Standard kunye nobukhulu ngokupheleleyo manqanaba: GOST, iimpawu kunye neziphakamiso

Ezinyukweni ingaphakathi ngaphandle sele phantse yonke ekhaya. Qokelela ezinjalo izakhiwo babekwa pre-nokubhalwa. Ekuphuhliseni imizobo, kubalulekile ukuba ukuthobela yonke imithetho ebekwe yi isniphu ne GOST. Ingakumbi kumayelana a leri ezakhiweyo ezifana element, njengoko ngezigaba. Kufuneka ngakumbi robust nethembekileyo. Khetha ubungakanani amanyathelo elihamba ileli uhambo kunye nokuvulwa kufuneka ezifana ukuwasa ukuze bonwabe. Ukongeza, ubume babo kuba kwaye ekhuselekileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

iintlobo leri

Nakwiintendelezo kunye ngaphakathi ezindlwini ingafakwa bayitwabulula iseyilana izakhiwo ezilandelayo kwiintlobo:

• Uphumile. Olu hlobo luqhelekileyo kwizinyuko. Inqanaba ke eqhele ukunyuswa kwi kosour okanye umtya. EMANZINI kunokuba lula okanye ukujikajika. Ukuba lilungiselelo pad akunakwenzeka ngenxa yokunqongophala kwendawo ezi izakhiwo ntoni kujikwa usebenzisa winders.
• Screw. Olu khetho ibonakala iza mihla kakhulu kwaye kuthatha isithuba ngaphantsi kakhulu. nobhazabhaza kwezinto efakiweyo banokuba nayiphi na inxalenye endlwini okanye eyadini, hayi nje eludongeni. Ukusukela ukuba ngokuqhelekileyo ngeenxa zonke. Amanyathelo anjalo leri trapezoidal incanyathiselwa esibondeni engundoqo. Ngamanye amaxesha izindlu neentendelezo nazo efakwe nobhazabhaza siba yoxande. Kulo mzekelo, kwezoyilo zabo ziquka pads ezimbini. Ngelishwa, olu guqulelo yohlukile ngumsina, kwaye ke ngoko wasebenzisa enqabile.
• Nkqo. Olu hlobo izinyuko lidla isetyenziswe umlilo, ngokuba wawaphakamisa kwi eliphezulu okulala okanye ekuhleni kwindawo zokugcina. Ezi leri iiasi nje ezimbini, phakathi apho bar igcwele. Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili kubo: leri ezisisigxina. Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi leri yokusonga ntoni.

Efake leri rotary nje kwekota (90) kunye poluoborotnymi (180 degrees). uyilo Screw, enyanisweni, ngohlobo lwazo. Ukujikeleza leri ezinjalo olwenziwe e 180 c. Emva koko, khangela into kuzo zonke ezi zifo ubungakanani amanyathelo. Standard ichaza amanani ngqo ikakhulu ngenxa nobhazabhaza lwezakhiwo yokuhlala. Ngokukodwa, kwiimeko ezininzi, ukukhetha eyiyo (kodwa hayi ngaphaya iimfuno isniphu), ububanzi, nobude, nobunzulu kunye nokuphakama.

iimfuneko jikelele

Xa Wahlanganisa ngezinyuko naluphi na uhlobo kufuneka athobele imithetho ezinjalo jikelele:

• Inani izigaba ngoMatshi omnye mayingagqithi iiyunithi 17. Inani Ubuncinane kungaba nantoni na. Kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ezitepsini kukho amanyathelo-3 ubuncinane. ezi imingcelele ikhuselekileyo ezinenani elingumnqakathi kubo.
• Ukuphakama amanyathelo ngezinyuko kufuneka ilingane. A bit ngaphezu kwabo bonke abanye ingaba lokuqala kuphela.
• Issue isigaba inkulu kakhulu ukuba uyenze akuvumelekanga. Kungenjalo, benyuka ngezinyuko umntu kukhubeka nje. Imimiselo nokuchaza ubude ukukhululwa akukho mm ngaphezu kwama-30.
• Umgama ukusuka kwinqanaba eliphezulu ukuya emnyango wangaphambili kufuneka ubuncinane 1 m. Xa kunjalo musa vumela ndawo ububanzi emnyango.

