Siqala - yintoni na le nto? Yokubola iinjongo. Intsingiselo "yokubola"

Namhlanje, kwixesha yokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza emhlabeni wedijithali ukuhlala ngesantya iziganeko ezinzima. Ukuze ufumane konke kufuneka abekwe kakuhle iinjongo, iinjongo, ukuba awabe kunye umthunywa. Logic kunye nocazululo - abancedisi best ekusombululeni iingxaki ezintsonkothileyo. Omnye izixhobo yinto eyakhiwa yokubola nengqondo. Makhe siqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha.

definition

Ngokubanzi, intsingiselo yokubola - iCandelo lonke zibe kumacandelo. Yinto nqubo pretty alula nangqalileyo kunceda imihla ukusombulula iingxaki oluntsokothileyo baboniswe njengoko sum of iinxalenye. Ukwakhiwa ubhalo yokubola nkqubo - bubuchule yenzululwazi ukusombulula ingxaki enkulu endaweni umsebenzi walo eziliqela amancinci lula.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, siqala lwenziwa usebenzisa i "ngumthi ingxaki", "umthi iinjongo", "umthi isigqibo", "umsebenzi iinkuni", ulwakhiwo apho bakha isakhiwo ecacileyo oluneqela elinegunya, kuquka ngaphantsi nkqo nkqo kunye feedbacks.

iimpawu

Isiseko salo naliphina yokubola - i ngaphantsi noshowo imithetho yendlela. Fundamental kwaye elawula le nkqubo iyonke mithetho zezi zilandelayo:

1) inkqubo kwinqanaba Soloko kufuneka iqalwe.

Indlela siqala isekelwe kwinqanaba owayamileyo elisezantsi eliphezulu. Oku kuzuzwa ngokuthi kuqaliswe ngolwakhiwo isakhiwo oluneqela elinegunya usebenzisa ebizwa ngokuba "imithi".

Okokuqala wenza ukwakha umthi ingxaki kunye neenjongo umthi ukuba ngokucacileyo abangaboniyo bamele yonke imisebenzi ezifumaneka ngalo mzuzu. Kule ukuzithoba kufuneka ikhangeleke ngolu ukuze umsebenzi kumgangatho osezantsi ityhila kakuhle eli imisebenzi kwinqanaba eliphezulu, yaye zonke-iingxaki nkqutyana yiprojekthi luphela. Ukuqonda umfanekiso ipesenti komsebenzi yokubola zeprojekthi ngqo kunye epheleleyo iza kuphela xa umthi iinjongo igcwele kwi-100%.

Ikhokelwa algebra elula olusesikweni logic, kunokwenzeka kwakhona ukwakha 'emthini kwaye' kunye 'imithi okanye ".

2) Balani yonke lezabelo kufuneka kwenzeka kuphela phawu enye.

Lo mgaqo kuthetha ukuba bonke sub-imisebenzi kuya kuxhomekeka ingcamango enye kunye nenjongo. Ngokomzekelo, le yokubola inokuba iprojekthi yokwakha. Njengoko hlulo iphambili yamkela inkalo esebenza, iprojekthi yahlulwe yangamacandelo. Umzekelo, oku kubandakanya la macandelo alandelayo: ukwakhiwa ufakelo lwesamente (QOL) kunye nezisombululo zokwakha (AR), izakhiwo zesinyithi (CM), ukufudumeza kunye komoya (OS), njl Ngenxa yoko, le mimandla kufuneka kwakhona kwaphulwa phantsi umsebenzi, oko kukuthi kwinqanaba elilandelayo sub-ekujoliswe kufuneka yile iinjongo eziphambili. Umzekelo, ukufudumeza kunye komoya icandelo (S) wahlulwe yi inothi explanatory, imizobo, umhombiso, indlela ulawulo normative kunye nokuhlolwa zobugcisa, amaxwebhu, ukubeka iliso, ulungiso ngokutsho kumazwi njalo njalo.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha elibekiweyo (ixesha) nazo zinokusetyenziswa njengoko bebubalaselisa, bengavumi iimpawu, iimpawu zezakhiwo, iimpawu processing, kunye nabanye.

