Ukubola komqala - ntoni na? Oonobangela, iimpawu, uthintelo

Enye izifo ezininzi kakhulu esosulelayo - umphimbo kuyo. Oko kukuthi, yaziwa ukuba abaninzi. Esi sifo, nto leyo ichaphazela abantu abadala kunye nabantwana, kunzima nje kuphela aphathe, kodwa basibone. Ugonyo nxamnye ukubola komqala iyafuneka kwaye ifakiwe kwinkqubo yogonyo.

Emva zonxulumano iintsholongwane ezithile emzimbeni womntu luphuhliso ngesiquphe sifo. Ukubola komqala yondele kwaye kufuna unyango ngoko nangoko, kungenjalo kusenokubakho iingxaki kakhulu.

Ukubola komqala. Yintoni na kwaye yintoni na isifo eyingozi?

Kulo sifo sichaphazela indlela kwiinwebu nasopharynx kunye oropharynx. Ukongeza, asakhasayo ukunxila jikelele, kuchaphazela iinkqubo Wayesoyika sentliziyo. Ukudumba ihamba ukubonakala bhanya fibrin, sifunda amabala amhlophe. Ukubola komqala ingaba ingozi kwindalo, ngaphandle ukunxila va.

Ingozi kukuba esi sifo ukuphuhlisa kwingqula zizalwa, ukukhubazeka yokuphefumla, myocarditis ezinganyangekiyo okanye insufficiency etsolo adrenal, nto leyo ekhokelela ekufeni. Xa isifo efana ukubola komqala ugonyo yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yothintelo, nto leyo ethintela sifo ukuba akunjalo, ngoko ke ubuncinane iingxaki zayo.

izizathu

Le pathogen - inegciwane Leffler, leyo exhathisayo kakhulu kwiimpembelelo yangaphandle. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, uzinzo alondolozwa ukuze iiveki ezimbini emanzini okanye ubisi - iiveki ezintathu kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi - malunga ezintlanu iinyanga. Ngexesha abilayo okanye pathogen yeKhlorini imveliso kufa ngomzuzu omnye.

Angaba ngu ngamathontsi emoyeni evela umguli yabantu okanye intsholongwane ukubola komqala yenethiwekhi esempilweni. Emva ukunxibelelana kwiinwebu lwenzeka ukubola komqala nasopharyngeal inegciwane umbane andise. Oku ukhupha exotoxin leyo Ukhuthaza ngegazi, ukumqumbisa umonakalo imisipha intliziyo, adrenal, izintso kunye nenkqubo neuropathy luvo. Ogulayo nangecesina, kudala igcinwe. Ngamanye amaxesha usulelo kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa izinto zekhaya, ukutya.

Susceptibility ukuya lwegciwane le sifo phezulu kakhulu. Isizathu soku ukungabikho kogonyo, inkqubo buthathaka omzimba, kukuzinza ukubola komqala eletha kwiimpembelelo yangaphandle.

Types and course

Kuxhomekeka indawo, lidibana isifo somqala oropharynx, iphecana yokuphefumla, impumlo. Kwiimeko ezinqabe kakhulu, iliso abachaphazelekayo, esini, isikhumba. Ukuba wambetha ngamaqumrhu ezininzi ngexesha elinye, ngoko olu hlobo sifo kuthiwa zidityanisiwe.

Eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo esi sifo ukubola komqala oropharynx (malunga nama-95% amatyala). Ekuqaleni, lobushushu isigulane kwenyuka kancinane, icholwa iimpawu ukunxila, kukho bemilenze amalungu kunye namathambo, intloko ebuhlungu, ubuthathaka, isikhumba lipholi, yehle onombilini.

Ukubola komqala oropharynx yenzelwe, okuqhelekileyo ityhefu, hypertoxic.

Isikakhulu sifo lwenzeka kwi uhlobo lendawo (mnene). Phezu uhlolo olubonakalayo kwi abaqala ibanjiwe emhlophe enamathela phezu tonsils elintlangothi ezibukhali kwaye smooth isakhiwo isifo umbala obomvu. Emva kwexesha elithile le uqweqwe iba mpunga ngwevu okanye elityheli. Yinto zisuswe. Ukuba uzama ukwenza oko amashiya, uhlala inxeba elophayo. Intlungu emqaleni xa baginye zisenzeka.

ifomu Common ingaphantsi eqhelekileyo. Luphawulwa inyaniso yokuba kugqogqa lulungiselelwe kuphela tonsils, kodwa palatal arch, ulwimi, pharynx, ukudumba kunye anozizi intlungu ucaca ngakumbi ngcathu. Nebhodi zinyamalale malunga neeveki ezimbini.

