Ukuhlolwa kweengxelo ezingekho kombuso: inkcazo kunye neempawu zokuziphatha

Amacala olwaphulo-mthetho, oluntu kunye nolwaseburhulumenteni, iimviwo ze-forensic zizinto ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, abanako ukufakwa kwisiseko seziko likarhulumente. Ngokuqhelekileyo bafezekisa iinkqubo ezichazwe rhoqo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo imeko ibangelwa xa kuhlolwa iimviwo zokungabikho kombuso . Cinga ngala matyala, kunye nokusebenza kombutho apho kuqhutywa khona.

Baya kusebenza nini kumaziko angaphandle kobukhosi?

Imfuno yale mibutho ibonakala xa i-arhente efanelekileyo yeburhulumenteni ikhululekile kakhulu. Ukongezelela, imibutho engekho yoorhulumente idibaniswa kula maxesha alandelayo:

• Xa iimviwo ezifanelekileyo zingenziwanga kumaziko karhulumente;
• Iinkqubo zenzeke, kodwa iingcali zikhulu kakhulu okanye zingekho ngenxa yokugula, ukuhamba, ezinye izizathu;
• Inkundla, umphandi kunye namaqela achaphazelekayo afuna ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa kweengxelo ezingekho kombuso kwindawo ethile, kuba uchwepheshe ogqwesileyo kakhulu usebenza apho;
• Abalimala, ummangali okanye umtyholwa, abanye abathathi-nxaxheba babuza ukungakhethi kwabasebenzi beziko lombutho.

Umthetho, ngokwawo, awuvumeli ukubandakanyeka kwale mibutho.

Imfundo

Umgangatho wale mibutho ngokuqinisekileyo uhlukile. Ngokuqhelekileyo baqesha iingcali ezifanelekileyo kakhulu zemfundo efanelekileyo. Iingcali zabasebenzi kuzo. Kodwa phantse yonke indawo kukho abasebenzi abangabhalwa ukuvavanya amacala amanzima.

Kulo lugqwesileyo, ubuchule obungenazo zombuso bufunekayo kwiimeko zokubambisana kunye neenkundla zokubambisana, kwaye "iifomati" zilayishwe ngamacala olwaphulo-mthetho. Ngexesha elifanayo loo mibutho ibonisa ukuba isebenze ngokukhawuleza kunemibutho karhulumente. Ukongeza, ukongeza kobuchule, banikezela ezinye iinkonzo, umzekelo, unikele iingcebiso kumashishini angomthetho kunye nabantu ngabanye.

Ngokomthetho, lolu hlobo lomsebenzi lwenziwa ngaphandle kokufumana ilayisenisi. Ngexesha elifanayo, imibutho yeprofayili echaphazelekayo isebenzisa iingcali eziqeqeshe kakhulu, ukuba ngubani ubugcisa obunomsebenzi ophambili oyingcali.

Maxa wambi la maziko akhiwa kumaziko aphakamileyo emfundo. Emva koko abasebenzi baotitshala kunye nabaprofesa kumasebe angaphambili. Injalo inhlangano isebenza kwisakhelo se-MSLA phantsi kwegama le-Commonwealth of Experts ye-Moscow State Aviation Administration.

Iingcali

Iingcali zeengcali zingaba ngamalungu okanye zifumane isikhundla sesigwebo senkundla enjalo ukuze kwenziwe uphando kwimeko ethile. Emva koko uzuzwa ngesikhungo apho kuqeshwe uviwo. Uxwebhu lubonisa idatha, imfundo, ubuchule kunye nobude benkonzo. Ukongeza, inkundla iyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ubungqina bomntu, kunye nokuqiniseka ngokungafunanga kwakhe kumcimbi. Iimpawu ezinjalo kunye nokunyaniseka kuyimfuneko yokuphunyezwa kwalolu hlobo lomsebenzi.

Iingcali kunye namaziko olwazi

Ngokwenza oko, kwenzeka ukuba ezi zimbini zixutywe. Kwenzeka, ukuba isigqibo singacacisi idatha yesazi, silinganiselwe kuphela kwiinkcukacha zeziko.

Makhe siqwalasele umzekelo xa kuqulunqwa uvavanyo lwentlalo yoluntu kwaye wayeyalelwe ukuba aqhube uprofesa onxulumene neyunivesithi. Isisombululo sibonise aba bantu. Kwakhona, wasayinwa ukuze avuselelwe uxanduva. Kodwa isivumelwano senkonzo sagqitywa kungekhona kuye, kodwa nge-firm firm, apho wayifumana khona imali. Ngokwemvelo, iimeko ezinjalo zingabangela ukungathandabuzeki kwiziphumo zoviwo, okwenzekayo. Ngoko ke, umntu makayilumkele aze agqibe isivumelwano nangomntu othile okanye ngentlangano enesimo seziko leengcali.