3) Zonke ezisezantsi yokubola kufuneka lixele kakuhle le nkqubo.

Ukuba ngqondweni umsebenzi omkhulu njenge-100%, ngoko yonke imisebenzi yayo esezantsi kufuneka enze enye 100% iyonke. Kulo mzekelo, sub-msebenzi ngalinye kwinqanaba lokuqala iqulathe ipesenti ulawulo emele inani yayo kwinqanaba lesibini.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba bonke ezahlulwe sisithuba kwinqanaba elinye imisebenzi yayo esezantsi kufuneka bazimele geqe ngabanye, lo gama iqela elinegunya imisebenzi kwisebe efanayo kufuneka zisekelwe kumgaqo ukuxhomekeka kunye nengxelo: mngeni kwizinga eliphezulu ixhomekeke subtask yayo vice versa.

4) ukufunda Ubunzulu yokubola kufuneka sizimisele ekuqaleni.

Phambi kokuba wenze isakhiwo oluneqela elinegunya, kufuneka wenze isigqibo sokuba ziziphi kuba kwinqanaba lokugqibela yayo. Kwezinye iimeko ke akukho mfuneko ukwenza ezininzi amanqanaba, ekubeni injongo yokubola yi ukubonakala. Kwimeko apho elinegunya idaliwe ukuba izibalo ngqo, nenani lamanqanaba kufuneka ezifana ukuvula umxholo iinkcukacha ezininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

ngezigaba

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho iindidi ezininzi yokubola. Unako ukudala iindlela zakho yeprojekthi ethile. Noko ke, ngendlela enye okanye omnye, baya acocwe ezingundoqo, oko kukuthi yokubola kweenjongo (nembono yokuqala nakwimigangatho ebalulekileyo), iinkqubo (inkqubo lokuqhekeza inkqubo ibe ezisezantsi ngenjongo zokufunda ufumane isiphumo best), inkqubo isebenza (lwemigangatho ngokuzoba isebenza kutyunjwa ubuthathaka kunye esizimeleyo ezingundoqo kuqala).

Ngokuqhelekileyo, zonke ezi iinkqubo zihlobene kwaye bamele ngokubanzi ngokupheleleyo isakhiwo yokubola.

yokubola imigomo

Ukuqalisa, akrwiqilizwe umthi ingxaki kunye neenjongo umthi. Umthi Ingxaki - into umzobo ibhloko iingxaki ezinkulu, aqhekeza kwingxaki kwinqanaba wesibini nowesithathu. Ngenxa yoko, baba lula kakhulu ukuyisombulula. Emva uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha iingxaki ubunjwe iinjongo imithi kuvumelekile iingxaki umthi. Oko kukuthi, ukuba wonke isisombululo ingxaki ezicetywayo. Oku kugcina ubume sele ilungiselelwe kunye yayo nelinye.

analysis of yesenzo

Yokubola umsebenzi - yinto ulwakhiwo ubhalo, oqala xa kuboniswe zonke iinjongo kunye nemingeni kwaye isakhiwo oluneqela onke amanyathelo ekufuneka wenziwe ukusombulula le okanye loo ngxaki.

Le ingqiqo ikuvumela ukuba ukuchonga milestones, leyo unee ngxaki. Ekubeni imisebenzi yayo esezantsi zixhomekeke imisebenzi ekwinqanaba eliphezulu, umsebenzi umthi sikuvumela ukuba ubone apho kukho iingxaki neentsilelo. ngenxa amaninzi ubuthathaka kwinqanaba lokuqala yokubola kuchaphazela umsebenzi kumanqanaba asezantsi.

