Radiology e Germany

Njengendlela yokuziqeqesha eselula, leyo kuqwalaselwa ukufunyanwa kwe-X reyi ngo-1895, ukuzala, ngemitha eJamani kunye namanye amazwe abathetha isiJamani yinxalenye ebalulekileyo isifo kwaye afumane unyango lwezifo ezininzi exhalabisayo njengoko Oncology, kwakunye nezinye specializations zonyango abaninzi.

Iwodi German Modern yahlulwe kumacandelo, ngokuxhomekeke organ ekujoliswe kunye nobudala nomonde. Ezi ziquka, umzekelo, Neuroradiology, esingethe umbandela luvo, mammography (isifundo unamadlala ababhinqileyo mammary), radiology ezingabantwana, njl
Kuye yakhetha oogqirha iwodi ukuxilonga 80% kwezifo ezinzulu. Oku kuyaqondakala, kuba ngokuhamba kwamaxesha, siyakubonga kuphuhliso ngemitha, GET ebomini umbala umfanekiso-ntathu kwegazi ngokupheleleyo walo naliphi na ilungu okanye indawo ebhedini nemithambo kwenkqubo musculoskeletal, sikhangele kuyo nayiphi engile kwaye kuyo naliphi icala. Kwakhona ifumaneka amagqirha ukuze kubonelelwa, kunye namacandelo virtual kwezakhiwo zikhankanywe ngasentla, 0.5 mm zamafu. Akubuzwa, ezifana ukuchana uxilongo kuphela kuphucula umgangatho, kodwa kwakhona lula ucwangciso ungenelelo zotyando, ukuba kuyimfuneko?

Kakade ke, akunakwenzeka singasathethi ke US - mhlawumbi inkqubo iintsimbi kuphela diagnostic ayinayo naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Namhlanje, ngenxa sonography Doppler, hayi kuphela 'ukuhlola' izibilini imithambo yegazi, kodwa ukufumanisa imeko yokumpompoza kwegazi kuzo, ukuba ukujonga ukufaneleka semigudu ngentliziyo ephambili.

Thile ngaphandle, oko kukuthi, kunjalo, mazifakwe kwi-ngemitha uxabisa eJamani-ebizwa ngokuba 'nuclear iyeza »(Nuklearmedizin), kusetyenziswa radiation zokuxilonga kunye nongenelelo ngamayeza nokunyanga. Le meko yendalo yafunyanwa ngama Genri Bekkerelem ngomnyaka emva kokuvulwa Conrad Roentgen X-reyi, leyo kamva ogama emva kwakhe. Ngokungafaniyo ne-X-reyi, ukusetyenziswa radiation yazo eluncedo engama-24 kuphela kamva, ephethe ngesandla ngokukhanya yemichiza Georges de Heves. Wasebenzisa izinto radioactive ukuba kophawu ukutya, apho bafaka engaphangeliyo, ukuze ukhangele ukuze ubone ukuba uzithoba kuye okuseleyo izolo eli kusuku olulandelayo? - Yiloo nto wayenza loo.

Kule mihla iingedosi ezincinane kwezinto radioactive kunye elifutshane kakhulu kwisiqingatha-ubomi zisetyenziselwa zokufumanis nangezilonda zingangeni exchange. Le ndlela isekelwe nokwanda okanye ukuncitshiswa isixa kwezi zinto kwiindawo ezithile apha emzimbeni. Iqela lokuqala ibandakanya, phakathi kwezinye izinto, le ithumba, kwaye loo nto ibizwa ngokuba "iqhosha lokulayita" maqhuqhuva lengqula yesibini, eziqulathe ingozi enokubakho ngenxa yobubi.

Iindibaniso kwinqanaba exchange iindlela umfanekiso kunye neengcaciso efunyenwe 1990, PET okanye i ukukhutshwa Itomography, enika echanileyo phi umfanekiso ngaphezu enye indlela ngokwahlukileyo. Okwangoku, Pet libhekisela iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo, hayi kuphela Oncology, kodwa lokufunyaniswa isifo sentliziyo (umzekelo, iposi engabalulekanga), isifo Parkinson kaThixo, sokuwa kunye uxilongo umahluko phakathi kokudakumba kunye dementia (dementia). Kwakhona kude ngaphambi ezinye iindlela zingaqinisekisa ngokugqibelela unyango kunye nokwenza utshintsho xa kuyimfuneko. Ngenxa yoko, Pet ubuncinane kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhliseni inxaxheba eJamani, indlela ngamnye ukuya ekunyangeni isigulane ngasinye, nto leyo legumbi nenguqulelo entsha wesiLungu.

Kunye uxilongo, izinto radioactive ezisetyenziswa kakhulu unyango lwezifo ezininzi. Kusetyenziso enyangayo ß-radiation ukuba utshisa ancedisana ezingqonge iimillimitha kuphela kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ayibeki ukuba ezinye umzimba phantse no-brainer. Ngoko ke ukusukela novalo zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini kunyango lengqula kusetyenziswa iodine.

Intsimi entsha isicelo iziyobisi radioactive na radiosinoviortezy ukuba kwindawo eyahlukileyo amayeza yenyukliya, yaye ngowe-1993 isicelo eJamani ukuba unyango kwezigulane kwamalunga kunye rheumatism.

