu, kwaye umqhubi ubandakanya nobuninzi lezakhelo ngohlobo lo armature jiko.

Khawuve oko injongo umthombo yesekethe yangoku. Funda indlela kukho imithombo ngakumbi ngoku.

An yombane: yombane ngoku, amandla lwangoku, umthombo yangoku

Le yombane iquka umthombo okhoyo, kunye nezinye izinto kudala umendo lwangoku. A ombane concept EMF kwaye ngoku elibaleka kule iinkqubo ezivulekileyo kagesi.

Umphathi wesekethe kakhulu elula yombane iquka umthombo yangoku (ibhetri, i electrochemical iseli generator, njalo njalo), abasebenzisi zamandla (izifudumezi zombane, Iimoto zombane kunye nezinye), kwaye iingcingo odibanisa iterminal umthombo wamandla ombane kunye nomthengi.

Le yombane ine yangaphakathi (umthombo wamandla) kunye yangaphandle (iingcingo, itshintshela, benza okuchasene, ukulinganisa izixhobo) iindawo.

Kuya kusebenza kwaye kufuneka ibe lixabiso elingqinelanayo kuphela xa kwisekethe closed enikiweyo. Nayiphi umsantsa ebangela ukumisa flow yangoku.

Le yombane iquka umthombo zangoku ngohlobo iiseli electrochemical, nezihlanganisi zombane, electromechanical kunye neejenereyitha thermoelectric, iiseli solar, njalo-njalo.

Njengoko Iimoto zombane benza balwamkele aguqula amandla abe ngamandla ngoomatshini, ukukhanyisa kunye zokufudumeza izixhobo, ufakelo electrolysis njalo njalo.

Accessories ezi izixhobo ukuba kubalulekile ukuba ukuvula nangaphandle, izixhobo kunye neendlela zokukhusela yokulinganisa.

Zonke ezi ziqendu yahlulwe:

• esebenzayo (apho wesekethe yombane kuquka umthombo EMF lwangoku, Iimoto zombane, iibhetri njalo njalo);
• eyimpumelelo (eziquka balwamkele zombane kunye nokufakelwa interconnecting).

Chain nako:

• linear, apho element uxhathiso lusoloko lubonakala ngelayini ngqo;
• nonlinear, apho uxhathiso lixhomekeke ombane okanye ngoku.

Yiloo nto ke scheme kwecacileyo, apho sihlanganisa ngumthombo utshintsho ngoku, ibhalbhu, a rheostat.

Nangona ukwanda ngokubanzi bezixhobo ezinjalo zobugcisa, ingakumbi kumaxesha kutshanje abantu abaninzi ngakumbi ukubuza imibuzo malunga ufakelo eminye imithombo yamandla.

Iintlobo ngeentlobo zemithombo yamandla yombane

Yeyiphi imithombo ombane isekhona? Akubalulekanga nje ilanga, umoya, umhlaba kunye namaza. Baye baba ekuthiwa ezinye iindlela zemithombo esemthethweni yamandla.

Ndimele ndithi ukuba kukho enye iseti. Abayi eqhelekileyo, ngokuba bengengabo kodwa esiluncedo yaye bekhululekile. Kodwa ngubani owaziyo, mhlawumbi ikamva liya kuba emva nje.

Ngenxa yoko, amandla ombane ingafumaneka emanzini amtyuba. Norway sele lusekiwe amandla, ukusebenzisa obu bugcisa.

izitishi zombane nako ukusebenza kwiiseli amafutha kunye okuqinileyo oxide electrolyte.

Eyaziwa umbane piezoelectric kufumana amandla ngokusebenzisa amandla ekinetiki (sele zikhona zabahambi buchwepheshe, amaqhuma isantya, turnstiles kunye imigangatho umdaniso).

Kukho nanogenerators, ezo ezijoliswe kwinguqu amandla emzimbeni womntu ibe umbane.

Yintoni wena malunga ulwelwe ukufudumeza imizi, amakrele abo ekhatywayo, ovelisa umbane, iibhayisekile, elektroniki angamangalelwa, kwaye nkqu zinqunqwe iphepha, enokusetyenziswa njengomthombo wamandla?

isithembiso Enkulu, Kakade ke, kuba nophuhliso lwamandla mlilo.

Konke oku izinto zanamhlanje-izazinzulu kusebenza apho. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ezinye zazo ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kuba kakhulu eziqhelekileyo, ezifana umbane kumakhaya namhlanje.

Mhlawumbi omnye umntu uza ukutyhila iimfihlelo wesazinzulu Nikola Tesla, yaye abantu baya kuba nako ukufumana ngokulula amandla avela emoyeni?