Thyristors - yintoni na le nto? Umgaqo ukusebenza kunye neempawu thyristors

Thyristors - igunya itshintshela ngekhompyutha ilawulwa ngokupheleleyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iincwadi zobugcisa, ungabona elinye igama le sixhobo - single-injongo thyristor. Ngamanye amazwi, phantsi kwempembelelo umqondiso yolawulo, ukuba utshintshela kwenye imo - uqhuba. Ukuba ngaphezulu ethile, kuquka chain. Ukuba oko icinyiwe, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukudala iimeko ezizodwa ezibonelela imenyu ngoku ngqo kwisekethe ku nothi.

iimpawu thyristors

Thyristor keys ukuqhuba umbane kuphela kwicala phambili, kwaye ukumelana ngqo nje kuphela kwindawo esekhusini, kodwa ombane umva. Ubume thyristor-umaleko ezine, kukho izigqibo ezintathu:

1. Le anode (zibonakaliswe yi unobumba A).
2. Le cathode (unobumba C okanye K).
3. Isango electrode (U okanye G).

Xa thyristors kuba yonke intsapho iimpawu zangoku-ombane, ukuba ingasetyenziswa kugweba imeko element. Thyristors - a amaqhosha enamandla kakhulu elektroniki, bayakwazi ukwenza iisekethe isenza, amandla ombane ayi unakho ukufikelela volts 5000 kwaye kul - 5000 amperes (nezihlandlo umkhulu 1000 Hz).

thyristors Umsebenzi DC

thyristor Eqhelekileyo yasebenza ngokunika ukubetha kwentliziyo zangoku kwi terminal yolawulo. Ngaphezu koko, kufuneka ilunge (ngokumalunga cathode). Ixesha eliya kuthathwa umthwalo zezomzuzwana uhlobo oxhomekeke (zokuqala, esebenzayo), lo awo kunye nezinga nokuvela ubume bangoku kwisekethe wolawulo, iqondo lobushushu yikristale semiconductor kunye ombane isicelo kunye thyristors ezikhoyo kwisekethe yangoku. Iimpawu beesekethe luxhomekeke ngqo kwi uhlobo lwe element semiconductor.

Kuloo zeesekethe, apho thyristor kukuthi, ngokungamkelekanga izinga isahlakalo eliphezulu ombane avuke. Oko kukuthi, ixabiso enjalo apho utshintshe nje element ezizenzekelayo (nokuba akukho uphawu kwisekethe control). Kodwa ngexesha elifanayo uphawu yolawulo kufuneka kwithambeka phezulu kakhulu.

ngeendlela off

iintlobo ezimbini ubane thyristors zezi:

1. Natural.
2. Kwabantu ngenkani.

Kwaye ngoku iinkcukacha ezingakumbi malunga ngamnye. kuvela Natural xa thyristor isebenza kwisekethe AC. Yaye oku commutation xa yangoku uwela kiswano. Kodwa ukwenza loo utshintshe nje ngenkani inokuba ezininzi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Yintoni ulawulo thyristor ukukhetha umqambi zokusombulula wesekethe, koko kufuneka athethe uhlobo ngalunye ngokwahlukeneyo.

Eyona ndlela udla ukudibanisa i capacitor commutation ngenkani eye icala ngokusebenzisa iqhosha (iqhosha) kwangaphambili. LC-beesekethe iqukiwe kwisekethe wolawulo thyristor. Le chain iqulethe capacitor igcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo. okunzulu ezidlulayo kwenzeka kwisekethe umthwalo yangoku.

olwenze Indlela ngenkani

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi olwenze ngenkani. Kudla kusetyenziswa wesiphaluka, esebenzisa capacitor ziguquka ukuba wokwephuka ingene. Hi xikombiso, le capacitor banoku bajikeleze esebenzisa thyristor nkarhinyana. Oku kuya kubangela ukuba ukugxothwa ukuya ephambili (zomsebenzi) thyristor. Oku kuya kubangela ukuba ngoku capacitor ngqo ukuya thyristor ngqo yangoku engundoqo, kuya kunciphisa yangoku kwisekethe phantsi ku nothi. Ngenxa yoko, kuya kubakho off thyristor. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba icebo thyristor uneempawu zawo ezikhethekileyo kuye.