Omnye umzekelo ukususela kwimisebenzi yilezi zilandelayo. Ukuqhuba uviwo, umphandi usetyenziswe ku-LLC. Intlangano, njengoko yavela, yodwa ibeka ngokwayo njengengcali. Umlawuli jikelele wenkampani uthumela isifundo kumqeshwa wakhe waza wachazela uxanduva. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhuseleka kwafumene ukungathandabuzeki okucacileyo ngesiseko sokuba inkontileka yagqitywa kunye nenhlangano ngendlela ye-LLC. Oku ngokucacileyo ayihambelani nemo yentlangano yengcali. Ngaloo ndlela, i-CEO yayingenalo igunya leNtloko yentlangano yesazi kwaye yayingenalo ilungelo lokucacisa uxanduva lomsebenzi wakhe. Ngoko ke, izenzo ezinjalo azivunyelwanga.

Amaziko oLwazi

Kukho ii-ofisi ezininzi ezithengisa ngokwazo ngokubonelela ngeenkonzo zokuvavanya ingcali. Kodwa masingakulibali ukuba injongo ebalulekileyo yezoshishino zabo ithengisa. Abalawuli bale mibutho abaxhomekeke kumalungelo kunye nemisebenzi eyintloko yamagosa oobugcisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukuphunyezwa kwemisebenzi kwiofisi ezinjalo zikhangele ngaphandle kweengcali ezinolwazi olufunekayo kwisivumelwano.

Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda isimo sombutho wezomthetho. Inqaku linikezelwa kwinqaku le-5 yomhlathi 60 we-CCP RF. Ngokweye, iziko leengcali liyavuma ukusekwa kobuchule bokusebenza kwangaphambili, apho kunokwenzeka ukuba kuqhutywe uviwo lwe-forensic ngokuhambelana nalo mthetho.

Ngako-ke, umntu kufuneka aqhubekele ekubeni eli qumrhu, elenziwa ngumgaqo-nkqubo woluntu ongekho inzuzo. Ukukhutshwa kwenzuzo kuyo akuyiyo injongo ephambili. Umsebenzi wezobuGcisa-ntsebenzo kwisiseko saso awunakujoliswa ikakhulu ekufumaneni inzuzo. Ngoko ke, akufanele kube yintlangano yentengiso okanye.

Umzekelo wemibutho yobugcisa

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kwintlangano kunye nefomu lezomthetho ye-LLC kukho iingcali ezikwazi ukuqhuba ubuchule obufanayo, ngokuqinisekileyo, umntu unokukwazi kwaye kufuneka abhekise kuzo. Into ephambili kukuba kugcinwe yonke imimiselo, ukuze iziphumo zophando zingayi kubuzwa.

Ngoko, idume kwiprofile yayo ye-LLC, ebonelela ngolwazi lwezobugqeba kunye nolungengurhulumente - "I-Expert Garant". Iqesha iingcali eziphezulu. Yingakho le nkampani idla ngokuthenjwa ukuba iqhube uphando olunzima kakhulu lulwazi.

Enye, inhlangano engekho ngaphantsi ehlonishwayo yi-LLC "Isiko soLungelelaniso kunye neNgxelo engekho kwiNkcazo". Inkampani inika iinkonzo, ukuqhuba unxakeka, ukwakhiwa, ugesi kunye nolunye uphando. Iimvume ezininzi zinelayisenisi. Iziko leemviwo kunye non-state "I-Index" iyaqatshelwa ngamaziko amagosa, imibutho karhulumente kunye namanye amaziko karhulumente, kunye neenkampani ezinkulu eRashiya nakwamanye amazwe.

Ikhomishini

NgokwePP yeSigqeba soMyalelo oPhakamileyo weDisemba ka-Disemba 20, 2006 ngaphantsi kwenombolo 66, ubuchule boburhulumente bobuRhulumente kunye nabangekho bobukhosi kwiinkalo ezichaphazelekayo kunokuqhutyelwa okanye abantu abanolwazi olukhethekileyo bangeniswa kuyo.