Iimpawu manqanaba zokwakha

Equka i element engundoqo ileli of iinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili:

• anyathele inkxaso othe tye;
• risers nkqo.

Ububanzi yobude yokuqala neyesibini xa kuyilwa kufanele kube lula ukubala ngenyameko. Ivela kwezi zalathisi ezimbini emhlabeni kwaye zixhomekeke lula kunye nokhuseleko hambo. Ngamanye amaxesha izinyuko ukwenza ngaphandle risers. Iindleko ezinjalo ezakhiwe kubiza, kodwa khangela ngaphantsi ngokucokisekileyo.

Ubude manqanaba

Izinyuko eya endlwini okanye kwelo gumbi, ngokwemigangatho isniphu lumele lenze qatha. Isigaba Standard, imiselwa liSebe GOST ogama imilinganiselo abe ubude ongekho ngaphantsi kwe-90 cm., Kodwa kangangoko ukuba umlinganiselo 1-1.5 m. Kule matshi zinyuka zisihla lisasazwe abantu kakuhle.

ubunzulu hambo

Ububanzi kangangoko izinyuko ezikhokelela isithuba ephilileyo, loo nto ithathwa 30cm Xa kunjalo, ngokwemigaqo, kufuneka bungabi ngaphantsi kwe-25 cm (kuba ongaphantsi - 26 cm) eli nani .. Oko kukuthi, ububanzi kombisaka kufuneka yenziwe ngohlobo lokuba kube lula lungena kwi unyawo omdala.

Ngaphandle kule mgaqo kuphela jija isikhonkwane kunye leri nkqo. Amanyathelo icala trapezoidal emxinwa kufuneka abe ububanzi kwi-10 cm. Leri nkqo, leri a inyathelo, kwaye ingakumbi, kufuneka kokukhanya mobile. Ngoko ke, ububanzi manyathelo alulawulwa yimimiselo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, le izinga 5-10 cm. Mlilo izakhiwo zentsimbi kunye amanyathelo ukuze bonke eyenziwe noboya intonga ubukhulu 15-20mm.

kufuneka ibe yintoni ubude?

Leli nani kufuneka athathe ingqalelo engile utyekelo kolo hambo. Ibhanile amanyathelo ubungakanani ngezinyuko eziphathekayo xa kwizakhiwo eziphakamileyo, umzekelo, inika ubudlelwane zilandelayo:

• kuyilo kunye ithambeka we-1: 2 - 125-145 mm;
• nge ojonge 1: 1.5 - 143 okanye 168 mm.

Le ndlela yokugqibela echaziweyo idla kusetyenziswa leri kuhla aye ongaphantsi okanye lift imbala. Ububanzi kombisaka kwi izakhiwo engena eziphathekayo usoloko-30 cm abe kwigumbi elingaphantsi kunye ngezinyuko eliphezulu -. 26 cm.

Xa izindlu Isigaba yabucala ngokuqhelekileyo wenze ukuphakama 150-200 mm. Yile uluhlu kwemimiselo yokwakha isniphu. Iqondo eliphezulu ukuphakama lobeko kuxhomekeke ikakhulu ekukhuleni labantu abahlala kweli khaya, ububanzi inkundla yabo.

Amacala amanyathelo: ukubala njani lusebenze?

Xa ukuyila leri bangaphandle okanye bangaphakathi na ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa ifomula ezinjalo:

• A + B = 450 mm (uhambo ukuthembeka);
• B-A = 120 mm (ukhuseleko).

"A" kule meko - ukuphakama phayiphu, "B" - ububanzi kombisaka. Ratio ulwazi iimpawu zokhuseleko ogqibeleleyo kunye nokuthembeka ibalwa komjikelo ifomula 2A + B = 600 mm.