Umzekelo, ukuba umthengi ayisetyenziswanga kwi ngezikhonkwane, ukuba ingxelo ayikho akhawunti kubanjwe kwaye musa ukuthenga kubo. Kwisiza zokwakha yonke kubalulekile oko, kuba installers inganeli ngezikhonkwane self-ngokuthinta.

reception zakudala

Ukuze uhlalutyo olubanzi kwezakhiwo, ukuchonga ubuthathaka zabo, iinjongo eziphambili kunye nezalathiso, imisebenzi, iiprojekthi kunye nemisebenzi eyenziwa ngaphandle iinkqubo yokubola.

Le nkqubo yahlulwe ngokuthe nkqo zibe kumanqanaba. Kufuneka zibe umfanekiso opheleleyo eso sakhiwo. iinkqubo siqala - lo ngumzekelo eqhelekileyo uluhlu malunga naluphi na uhlobo yokubola.

Isicelo kwishishini

Ukuchaza ucazulule umsebenzi iinkampani, njengoko umthetho, wasebenzisa inkqubo yokubola. Ngoncedo weqela legunya uyakwazi ukubona iingongoma ezibuthathaka inkampani, iindawo apho zenzeka ndoyisiwe.

Iinkqubo ukunciphisa scheme jikelele zihlalutywe, emva koko ingxelo eneenkcukacha malunga nkampani.

Umzekelo yokubola

Ngokomzekelo, cinga iprojekthi kulwakhiwo izinto zokwakha eyinkunzi. Development oluqhutywa amanyathelo 2: amaxwebhu zokusebenza kunye namaxwebhu yoyilo. Oku kuza kuba kumgangatho wokuqala sub-misebenzi. Ngelo xesha yoyilo le, ziya kuqhutywa isifundo eqikelelweyo kunye neeprojekthi. Ngelo yokusebenza step efanayo. Lo subtask kwinqanaba lesibini. Hi xikombiso, le projekthi idla ngokohlobo la macandelo alandelayo:

• Summary Executive;
• ocwangciso komhlaba umbutho ;
• izisombululo yezakhiwo;
• izisombululo eyakhayo isithuba-ucwangciso.

Kulandele sub-macandelo:

• inkqubo amandla;
• inkqubo yonikezelo lwamanzi;
• uhlelo lokulawula amanzi;
• zokufudumeza, umoya kunye air conditioning, ukufudumeza uthungelwano;
• ubuxhakaxhaka bezonxibelelwano;
• inkqubo yonikezelo gas;
• nezisombululo zeteknoloji.

Amacandelo kunye namacandelwana kweprojekthi kunye namaxwebhu ukusebenza - oku ke yayo kwinqanaba lesithathu.

Icandelo ngalinye iqulathe izigaba ezithile kwaye iqulathe ulwazi ngokungqinelana nemigangatho karhulumente. Umzekelo, ukuba icandelo le projekthi kwezobuchwepheshe izisombululo kufuneka ufake umbhalo nenkcazo eneenkcukacha inkqubo flowsheet kunye nezixhobo ezifunyenweyo, inxalenye graphic (izicwangciso, amacandelo, Ubeko), izixhobo eqhutywa, kuyilo lweprojekthi, utyelelo site, badlula ulawulo normative kunye nolawulo lobuchule, amaxwebhu ukukhululwa.

Kwinqanaba ngalinye, oqeshwe belifa uxanduva, ngoko leyo efunekayo result. Kulo mzekelo, kwinqanaba lokuqala yokubola beqonga - yintloko yesebe yoyilo, okwesibini - injineli oyintloko projekthi (GUI), eyesithathu - iinjineli design.

Ezona mpawu zibalulekileyo

Yokubola - eyona ndlela ekuqiqeni esesikweni, ukufunda esemgangathweni eyenziwayo ebandakanya le ngxaki iphambili, ngokutsho engundoqo injongo yomsebenzi. Oku kuqinisekisa inxaxheba abasebenzi kuwo onke amanqanaba ukujongana imisebenzi ekwinqanaba multi. Oku kuvumela i projekthi ngokufanelekileyo, kunye notyalo-mali oluncinane kunye nomgudu.