UMikhail Tal - chess ntshatsheli. biography

It ngokuphelele ukuba nemvukelo buchopho: Amehlo avuthayo, ukungakhathali ngenkangeleko, ukuzikisa ingqondo ngokupheleleyo kwi ezibalulekile kunye nokungabikho ingqalelo kwizinto ezincinane zobomi. UMikhail Tal wathabatha kwetrone ihlabathi ixesha elifutshane kakhulu, kodwa nangoku kugqalwa ubungqondi wechess, isimntwiso ngengqiqo liphezulu njengoko umdlalo ngokusekelwe kwindlela inkanuko, improvisation, ngempembelelo, kunye nonikezo lwemethodoloji iinketho. Impumelelo engundoqo yabantu bakhe ukuba igcinwe kude kube sekupheleni themba kunye omhle ngayo abanye, nangona iimbandezelo neenkxwaleko ezazihamba kuye bonke ubomi bakhe mfutshane.

Akubona bonke

Ukuziqambela wahamba naye ukususela ekuzalweni - ingalo sokunene-Umbala ezintathu, ukuba abahlobo ngokuqhula ngokuba ubungqina imvelaphi ohlala Tal. biographers kunokusebenzisa ukubona isizathu sokuba le anomaly kukuba abazali bakhe izalamane igazi - abazala, nto leyo izaliswe iimpazamo yemfuza.

UMikhail Tal wazalwa ngoNovemba 9, 1936 e Riga, kwintsapho oogqirha. Njengokuba wathi kamva: "Mna yayidlala bayahlelwa amaqhekeza abamnyama." move lokuqala kwakuyingozi: iinyanga ezintandathu emva kokuzalwa nkwenkwe yawa usulelo wagula ezifana meningitis. Abazali oogqirha, wayesazi ithuba elincinane kakhulu ukusinda, kodwa wayesazi ukuba esi ukudumba echaphazela ingqondo ngeendlela ezingalindelekanga, maxa wambi ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukwandisa ukusebenza ngobuchule umsebenzi wayo kunye nesiphumo ngempumelelo esi sifo. Umntwana yasinda.

ebuntwaneni edlulisa

Iminyaka emihlanu akwazi phinda amanani ama ezintathu-engqondweni yakhe, uze ufunde ukususela kweminyaka emithathu. War usapho Talay kuqhutyelwa ngobungxamo, kummandla Perm. Isikolo nayo inkwenkwe nangoko ukuya kwibanga lesithathu, yaye kwiYunivesithi Riga, i-Faculty of the uMikhail Tal waye wabhalisa, ibe ngaphandle, kunye iminyaka eli-15.

Tal memory yaba yentle. Le nkwenkwe ngokoqobo iphinde izivelise kwakhona okubhaliweyo le ncwadi, leyo, njengoko kwakuthe kwabanye, umzi wamaYuda, eyayibulindile umzuzu ngokukhawuleza. Loo ulwazi, leyo ke wakunonelela luleke ngakumbi, wahlala kwinkumbulo yakhe ngonaphakade.

Kulo mzekelo, uMichael akazange acinge ngokuba mihla umntwana. izinto boyish ezahlukileyo izinto oontanga hayi - wayekuthanda ukudlala ibhola ekhatywayo kwaye bachitha ixesha elininzi usebenzisa ibhola, nangona leengxaki ekuqaleni nazo emsebenzini nezintso. Kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe ubomi bakhe ngoku unentsingiselo - wechess.

ekuqaleni wendlela

Kwiminyaka 6, uMikhail Tal, ogama engobomi ngoku enxulumene ngonaphakade nale umdlalo yamandulo, ixesha lokuqala ndabona ebhodini kunye namanani. Kwathi xa umntwana emsebenzini notata wakhe babehleli kwigumbi lokulinda-ofisi kagqirha wakhe. Izigulane enze umdlalo wechess, elindele ukuba ulwamkelo. Uyise wambonisa indlela ukuya mzobo, eqhelene kunye nemigaqo esisiseko. Ekuqaleni, lo mfanyana umdlalo ngokulula. Uchulumanco, ngoko leyo ayesahluka chess intshatsheli elizayo, bazipheka kuyo, xa eneminyaka eyi-9 wafumana evela kumzala makhaya '' s iqabane. "