Kukho kwakhona izikimu apho LC-enxulumene chain. Bona alahlwayo (kwaye isahlukile). Ekuqaleni obhobhozayo ngoku siza umsebenzi, neemfundiso zabo emva kokuba hlengiso icinyiwe thyristor. Emva chain of current oscillatory aqukuqela thyristor kwi diode semiconductor. Ngoko ke, logama nje kwemali zangoku thyristor uyasetyenziswa a ombane. It modulo elingana ukuhla ombane ngapha diode.

thyristors Umsebenzi kwiisekethe AC

Ukuba thyristor zibandakanywa kwisekethe AC, enokwenziwa imisebenzi enjalo:

1. Yenza okanye khubaza yombane kunye esebenzayo-resistive okanye umthwalo resistive.
2. Tshintsha avareji kunye RMS okhoyo idlula umthwalo, kunye nokukwazi ukulawula umqondiso yolawulo unikezelo.

Xa thyristor keys, kukho inkalo mnye - baqhuba ngoku kwicala elinye kuphela. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba kwi iziphaluka kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa ifildi ngoku, kuyimfuneko ukuba isicelo uqhagamshelwano sokubala-ngaxeshanye. iimpawu zangoku kunye avareji yangoku ingahluka ngenxa yokuba ixesha yomqondiso phezu thyristors ezahlukeneyo. Kulo mzekelo, amandla thyristor kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno ubuncinane.

Indlela yokulawula Isigaba

Xa isigaba yolawulo uhlobo indlela nge hlengiso umthwalo ziguquka ngenkani kwenzeka ngokuguqula engile phakathi izigaba. usuke ezingezizo kungenziwa ngendlela iziphaluka ezizodwa, okanye ndoza kuwe kufuneka usebenzise ezilawulwa ngokupheleleyo (ezitshixwayo) thyristors. On nesiseko sayo, ngokuqhelekileyo wenza isixhobo itshaja thyristor, leyo ikuvumela ukunyenyisa inqaba ngoku , ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba kwentlawulo bebhetri.

ulawulo ububanzi Pulse modulated

Libizwa ngokuba PWM kwezwi. Ngexesha kuvulwa uphawu ulawulo abonelelwe ngawo thyristors. Zinakho zivulekile, kwaye zinamandla umthwalo. Ngexesha lokuvalwa (ngexesha inkqubo yenguqu yonke) ondliwa umqondiso ulawulo, kungoko thyristors musa ukuqhuba yangoku. Ekuphumezeni ulawulo isigaba igophe ngoku ayikho sinusoidal, utshintsho ifomu umqondiso ombane kulo. Ngenxa yoko, kukho kwakhona ziphazamise abathengi athe avelana uqhushululu asetyenziswa rhoqo (ukungavumelani livela). design esilula komlawuli thyristor, ezivumela akukho ngxaki ukutshintsha ixabiso olifunayo. Kwaye akukho mfuneko ukusebenzisa omkhulu Latro.

thyristors ezitshixwayo

Thyristors - oku a iiswitshi enamandla kakhulu ngekhompyutha kusetyenziswa ululayite yombane eliphezulu nemisinga. Kodwa khona apho baya kuba siphaku omnye ezinkulu - ulawulo ayiphelelanga. Kwaye ukuba ngqo, kubonakala ukuba ukucima thyristor kuyimfuneko ukudala iimeko apho lwangoku ngqo aya kuncitshiswa abe zero.

Yiyo lo msebenzi inyanzela eminye imiqathango ekusetyenzisweni thyristors, kwaye nzima isiphaluka esekelwe phezu kwazo. Ukuze lahla ethile enjalo, uyilo eyodwa thyristors, apho zivaliwe uphawu kwesinye ulawulo electrode sele ziphuhlisiwe. Loo maKristu abizwa ngokuba dvuhoperatsionnymi, okanye itshixiwe, thyristors.

Uyilo thyristor turn-off

isakhiwo layer-ezine p-n-p-n ukusuka thyristor uneempawu zawo. Babanike abahlukeneyo ukususela thyristors oluqhelekileyo. Ngoku uya element ngokupheleleyo yolawulo. UMgaqo-nkqubo we-ombane uphawu (ezingashukumiyo zosetyenziso) ukwenzela kwicala phambili iyafana naleyo na thyristors zesiqhelo. Nazi nje thyristor ngqo yangoku basenokugqithisela kude ngakumbi kwixabiso. Kodwa uvimba umsebenzi aphezulu ombane umva kwi thyristors itshixiwe ungekho. Ngoko ke, kufuneka adityaniswe kwi anti-ngaxeshanye kunye lo diode semiconductor.