Ingxaki ichazwe ngasentla, xa uphando luqeshwe yi-LLC, luphindaphindiwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye xa luyalwe ngumbutho wengcali. Ukuze ugweme ukungalungi, umntu othile kufuneka aqeshwe ukuba enze uphando - ingcali. Kwaye inhloko yentlangano ehambelana nayo iyanyanzeleka ukuba imchazele kuye uxanduva. Ngaloo ndlela, inkundla kufuneka ihlolwe kwiziko elithile ukuba kukho ilungu lomsebenzi onolwazi olufunekayo kunye neziqinisekiso.

Sekiso

Inyaniso yokuba kwinkqubo yokubonisa ivumelekile ukusebenzisa iingcali ezisebenzela isikhungo esingekho sikhokelo sikarhulumente sisenza sikwandise ngokubanzi ububanzi bokufumana ubungqina kwiinkqubo zenkundla.

Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi xa iRashiya yazisa ubungqina kule ndawo. Ngenxa yale njongo, kwisakhelo se-RFCCS kwiSebe lezoBulungisa, i-institute for certificationary certification yasungulwa. Ngexesha elifanayo kulo:

• Uvavanyo kwaye ucebise ukusebenzisa iindlela ezithile ekuvelweni kweemviwo ze-forensic;
• Hlola ubuchule beengcali kwaye uyiqinisekise.

Inkqubo yenziwa ngokuya komthetho "Ngomthetho wobugcisa". Xa ingcali isebenzisa iindlela ezifanayo kwintsebenzo yakhe, ingqalelo iimfuno zeziqinisekiso kumabakala karhulumente nakwamanye amazwe, oku kunceda ukufumana iziphumo ezichanekileyo, ezithembekileyo nezizalisekayo. Umbutho wesitifiketi yi-Federal Federal Centre yezobuLungisa kunye noNgekho-ziNkcenkceshe (i-Moscow) - 109028) kunye noMphathiswa wezoBulungisa. Ngokufutshane - RFCCA.

Le nkqubo yeemvavanyo kunye nemiba yendlela yokwenza izinto, iziphakamiso zemisebenzi yengcali ezweni. Imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe isetyenziswa. Ngaloo ndlela, ubuchwepheshe bombuso ongaphantsi kolawulo lwangaphandle luqhutyelwa emva kokudlula ukuvunyelwa kwamaziko afanelekileyo ngokuhambelana ne-ISO 17025. ERashiya idlula phantsi kwenani le-GOST R ISO / IEC 17025-2000.

Imfuno zokugqibela zazininzi kakhulu kunomgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe. Kwaye ngo-2008 bamkela i-GOST R entsha phantsi kwenombolo 52960 - 2008. Yichaza iimfuno ezithile zezixhobo zamathoratri kunye neziqinisekiso zabasebenzi. Indawo ephambili inikwe uqeqesho lweengcali.

Ngombulelo kwiziko lezatifikethi, kuye kwaba lula ukujonga umgangatho womsebenzi weengcali kunye nokucebisa abaviwa abafanelekileyo kakhulu kule nto okanye ukukhupha kwijaji. Iingcali kuqala kokuvavanywa ngokuxhomekeke kwiziqinisekiso, ulwazi kunye namava olwazi.

I-non-state centre yeemviwo ze-forensic, njengomthetho, isebenza ngokwemigaqo efanayo yombutho kunye nolawulo njengombuso. Kwimiqulu yalo ebonakalayo kubonakala ukuba umsebenzi ophambili ngowona ndlela ukuziphatha kweemviwo kunye nokuncediswa kule nkqubo. Kwaye imiyalelo nemigaqo ehambelanayo ichaza amalungelo, imisebenzi kunye neemfanelo zomphathi, abasebenzi bakhe nazo zonke ezinye izinto ezinxulumene nemisebenzi yobungcali kwi-office of forensic bureau.

Iziko ezingekho phantsi koorhulumente: amalungelo kunye nemisebenzi yomphathi

Nangona ukuba umthetho awuqulethe ulwazi malunga namalungelo kunye nemisebenzi yentloko yenqanaba lombutho weengcali ekubhekiselele kuyo, eqinisweni, ulawulwa ngamagunya afanayo njengentloko yeziko lombuso. Ngoko, imisebenzi yakhe iquka:

• IKomishoni isifundo kwelinye okanye iqela leengcali ezinolwazi olwaneleyo ukuphendula imibuzo ephakanyiswe yinkundla;
• Ukuchazela umcebisi otyunjweyo uxanduva lokunika isigqibo esingafanelekanga kwaye athathe umrhumo;
• Ukulawula ixesha lokuvelisa, kunye nokugqiba kunye nomgangatho womsebenzi, ngelixa kungaphazamiseki kwinkqubo ukuqinisekisa ukuzimisela kobuchule bokuzimela;
• Thumela uluvo lwengcaciso yokugqibela kunye nezinto ezifanelekileyo kumntu otyunde isifundo;
• Qinisekisa ukugcinwa kwemfihlo kwenkqubo kunye neziphumo zophando.