Xa ifomu ityhefu na ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza lobushushu ku 39,5-41 ° C, lukhula iimpawu eziphilayo ukunxila kuvela iintlungu esiswini, iintloko ezibuhlungu kakhulu, ukozela, silale, amalungu ezonakeleyo mbile, lisuke labuna ulusu. Ulwimi ingafunyanwa nokwaleka emhlophe. Ngophuhliso sabonakala isibetho ukukhonkotha ukukhohlela, ngenxa nokudumba laryngeal isigulana nzima ukuphefumla, kukho ilahleko ilizwi.

Kuba uhlobo hypertoxic luphawulwa iimpawu kakhulu ngakumbi ukunxila. Le ndoda zingqondweni. Ukuba unyango esingaqalwanga ngexesha, kungakhokelela ekubeni ekufeni. Ukungaphumeleli inkqubo yokujikeleza kwenzeka, nerhashalala ivela emzimbeni, ukopha kwiinwebu iphecana zesisu.

umphimbo ukukrala

Ukubola komqala (oyinyaniso) cereal nga localized kwaye zinabe. Ubungqongqo sifo kuxhomekeke iqondo insufficiency sokuphefumla.

Iimpawu ukubola komqala ye kwingqula kancane. Xa ixesha catarrhal, isigulana umntu ngelizwi elitshothozayo, ukukhonkotha khohlo, nomkhuhlane kancinane. Emva kweentsuku enye okanye ezimbini khohlo embi, ukuphefumla nzima, ngexesha isandi ngekhwelo inspiratory liviwa.

Ngeli xesha lesibini - stenotic, isigulana unesifo iziqephu ukukhohlela spasmodic ukuba ithatha imizuzu-2 ukuya kwi-30. Umntu uba cyanotic, pallor ziphawulwe kanxantathu nasolabial, ukwanda ukubila.

Emva kweli xesha kwenzeka asphyxial, luphawulwa ukozela, silale, pallor yesikhumba, unditsho, wegazi. Ukuba isigulana asiloxesha ukunika unyango, ukufa kwenzeka.

Olu hlobo ukubola komqala Bayekeni abantwana, abantu abakhulileyo kunye nabantu abane sifo babuthathaka, nto leyo ibangwa kakubi utywala, ukungondleki.

ukubola komqala empumlo

Olu hlobo esi sifo akunzima. Lubonakala kukuvela ubovu nokuthimliswa, isifo ngeempumlo igutyungelwe izilonda, kwebala, xa kutyhobozela ubuso kwingingqi nemihlathi kunye namehlo. Ubushushu okanye kuluhlu eqhelekileyo okanye eziphakamileyo kancinane, akukho ukunxila. Indawo engqonge impumlo Ijalele, kubonakala ofumileyo kwaye upholile. Kwimeko apho uhlobo zinetyhefu isifo kutyhobozela izidlele zeethishu ongama umqala.

umphimbo amehlo

Olu hlobo esi sifo kubhidaniswe conjunctivitis eziqhelekileyo. Kuba sifo esibonakala ububomvu kunye Ukudumba wobulali zenkulungwane conjunctiva. Xa kukho mincinci serosuppurative nokukutshelwa ifomu catarrhal. Xa ifomu membranous kwi conjunctiva kuvela bhanyabhanya ezingwevu-ezimhlophe ekunzima ukuba kususwe, ubushushu leyo eziphakamileyo kancinci. ngumngundo enetyhefu ine ukuqala yayiyazi. Iimvalo zidumbe, kukho ulwabiwo sukrovichno-ubovu umlinganiswa. Iinxalenye inwebu amehlo nyangatseka ube manzi, fuku neselulosi ngeenxa neziseko iliso.

Ukubola komqala esikhumba, zangasese, iindlebe

kweendlela ukubola komqala azixhaphakanga kwaye kaninzi Ukuphuhlisa kunye nezinye iintlobo esi sifo. Zonke ezi ezahlukeneyo ezi mpawu eziqhelekileyo esi sifo: ukudumba, anozizi ulusu kunye uxakaxa imifinya, ukutyabeka fibrinous phezu kommandla ochaphazelekayo, iindawo nkovu lommandla asha buhlungu.

Xa ukubola komqala oyindoda umthondo inkqubo zophendlo lwezifo buzinze ijwabi. Kwabasetyhini, oku kungawunwenisa kwi perineum, ezimpundu, lobufazi kwaye bamba kwiLibia. Ngelo xesha kunokubangela ukopha serous. Ukuba kunzima ukuchama, kuba buhlungu.

Kulusu ukubola komqala inkqubo zophendlo lwezifo senzeka kummandla apho ngokwendawo intertrigo, amanxeba, onokhwekhwe okanye ngundo. Kubonakala coating gray engcolile eluswini, ukubhobhoza serous-ubovu. ukunxila ngokubanzi anayenza.