German iwodi sibe nebhongo kunye nezinye ethe yafunyanwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kule ndawo. Sithetha radiology interventional, equka ungenelelo kancinane invasive ukuba amanyathelo ngokoqobo ngongoma-yotyando. uphazamiseko olunjalo ngokubanzi kakhulu kusetyenziswa - ukusuka iimpahla iingqameko ukuba ngamathumba. Ukuba yokucima okanye stenting yeempahla coronary wentliziyo, siye sakuqhela ekupheliseni a stenosis (exineneyo) kwemithambo yegazi lika nakubhontsi, umzekelo, isifo seswekile, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ubukhulu oovimba inokuba kakuhle akunanze amateurs nokuba oqondayo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kude kutshanje uphethwe enjalo aphela rhoqo kwakuthetha okwalandelwa ubuncinane umnwe.

Unyango yamathumba nazo azezi iziphumo imithambo yegazi, kodwa apha zonke zitshintshile. Stenosis kwemithambo yegazi wokondla inyama modified idaliwe ngokuzenzela. Ngokusebenzisa elincinane (ukusuka milimitha ezimbalwa ukuya-1 - 2 cm) liqatywe catheter, sebekhulile ithumba uze ngalo sitya olifunayo amaso ezincinane kwaziswa ebizwa ngokuba yi-arhente embolic. Ithumba engasekho zabonelelwa igazi phantsi ozothatha amabala kwithishyu. Ithathwa namhlanje njengoko fibroids zesibeleko ukuba, ngoxa ngokuqhelekileyo ubomi emngciphekweni, inokubangela ezininzi ukubandezeleka mfazi. Kude kube kamva nje, unyango kukugcina ukususwa ithumba nabungozi, kunye nayo, xa kakhulu, yaye inxalenye isibeleko.

Enye indlela yokwenza yi coagulation etshintshiweyo izihlunu, umzekelo, xa yamathumba ezithile esibindini. Kulo mzekelo ngqo nethumba ngesikhumba uwonke ushwankathelwa ngqo ixhokonxa malunga 1.5 mm ubukhulu, ezo ngexesha elifanayo emitters kanomathotholo okanye unxibelelwano ezitsho. Amaza ezintweni injalo nge welding neoplasm njengoko a oven. Ekubeni inwebu isibindi akukho kwalapho iintlungu, ukuxhaphaza nomonde kuyinto elula. imizuzu eli-15 kamva CT yolawulo scan okanye MRI lwenziwa emva kokuba ungenelelo, sivumela ukuba ingaba yonke inyama enesifo itshatyalaliswa. Ukuba akunjalo, makungeniswe ileta coagulation yesibini.

With phantse ukuchaneka efanayo ibanjwa namhlanje kunye radiotherapy. Ngokomzekelo, xa yamathumba ze esinobubovu prostate ngokufuthi kuthintela zokukhanya kwenzeka emva intsumpa ukuphatha ngumchamo wokuchama, yaye alondoloze amandla. Ukusetyenziswa radiation ngenxa yamathumba ze kwingqula unokonga ilizwi yomguli phantse kutshintsha. unyango Surgical kwiimeko ezinjalo kukhokelela epheleleyo ilahleko ilizwi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezinje yamathumba zamabele xa usebenzo kunqandwa, lo zokukhanya nga kakhulu ukunciphisa isixa yethishyu isusiwe, yaye ngaloo ndlela imisebenzi oogqirha ngokwabo ngaphambili ngokuba siyeka 'ezikhubazayo' ukuba ezinjalo.

Ngokusebenzisa ngekhompyutha kunye nobuchule nokuphucula ka-CT kunye MRI, uphuhliso yonyango kwemitha ngokuzithemba ilandela indlela zokunciphisa kwanolungiso lomgaqo izicelo (sithetha iimillimitha), nto leyo namhlanje ivumela ukuba irradiate kunye nangezilonda ezinzulu-ababehleli kunye ingozi encinci ukuya engqongileyo ephilile, ie, . ukunciphisa ubuzaza kunye neengxaki kwiimeko ezinjalo.

Ukuqhubekeka ubhalo lo mkhuba ekuthiwa brachytherapy. Eli gama iqondwa kokufaka umthombo radiation ngqo kwi ijwabu ithumba. Le ndlela, umzekelo, unyango kweentlobo ezithile yamathumba ze endlaleni.

Ngenxa kuphuhliso ngokukhawuleza ziqaliswe yezonyango kakhulu oluphambili "non-medical" ubugcisa, namhlanje ngaphezu kwesiqingatha imihlaza iyanyangeka, okanye ubuncinane, unako ukufikelela nala ukuzinza enganyangekiyo nehlala ixesha elide of (woyekelelo). Iwodi e Germany zeeteksi phakathi kwimimandla yophuhliso kakhulu ngokukhawuleza. impumelelo abe yinxalenye zezonyango namhlanje, makhe Ndiyathemba ukuba izifo ezininzi kakhulu kwaye iyingozi kungekudala kakhulu kurhoxiswa ukusuka kuluhlu ezisongela ubomi.