Iminyaka 10 waqalisa ukuya iklabhu chess kwi Riga Palace of Vulindlela Young. Xa wayeneminyaka eli-12, wafumana udidi-2, 14 - okokuqala kwiminyaka eli-17, waba yinkosi. utitshala First chess Tal - Janis Kruzkops - yena lweli indibanisela, ukudlala. Kwimeko uMikayeli enyanzeliswa phezu ubuchule obalaseleyo kunye nezinga omlilo. akuzange tal chess ukumoyika sokuqhubekeka yingozi, nzima indawo. Legendary amaxhoba 'ayilunganga' le Tal - naye eze ubukhulu becala "vulindlela" yayo yobuntwana.

utitshala iincwadi

Umdla ekufundeni iincwadi kunye imbali, kuyabonakala ukuba kwakuvela Michael phantsi kwempembelelo kamama - Ida Grigorevny, ebutsheni bakhe waba nolwazi Ehrenburg, uPicasso kunye nezinye ezoluntu. Yesihloko kwithesisi, emva koko ukukhusela University wakhululwa ngutitshala oselula uMikhail Tal waba 'eKhwencayo kunye ezihlekisayo imisebenzi Ili Ilfa kunye evgeniya Petrova. " Ngokucacileyo, le uburharha akrelekrele azalwa Tal, ezibhiyozelwa bonke - besithembe ixesha elide ngabantu abazana naye, yaye kunzima nabahlobo - ziza ephilileyo.

Emva kokuba ephumelele wasebenza kangangexesha elithile esikolweni, kodwa eli xesha umsebenzi oyinhloko waba chess. uqeqesho Philological ngokwenene banceda Tal kwizifundo zakhe kucholacholo lweendaba, ingakumbi, apho uhlele yemihla ngemihla yapapashwa Riga, "ngumdlalo othi", kakhulu tsenivshiysya ehlabathini lonke.

Sally

Xa umdlalo wakhe sihlala sifuna ukuba yamanyala yempembelelo kwemvelo, imikhosi yeedemon - eliqaqambileyo kakhulu, engaqhelekanga, zizele umngcipheko, ngqondweni olukhulu kunye nesimbo iyingozi wengqiqo enobuchule ukuba Mihaila Talya. Iyivume babefuna ingcaciso yokusilela kwi iinkosi wondela thile kwi ubuchule bakhe extrasensory. Abo bamaziyo Michael ngakumbi, ezi nzame ukuba azise uncumo - kwakunjalo kwezinye.

Nje Tal chess yaba siyimveliso isimo sakhe jikelele ngayo ebomini. Umnqweno ukuphumelela ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ukuze azi kuyabuya ngokupheleleyo, ngumchamo xa umnqweno kuthetha ukuba aziwe yabo kunye ubomi bakhe.

Xa kwakukho ukulungiselela ukulwa ubalulekileyo nxamnye Botvinnik, ukuba isigqibo bayahlelwa isihloko ntshatsheli, wachitha yonke ukusebenza capturing ubuhle Riga Sulamif Andau intliziyo. Zombini iinjongo zifezekisiwe: Sally waba ngumfazi wakhe, waza yena - ntshatsheli.

Indlela eya Olympus

ekunyukeni ekhawulezileyo kwi Tal chess phezulu, kwakunye ukufumana ngokukhawuleza midlalo zabo zabo isihloko ex-hlabathi - iphepha yayaziwa ehlabathini kwimbali wechess. Ngowe-1957, i Rigan mfana waba intshatsheli USSR e wechess, zibetha ihloniphekile uDavide Bronstein noPawulos Keres - contenders ngokuba ukwahlula ehlabathini. Kwixesha elizayo, kusesemini-5 amaxesha waphumelela All-Union Chess Championship.

Inyathelo elilandelayo indlela phezu chess Olympus baba lemidlalo ngamazwe. Ilandelwa yi loyiso kwi contenders kwitumente inter-lommandla e Portoroz, Slovenia (1958) kwaye Chess Olympiad 13 eMunich (1958). Tal iphumelele chess tumente ngezizwe Zurich (1959) kwaye avavanywa kunyaka omnye ke Abaviwa Tournament eYugoslavia, eziquka zonke ngoko iinkwenkwezi kulo mdlalo: Smyslov, Gligoric, Petrosyan, F. Olafson, Keres elinesihlanu Robert Fisher.

Umdlalo kunye Mihailom Botvinnikom kuba neyomhlaba wonke yabanjwa ukususela ngoMatshi 15 ukuya kutsho ngoMeyi 7, 1960 luze luphele uloyiso kwangethuba Tal oneminyaka engama-24 ubudala, ngubani ophumelele imidlalo 6, isiphukuphuku 2 kwisiqingatha sokuqala yafikelela amanqaku 12.