A phawu uphawu kwesango thyristor Tyhila-off - ukuhla kakhulu yombane phambili. Ukuze lokuqhawula, ukufakwa kufuneka imveliso kolawulo ukubetha kwentliziyo enamandla yangoku (elibi, xa om-1: 5 ukuya kwixabiso ngqo current). Kodwa ububanzi ukubetha kuphela ukuba libe ezincinane kangangoko kunokwenzeka - 10 ... 100 ms. thyristors ezitshixwayo anexabiso umda osezantsi ombane kwaye ngoku kunesiqhelo. Umahluko malunga 25-30%.

iintlobo thyristors

Ngaphezu babegqalwa ezitshixwayo, kodwa kusekho iintlobo ezininzi thyristors semiconductor, nayo ekubalulekileyo ukuzikhankanya. Kule ezakhiwe ezininzi ezahlukeneyo (iitshaja, itshintshela, nabalawuli amandla) asebenzise iintlobo ezithile thyristors. efunekayo indawo ukulawula ukwenziwa ngokunika wobhobhozayo ukukhanya, ke ngoko, wasebenzisa optotiristors. msebenzi wayo kukuba yikristale semiconductor isetyenziswa kwisekethe ulawulo, apho iso ukukhanya. Iparameters thyristors yahlukile, zonke iimpawu ezikhethekileyo kubo. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ubuncinane kwi ingcinga jikelele oko iintlobo semiconductors, kukho kwaye zingasetyenziswa apho ke. Ngoko ke, nalu uluhlu lonke kunye neempawu eziphambili uhlobo ngalunye:

1. Diode-thyristor. Omfunayo kule element - le thyristor elidityaniswe anti-enxuseneyo semiconductor diode.
2. diode Shockley (diode thyristor). Uyakwazi ukuya zibe kwimeko Uhanjiso ngokupheleleyo, ukuba kudlule umntu kwinqanaba elithile ombane.
3. Triac (sym thyristor). Ezilinganayo - thyristors ezimbini zifakiwe kwi anti-ngaxeshanye.
4. Thyristor inverter fast ngesantya ziguquka eliphezulu uyahluka (5 ... 50 ms).
5. Thyristors ukulawula FET. Wena uyakwazi ukufumana ulwakhiwo ngokusekelwe MOS transistors.
6. thyristors Optical, elawula ukuhamba ukukhanya.

Ukuphunyezwa element yokhuseleko

Thyristors - zizixhobo ukuba nezibaluleke kakhulu izinga ngokuvela ombane phambili ekhoyo kunye phambili. Kubo, njengoko ngenxa ode semiconductor, luphawulwa mkhuba nokungena yangoku recovery umva, leyo fast kakhulu kwaye kabukhali uyawa zero, ukongeza koku okuba bacaca. Le overvoltage kungenxa yokuba eyeka yangoku ngokukhawuleza zonke iziqalelo wesekethe, ezo inductance (nokuba ultra inductance eliphantsi uphawu ibandla - ezi ngcingo, umkhondo card). Ukuphumeza ukhuseleko oluyimfuneko ukusebenzisa zezikim ezahlukeneyo ukuvumela iindlela obuluqilima ezikhusela yombane eliphezulu nemisinga.

Ngokwesiqhelo, le ukuvimba ezenza ukuba le umthombo wamandla ombane, nto leyo ifakiwe yokusebenza thyristor wesiphaluka, unalo ixabiso onjalo ukuba ngaphezu ngokwaneleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho ezinye ziquka ezinye inductance yesekethe olongezelelweyo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, xa kusenziwa rhoqo kusetyenziswa chain ukubunjwa isenza i endleleni leyo kunciphisa kakhulu izinga kunye nenqanaba kwesidingo kwisekethe xa thyristor icinyiwe. Capacitive-Resistive chain ngokufuthi esetyenziselwa le njongo. Ziquka i thyristor ngaxeshanye. Kukho kakhulu iintlobo ezimbalwa zokuguqulwa yesekethe iziphaluka enjalo, kwakunye ubuchule ukubala kwabo, elinkeza nokusebenza thyristors ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nemiqathango. Ke umendo chain ukwakhiwa isenza i turn-off thyristor iyafana naleyo transistors.