LLC, isikhulu sezobugqirha ezingezizo zombuso, apho isivumelwano siphelelwe ukuqhuba uviwo, singadinga ukuba igunya eligunyazisiweyo libuyise iindleko ezihambelana noku:

• Ukuhlawulelwa ukugcinwa kwezinto ezijoliswe ekubhalisweni ngumbutho wezothutho;
• Ukuthutha kwabo ukuya kwindawo leyo;
• Ukugcinwa emva kokuhlolwa;
• Ukutshatyalaliswa kwemililo, ukuqhuma okanye ezinye iziphumo ezibangelwa uphando lweendawo ezinobungozi obuphezulu.

Ngokubhekiselele kwamanye amalungelo kunye neembopheleleko, kufuneka zilawulwe ngokuhambelana nesimo seziko lophando lweemviwo zengxelo zezobugwebo nezingezizo. Ngaloo ndlela, iingcali zithwala uxanduva lokunikezela ngesigqibo sokuxoka ngokuchanekileyo ngokwemithetho yangoku. Kodwa umphathi, njengomthetho, ubeka umthwalo wemithwalo-mboleko yepropati kwintonzo ephantsi, kuba nguye obonisa iimpawu ezihamba ngokuphathelele inkqubo.

Ukubhaliselwa malunga nokunyaniseka

Xa kuqhutywa uviwo lwangaphandle okanye urhulumente ongekho phantsi komthetho, umthetho ubeka ukuba uthathe kwi-ingcali ubhaliso oluchaza ukuba uye waxwayiswa malunga nokuqala kwecala lolwaphulo-mthetho ngokugqibeleleyo. Oku kwenziwa ngefom ekhethekileyo.

Ukuba uviwo olungekho phantsi kobuso luqhutywe ngaphandle kweendonga zeziko elifanelekileyo, umqulu kufuneka usayinwe ngaphambi kokuba uphando luqalise, ngexesha apho umphenyi ezandleni ezenza isigqibo malunga nokuqeshwa komsebenzi kumntu.

Iingcali ezingezizo zombuso zihlala ziphezu kwesi siphetho, ezikwindawo yokuqala, zibonisa ukuba ziye zaxwayiswa ngoxanduva lolwaphulo-mthetho.

Ukubhalisa

Ezinye iingcali ezingezizo zombuso, ezingenalo isimo somntu osomashishini, ngokuzimeleyo zenza izibonakaliso zempawu, apho zibeka khona amaxwebhu afanelekileyo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, akusemthethweni ukufumana iphepha elinjalo.

Ubhaliso kufuneka lwenziwe kwifomu eyahlukileyo kwaye uhlale nomphenyi. Ukongezelela, ekugqibeleni, isicatshulwa asikabikwa. Kufuneka iqulethe kuphela ulwazi oluye lwafumana isicetyiso soxanduva lolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye onke amalungelo kuye acaciswa.

Ngexesha elifanayo, ukubhaliswa kungaqukunjelwa kwisiphelo ngokwayo, kodwa kusekwa ngokufanelekileyo. Ibonisa indawo, igama kunye nedatha ukuba uviwo luphathwe, kunye namalungelo, imisebenzi kunye neemfanelo. Apha, umhla kunye nokusayinwa kwengcali kufuneka kuboniswe.

Isiphelo

Ngaloo ndlela, uhlolo lobunzima lusetyenziso olubandakanya ukuqeshwa koviwo lwe-forensic, uphando kunye nokwenza isiphetho usebenzisa ulwazi olukhethekileyo. Iziko lesigqeba sezobugwebo kunye non-state, ngakwesinye icala, kunye nomzimba ogunyazisiweyo ukonyula inqubo kwenye, kufuneka icacise ngokucacileyo zonke izicwangciso zezenzo zenkqubo. Ngaphandle koko, izifundo zingathathwa zingenakuvunyelwa.

Ukuba, umzekelo, uviwo lwezempilo lwezempilo olungekho phantsi koorhulumente luqeshwe, kucetyiswa ukuba ucacise kwisisombululo iinkcukacha zengcali ethile. Emva koko amalungelo abo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwilingo baya kuhlonishwa.