Ngokwahlukeneyo kungenzeka ukuba ukhethe uhlobo esi sifo ukopha ukubola komqala. Yintoni na? Kule fomu kukho uyopha ukusuka kummandla ochaphazelekayo. Ukuba unyango kuphumelele, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyenziwa lo luphawu ukubola komqala okanye eziqhelekileyo isitya trauma. Ukuze wenze oku kufuneka ahlawule ingqalelo imeko yomguli kunye ubukho bezinye iimpawu.

ekuxilongweni

Ngokusekelwe uhlolo olubonakalayo bubukho bhanyabhanya ezithile, ukuphelelwa umoya eqhuqhumba kwi dude, ukukhonkotha ukhohlokhohlo kwafunyaniswa ukuba "umphimbo". Uxilongo lubandakanya iindlela ezongezelelweyo izifundo isetyenziselwe ukubonisa iintlobo ezithile nokuxilonga uhlobo Nedlac kwesi sifo.

Kwiimeko ezinjalo, sebenzisa indlela bacteriological uphando, nto leyo ke ukuba isigulana athathe swab of ukubola komqala ukusuka pharynx. Le ndlela ivumela ukuba ukuchonga pathogen kwaye bafunde iimpawu zayo ityhefu.

Indlela serological iyafuneka ukugqiba isidanga sifo Ingxabano Ubhaqo antitoxic kunye antibodies antibacterial.

Ukusebenzisa indlela yemfuza kuvavanywa DNA gciwane.

unyango umphimbo

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ubungqongqo sifo, ukubola komqala abadala kunye nabantwana ziphathwe kuphela esibhedlele. Isigulane kufuneka inamathele idayethi ebhedini ukuphumla. Ukuze Nokwethisa le exotoxin ukubola komqala kunye ayeke ukunxila ezilawulwa ukubola komqala serum (PDS). Ichiza kufuneka kwenziwa ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, oku kuya kukuphepha kuphuhliso iingxaki. Oku kuphumelela ngokukhethekileyo iintsuku-4 ukusuka ukuqala. Ichiza isetyenziswa nakumatyala osulelo olukrokrelwayo emva emehlweni umntu agule.

Ukongeza, isigulane emiselweyo amachiza, oku kunciphisa isixa pathogen, iimpawu kunxilwe uncipha. Ngokuqhelekileyo sebenzisa i "Ampicillin" "Amoxicillin", "Cephalexin", "Oksitsillin". Ukuba kuyimfuneko, amisele iihomoni (prednisolone amalungiselelo), antihistamines ( "Diazolin" "Suprastin" et al.), Antipyretics, iivithamini.

Ukuthintela stenosis, seSigqeba kufuneka kakuhle umoya, isigulane wabelwa ukuba isiselo efudumeleyo ngokohlobo iti okanye ubisi ngesoda, inhalation umphunga. Ukunciphisa hypoxia elawulwa ioksijini humidified nge samarhanana catheter. Ukuba ezi unyango musa ukunceda ukuphucula imeko yesigulane, oko wabelwe "Prednisolone".

Ukuba isigulane yenzekile ukusilela ezihlasela zosulele ngokuphefumla, kule meko kuyimfuneko ukuba athathe amanyathelo engxamisekileyo ukususa ifilimu. Ukulungiselela le njongo, sebenzisa nezifinyiso, impompo yombane. Kakhulu iimeko kakhulu akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle uqhaqho. Isigulane ilawulwa ityhubhu ukuphefumla kwingqula okanye noqhoqhoqho.

Xa isifo somqala kakhulu ezingenabungozi, laryngeal isifo somqala, Njengokungeniswa esosulelayo-eziyityhefu kunye nezinye iingxaki eziyingozi isigulane esibhedlele kwiyunithi labagula kakhulu.

ukungaphili

Le tyhefu, oveza isifo somqala inegciwane, ngoko nangoko yangena egazini, ibangela iingxaki kakhulu kwaye iyingozi. Bathe ezithile (ezinetyhefu) and non-ngqo.

Uphuhliso ezithile kakhulu kaninzi kwenzeka xa uhlobo zinetyhefu zesi sifo, nangona kunokwenzeka kwezinye iintlobo. Ezinobuzaza ziquka myocarditis, neuritis, nephrotic syndrome.