Imilinganiselo amanyathelo ale ngezinyuko ekhaya zixhomekeke, ngokukodwa, yaye ekubeni ezisetyenziselwa imveliso yalo mbandela. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, ububanzi umgangatho ibhodi 75-275 mm kunye ukushiyana 25 mm. Kuba anyathele ezifanelekileyo 250 mm kunye 275 mm eziphathekayo. iibhodi ebanzi kulo mzekelo, ukusetyenziswa alifanelekile. Kuba risers bakutshelwe ezithathwe kwi eziphathekayo 150, 175 okanye 200 mm. Eyona lula ukuqwalasela ukhetho yesibini kunye yokugqibela.

Xa ileli ngezitena baqhele ukuba babe ububanzi 250 mm. ukuphakama kwawo yaye kwiimeko ezininzi kuthetha 177-178 mm. Le milinganiselo zimiselwa nemilinganiselo ngezinyuko zokufunda (ubude 250 mm, ukuphakama 88 mm). Xa ukwakhiwa amaziko oku iintlobo bavamise ukuphakama nezitena ezibini. Leyo 88 nje phinda ngo-2 kwaye udibanise 1-2 cm kwi ezivuzayo.

Kuba nezigaba metal kunye eziphathekayo ubude stairways kuyimfuneko parameters, ububanzi njalo njalo. E. Ikhethwa kuphela iindleko eziphathekayo kunye usebenziso olulula.

Yintoni enye ekufuneka ndiziqondile?

Ke kufuneka sibe yintoni na umgangatho kunye nobukhulu ngokupheleleyo amanyathelo, siye safumanisa. Noko ke, xa zisenza ngezinyuko projekthi kufuneka athathe ingqalelo kwenye sisalathisi esibalulekileyo. Xa ukhetha izakhiwo yeplanga izinto kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo balo babulingana nesandla. Kakade ke, ibhodi ibhityile kakhulu angafanele kuthatha ukuya ezitepsini. Kungenjalo, kuya ezingakhuselekanga kwakhona elifutshane elide.

Ububanzi yintende yamaplanga ezimiselwe umlinganiselo 1:20 ukuya ububanzi bayo. Inika esima olwaneleyo ukhuseleko. Oko kukuthi, ibhodi inyathelo ububanzi 250 mm kufuneka ubudeki esingekho ngaphantsi kwe 12.5 mm. Kuba edlulisa Ungasebenzisa izinto thinner. Ukucanda ibhodi e sentimitha elingqingqwa kulo mzekelo, oko kudla ngokwaneleyo. Ngamanye amaxesha isithuba nkqo phakathi yintende kwaye ivalwe ngamaplanga nje.

izinyuko eziphathekayo kwinqanaba lokugqibela lidla benze iithayile. Ngoko ke, xa kubalwa ukuphakama, ububanzi amanyathelo kusoloko kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo ububanzi eziphathekayo. Kwi-tile, eli nani ongowona 4-9 mm. Tiles amatye zendalo unokuba ubukhulu enkulu kakhulu 1-2 cm.

isiphelo

Phantsi ukuthobela yonke imithetho ezichazwe ngasentla, endlwini okanye eyadini, ungenza kuqokelela leri kakhulu bekhululekile kwaye ixesha elide. Kakade ke, ukubala ubungakanani amanyathelo - oku kuphela isiqingatha edabini. Xa Wahlanganisa leri kufuneka babe nelungelo lokukhetha ubude nonyeliso (hayi ngaphantsi kwe-90 cm), iindlela izinto entengo (iinkuni - iibholiti kuphela) .., Tshekisa angle, njl Noko ke, ukuthembeka amanyathelo emhlabeni kwaye imisela ukhuseleko kunye nentuthuzelo kwezakhiwo ezinjalo. Oku kuthetha ukuba, ukuba ukonga eziphathekayo uye ngaphaya kuvumelekile parameters ubude, ububanzi, ubude kunye ubukhulu kulo mzekelo angafanele ngayo.