Iqhawe omncinane umhlaba

Young akuyo, uhlakaniphile kwaye ekrelekrele, owaba style ibonwe ngenkalipho none- ebaleni Tal yaba isithixo abalandeli chess ehlabathini lonke. Xa iinkosi professional wathabatha Into imbonakalo ngesiquphe i "Upstart" xa ukwazi uyintshatsheli entsha, eziva uvelwano kuye chithi and jikelele. Nkqu-aziwayo grandmasters kunye ichess karhulumente sociopath misanthropic Bobby Fischer yedwa Tal, ukudlala Blitz ngokulula achitha imini yonke.

E Riga, Tal wadibana isihlwele esikhulu ukusuka kwisikhululo phezu kwezandla zakhe wamzalela imoto kunye uyintshatsheli entsha. Ngokuzithandela wahlangana nabalandeli chess bamaphakade onke e Riga nangaphesheya Union. Kungekudala eSoviet Union kukho abambalwa abo babeza kuba babengaqhelananga igama Tal. Michael Nehemevich kwamenza intlonipho yokuba akazange atshintshe indawo yokuhlala, nkqu maxesha enzima, akazange avumele ngokwakhe groundlessly Sinokukuhlaba amadlala ilizwe apho wazalelwa khona, kodwa isibindi amazwi akhe amazwe yabangela umdla ngokuqhubeka kuye phezu inxalenye arhente zikarhulumente - kwangaxeshanye, kwaba yayivumela ukuba ukuhamba.

impilo elandelayo

Ekuhambeni kwamalungiselelo rematch kunye Botvinnik entwasahlobo ka-1961 ungenelele zisiba iingxaki zezintso Tal. Wade wambongoza ukuba ucele okokuba ukumiswa kwetyala lomdlalo, kodwa ingaphandle intlonelo umdlali bavuma zonke iimeko Botvinnik. Ngenxa yoko, Tal Ndandingekakulungeli ukuba umlo entsha isihloko andabikho.

Kamva, uza ngokuphindaphindiweyo yangena ekulweni lwehlabathi chess isithsaba, kodwa watsho phantsi. Yena inxaxheba kwiqela Anatoly Karpov ngexesha lokulungiselela kwayo komdlalo kunye Korchnoi kunye Fisher, eyenza igalelo elibalulekileyo ekuphunyezweni kwisihloko lwabo ubuntshatsheli.

Phezu kwazo nje iingxaki zempilo mandundu, akazange afune ukunciphisa isantya yobomi. Emva kokuzalwa unyana wakhe, uqhawulo-mtshato lwayo Sally, umtshato yesibini neyesithathu, nokuzalwa intombi, wahlala umntu abamthandayo bonke wadibana ebomini, ngokuziphatha kunye nabafazi unsophisticated nelula. Akazange afune kuphulukana ezilula kunye bendalo - okumnandi, kodwa ukutya eziyingozi, utywala elungileyo, watshaya kakhulu ... Ngamanye amaxesha, nangona kunjalo, oku kubangelwe imfuneko singaliva intlungu rhoqo. Kuphele iintlungu kwaye kwafuneka ukuba bangabheneli kwiziyobisi bomelele.

waya undefeated

Ngowe-1988 Tal iphumelele World Itshesi Championship kunye nemigaqo kwakunye waba intshatsheli yokuqala yeHlabathi Blitz. Kwincwadi engobomi bakhe ubugcisa ngo-1970-80 kukho amaxesha xa ezingazange kwi kwiitumente ezahlukeneyo yayibandakanya 90 imidlalo ilandelana, nto leyo mpumelelo ithabathekisayo kuye nawuphi na umlawuli.

Iqela lokugqibela lwaseburhulumenteni kule tumente chess Classic Tal iphumelele kakhulu, kwenzeka Meyi 5, 1992 e-Barcelona, iqela wakhe Vladimir Akopian. Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, yena ngokoqobo wabaleka esibhedlele ukuba bathathe inxaxheba Moscow Blitz Championship, apho waphumelela ngoko ntshatsheli UGarry Kasparov. Yaba midlalo yakhe yokugqibela chess. Wafa ngoJulayi 28, 1992.

Mihail Nehemevich Tal wehla waya kwimbali hayi kuphela umdlali chess abakrelekrele enye romantics yokugqibela yale game yamandulo, kodwa ebalaseleyo iimpawu zazo, nto leyo ukugcina kwimemori elungileyo elininzi abantu kwilizwe lethu nakwamanye amazwe.