Umgaqo-nkqubo weelwimi kunye nokuxhasa amalungelo abantu abambalwa

Umbuzo ulwimi kwiminyaka yakutshanje baye kuya kuba ngumxholo ubuciko kwezopolitiko, pre-konyulo izithembiso ukudlala ivoti. Idla ngokuba iqweqwe-emi kuphela iingxaki amanqwanqwa ezentlalo nezoqoqosho, kodwa kukho amazwe apho lo mba ulwimi njengoko simo "lika buthelezi." Umgaqo-nkqubo weelwimi karhulumente njengoko iseti amanyathelo ezijoliswe ekuxhaseni zolwimi olufanayo okanye iilwimi ezininzi, usoloko ujolise ukumanyanisa abantu ezahlukeneyo kulo ilizwe ibe single ebalulekileyo karhulumente - uhlanga. Enye into kukuba ukuphumeza indlela ezinqwenelekayo.

Thina phambi kwamehlo imizekelo emininzi nembali yomgaqo-nkqubo wolwimi nolungafanelekanga kwakhokelela nempembelelo malunga ngokupheleleyo - endaweni munye abantu, yena abazahlulayo, nathe abavakalelwa obuzimele kwaye kwakhokelela ukujongana ngezikhondo zamehlo zangaphakathi, ngamanye amaxesha kubangele imbambano yamakhaya. Umzekelo, kwi-UK emva ootitshala kwinkulungwane ye-yamashumi kohlwaywa abafundi badla intetho Welsh, amagama Irish okanye Scottish. Imfazwe e Northern Ireland wayenxibe umlinganiswa kuphela zonqulo (amaKatolika nxamnye amaProtestanti), kodwa kwakhona ulwimi (Irish ngokuchasene IsiNgesi).

E France ngo 1794 kwiRiphabliki wadlula umthetho othintela ukusetyenziswa naziphi na ezinye iilwimi zomthonyama kweli lizwe, ngaphandle lemfundo French (enyanisweni, nesi kwiphondo Ile-de-France). Lo mthetho watshitshiswa kuphela ngo-1951, kodwa wenkulungwane nesiqingatha Occitan, IsiBasque, Provencal, Breton, Italian, Corsican nabanye - aphel phantse ngokupheleleyo. Nokuba oku kwakhokelela-nkqubo weelwimi ubunye ebantwini? Makube lee oko - kwaye imiboniso nobunzima ubiza ukuba imvuselelo iilwimi zengingqi awayengabemi izizwe France umzekelo ocacileyo oku.

In uBukhosi Austria-Hungarian, umgaqo-nkqubo wolwimi ijoliswe angenelela kunye uhlobo njengombingelelo nemimandla oyiswe. Nangona isibakala sokuba unxibelelwano phakathi yedwa kunye nakwiindawo eziphakathi ezingamathanga baya urhulumente inkxaso iilwimi German, Austria-Hungarian lwesizwe: Ivula izikolo Slovak, ixhasa kumaqela creative Ukrainian kwaye Polish ukuba axhase abaselula Italian abanetalente. Ngoko ke, i "Spring of Nations ', yaye kamva - ngokuwa Empire Austria-Hungarian kwenzeka hayi kumba ulwimi, kodwa kuphela yezopolitiko.

Ngokungafaniyo Tsarist Russia, nto leyo bacinezelwa zonke "non-Russian", ukususela 1917 waqala ukukhuthaza iilwimi zengingqi inkxaso kwiimbono. Noko ke, ngeenzame zokuqhubekeka kuphakanyiswa yoshishino angezanga. Xa nenani-30 ngokubonakalayo akabaxwa uluvo lokuba eSoviet Union 15 kuphela abantu emaqandeni, kwaye nakwiiriphabliki zemanyano 15 luxhaswe iilwimi. Ngelo xesha, ngaphandle nayiphi na inkxaso evela zikarhulumente, umzekelo, isiJamani Old Mongolian, Finnish kunye nezinye iilwimi, ogama izithethi compact okanye saa wahlala kummandla we-USSR. Ukongeza, urhulumente yabhengeza iilwimi zezinye republic ye 'ngokwaneleyo "ufuna" zobunjineli ulwimi "- kangangokuba Moldovans idluliselwe ngenkani ukusuka oonobumba Latin ku Cyrillic. Kwi-imi- 50-60 lomgaqo-nkqubo wolwimi yiSoviet ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ngokupheleleyo lilimbi xa isibhengezo lonke ukuxhasa republic yeemanyano iilwimi, mabangathethi Russian, ukuba babe "natsmenov" yaba unfashionable, kwaba luphawu backwardness kunye nemvelaphi yasemaphandleni. Neziphumo shwa kwalo mgaqo-nkqubo, sinako ukubona umzekelo Russified Kazakhstan, Belarus, Ukraine kunye Moldova inxalenye.

umgaqo-nkqubo weelwimi eRashiya, ngelishwa, ilifa abaninzi lweentsingiselo ongasekhoyo USSR. Ukongeza kule izibhengezo, besithi ukuxhasa iilwimi kazwelonke izithili, republic kunye namaphondo, urhulumente Russian idla Ilibale malunga neelwimi abambalwa, oyimbumba abahlala zikarhulumente. Kakade ke, wonke ummi weli kufuneka bazi ulwimi karhulumente kweli lizwe, kodwa ke oko akuthethi ukuba Akuvunyelwe ukuba bathethe baze bafundise abantwana babo ukuba bathethe ulwimi lweenkobe. Ukuba urhulumente akayi kuba kwelona nqanaba liphezulu ukuxhasa iilwimi abantu abambalwa yesizwe, esebenzisa zokunqika abantu abasemagunyeni olawulo, eendaba kunye nokukhuthaza ababhali ababhala ngeelwimi abambalwa yesizwe, emva kwexesha elithile, ezi iilwimi zomthonyama ziyafa, kwaye siya kuhlala imvakalelo ukunganeliseki, inzondo nembambano kazwelonke .