Myocarditis lungaba phambi kwexesha nasemva kwexesha. Early babe kwiveki 1-2 izifo. Ngexesha enzima, ukusilela inhliziyo okuqhubekayo. Xa izigulane ukuba iintlungu esiswini, ukugabha, ukubetha ophilisayo. Kukho ukukrokra iSystolic intliziyo, arrhythmias, ukuncipha ngesiquphe uxinzelelo lwegazi. Ukwanda isibindi lube ethe.

myocarditis emva kwexesha, nto leyo iqalisa kwiiveki 3-4, unalo ikhondo elihle kakhulu.

A ingxaki obabuthandwa ukubola komqala - phambi kwexesha nasemva kwexesha ekukhubazekeni iyathamba. Kwiveki yesibini sifo ukuze aphuhlise ukukhubazeka yokuqala kwimithambo- cranial. Isiguli siqala ilizwi ngeempumlo, ubunzima ophawulwe yokuginya, ingekho reflex kuya inkalakahla ethambileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha isigulane akakwazi ukufunda yaye ukwahlula phakathi kwezinto ezincinane.

Emva kweeveki 4-5, kusenokuba ukukhubazeka iyathamba kwexesha. Ku Ncitshisiwe ikhaliphe imicu, ziphawulwe buthathaka kwezihlunu, ulungelelwaniso kakuhle.

Ukuba izihlunu nqa entanyeni kunye buti, umntu akanako ibe kwindawo ehleli, kuba nzima ukugcina intloko yakho. Mhlawumbi uphuhliso laryngeal uphelelwa ngamandla, pharynx, uvalo. Oku kukhokelela kwilahleko yelizwi kunye ukubonakala Ukhohlokhohlo cwaka, isigulana kunzima ukuginya, isisu owawanyayo.

Kwisigaba nokoyika esi sifo ukuphuhlisa nephrotic syndrome. Le umchamo baphawula kwenani leeprothini, ngaphezulu iiseli ezibomvu eqhelekileyo iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Ngaloo ndlela umsebenzi sezintso akukho kakuhle.

Kuba iingxaki non-ngqo ziquka inyumoniya, amajelo otitis, lymphadenitis, kunye nabanye.

Outlook

I-ALS ixhomekeke kwindlela nzima eyenzeka sifo ukubola komqala serum ixesha unyango, kwakunye nokuphuhliswa iingxaki ezahlukeneyo.

Xa lesibini Ngosuku lwesihlanu sifo ukufa kungenzeka ikakhulu ngokohlobo umphimbo ityhefu. Isizathu - mothuko ziyityhefu kwaye zizalwa. Emva kweeveki ezimbini okanye ezintathu ukususela ekuqaleni ukufa sifo oluphumayo myocarditis kakhulu.

ukuvimbela

Ukuthintela kungcono kunokunyanga, ingakumbi esiyingozi njenge ukubola komqala. Yintoni na, ukuba sele safumana, kodwa njani na uzikhusele wena? Lo mqathango main lokunqanda na - na kogonyo, oluqhutywa ngokwe nkqubo ukususela kwiminyaka kweenyanga ezi-3, ngokwamanqanaba amathathu. Ugonyo lesi sifo iqukiwe kwinkqubo yogonyo. ukusetyenziswa DTP lwamachiza okanye ezinye, equka toxoid ukubola komqala. Abantu abadala kufuneka booster ukugcina amandla okukwazi ukulwa ukubola komqala.

Nokuba ukwenza ugonyo nxamnye umphimbo? Kakade ke, eli yeza - oku akuyongqinisekiso ukuba uza kugula, kodwa izifo ziza kwenzeka lula kwaye ngaphandle iingxaki kakhulu. revaccination omdala yenziwa qho emva kweminyaka elishumi.

Uthintelo bolu ukubola komqala kuya kuthintela ukusasazeka kosulelo. Isigulana kufuneka ngoko nangoko ikheswa kwaye ukhangele abantu wadibana naye. Kuchongwe abathwali ukubola komqala Ezi kwakhona ikheswa aze amisele unyango kuyimfuneko.

Xa eziguqulweyo kunye nezikolo waqalisa indawo yesifo, apho umguli, iintsholongwane. Isigulane kufuneka esibhedlele de awusenayo, nto ingqinwa iimvavanyo ezimbini kunye japan ezimbi.

Umntu othe wahlaselwa sisifo evelisa nezifo idlule. kweminyaka elishumi kamva, yena uyakwazi ugula, kodwa izifo ziza kwenzeka lula.

Ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela imiqathango ugonyo kunye revaccination yancitshiswa ukujongana ngezikhondo zamehlo antidiphtheria nezifo kwaye zifuneka kuqala ukuze uphuhliso sifo. ukubola komqala zigonywe unomoya, iingxaki zinqabile.

prophylaxis Nonspecific of ukubola komqala - ukuqaqadeka, ukuzilolonga, okunesondlo, ukuphefumla umoya.