Poland: kokuhlaziya (ulwakhiwo). Kokuhlaziya, uphando, ukwakhiwa, wamyala

Nayiphi ingcali kwicandelo lokwakha kufuneka ukwazi oko NDP. Ingcaciso nezishunqulelo nabanye eziliqela, uya thaca ngezantsi.

Design kunye nophuhliso imisebenzi

Ungayiqondiyo oonobumba ezintathu - Pir - ibhekisa iseti imisebenzi ukuze kuphunyezwe kwizifundo zobunjineli, ukulungiselela iiprojekthi, uphuhliso lezifundo kwezoqoqosho kunye nezobugcisa amaxwebhu zomsebenzi, ukulungiselela amaxwebhu zokwakha ukwakhiwa (kunokuba entsha okanye ibandakanya ngokutsha kunye nokwandiswa). Kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zicaciswa gca kule mvumelwano, le misebenzi enokwenziwa okanye umyili jikelele okanye uyilo yi ngumthengi. Wena ucinga ntoni na NDP? izifinyezo ziqonde lucaciswa kule nqaku. uphando Engineering olwenziwe ukufumana idata kwi iimeko zendalo, apho bekumele ukuba akhokele umsebenzi wokwakha. Ingxelo efunyenwe kufeza yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye data ukulungiselela le projekthi. Uphando Engineering yenziwa yimibutho ezizodwa ukuba abe nephepha-mvume. Kwezinye iimeko, indima amagcisa akanako ukwenza amacandelo kunye nemibutho - oko kukuthi, amasebe zophuhliso. Wena ujamelene "wayethuma 'umqondo? Ingcaciso nezishunqulelo iboniswa ngezantsi.

Kuxhomekeke kubunzima kunye nobukhulu into eqikelelwayo, uphando lobume olwenziwa yimibutho omnye okanye ngaphezulu. Kwimeko yesibini, inkampani omnye uba unokontraka jikelele, ngelixa abanye benza umsebenzi subcontracting. Xa siqwalasela zonke iimeko, xa inkoliso yabo yonke ububanzi emsebenzini wokwakha ethile ikhutshwa phandle umbutho omnye. Ukuba unomdla zokucazulula, uphando, ulwakhiwo, ufakelo nokubeka, kubalulekile ukufunda ulwazi olunikiweyo ngezantsi.

Ukuba sithethe basisishunqulelo yokuqala, xa ithuba lokulungisa umnotho, uninzi iinkampani survey Russia sele iinkampani joint-stock. Abanye baye bohlulwa amashishini amancinci. An into umdla kukuba abaninzi babo awuyitshintshanga amagama abo, ishiya TISIZ ungayiqondiyo eliphambi for "wokwakha ukuthembana kunye nophando lobunjineli."

lweenjongo zophando

data igalelo kunye neziphumo zicwangciswa kwiimfuno umsebenzi, elikhutshwa umthengi okanye iprojekthi umbutho. Ngokutsho isniphu 11.02-96, kuyenzeka ukubona iintlobo ezintlanu ngophengululo. Ukongeza kwezi ntlobo ezintlanu, ukuya uphando engineering zibandakanya iintlobo-10 zomsebenzi iyavumelana. Oku kuquka isifundo imihlaba, esweni Geotechnical, uvavanyo lomngcipheko kunye nomngcipheko evela kwiinkqubo ezenziwe ngabantu nezendalo. Olu luhlu ungazalisi.

Yintoni Ida?

Ukufakelwa nokubeka imisebenzi, okotshiweyo ka neziya kwaziwa kuwe emva kokufunda inqaku, zinxulumene entsimini yokwakha. Ukwakhiwa umsebenzi wofakelo lubonisa isethi amanyathelo, apho ziveliswa kwisiza. Njengoko yoko isiphelo imisebenzi enjalo isakhiwo ogqityiweyo okanye isakhiwo wavalelwa ukusebenza. imisebenzi yokufaka zibandakanya nkqubo leyo iquka amanyathelo aliqela, phakathi kwabo - ekulungiseleleni, engundoqo umsebenzi, inkxaso kunye nokuthuthwa. Inxaxheba kwinqanaba lokuqala, uphando kunye nokuqwalaselwa loyilo uqikelelo amaxwebhu. Ukuba ayiwenzi, ngoko inxaxheba kuphuhliso iinkampani zabo. La maxwebhu aquka ekuvunyelwene, yaye emva kokuba imvume projekthi, zibiza zoqikelelo nokubalulwa, kwakunye inothi echazayo. Ngokusekelwe kwi SMR ubala ixabiso izixhobo yonke imisebenzi nezixhobo ecetywayo, uthethathethwano imiqathango yokwakha.

Isigaba sesibini umsebenzi wokwakha kunye nokufakwa

Inyathelo elilandelayo uqeqesho lombutho kunye nobugcisa. Ekuhambeni kwesi sivumelwano kusayinwe, ithayimthebhile wavuma, imali, amaxesha wokuziswa kumiselwa izixhobo. Kubalulekile ukuthatha ingqalelo into ngamaxesha, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba ukubulawa bemisebenzi ekuqaleni kwexesha.

Ukungeniswa imisebenzi yokwakha

kanye Inkqubo Umsebenzi wokwakha kunye nokufakwa kufuna okubi erhabaxa, imigca eyile ngokubekwa, ufakelo izixhobo, uvavanyo njalo njalo, ukuba uyakwazi alulibazisayo uhlaselo imisebenzi ezilandelayo. Inqanaba elilandelayo umsebenzi kubekho nokuyifeza, ezifana: ufakelo zokuva, actuators kunye nabanye. umsebenzi wofakelo wenziwe ngokupheleleyo ngokuhambelana kwimimiselo yobuchwepheshe, imigangatho kunye nobugcisa. Iingcali aqhube ulawulo lomgangatho kuzo zonke izigaba, phezulu amaxwebhu ayimfuneko. Ngelo Isigaba sesine iimvavanyo ngamnye, ngokuhlalutya inkqubo efakiweyo.

inkcazelo nokubeka

Ukuba unomdla kwenziwe ushwankathelo, ziqonde esi shunqulelo kunye nexabiso layo sele inikwe apha ngezantsi. Wayethuma imisebenzi - yinto izakhi oluxandileyo, kubandakanya ukutshekisha, olunye utshintsho kunye novavanyo lokugqibela izixhobo zombane ukuqinisekisa ulawulo kunye parameters ukuba ezazichazwa projekthi. Kulo mzekelo, ingcali kukhokelwa nemigangatho yococeko kunye nemithetho. Kubalulekile ukujonga amanqanaba amane, ngolokuqala yona wokulungiselela, le yesibini wenziwe ngokudibene kokugunyaziswa yofakelo lombane, lo gama iimvavanyo ngamnye izixhobo ekuveliseni wesithathu. Inqanaba lokugqibela ibandakanya uvavanyo izixhobo. Ukuba ucinga ngento i-NDP, izifinyezo yonke ezama ekwakheni kukuvumela ukuba uqonde ukuba umsebenzi wenziwe, ukuba kuyimfuneko, qala-up hlengiso izixhobo zombane.

Iimfuno lokugunyazisa

Kulo lesibini inqanaba umthengi inika umbane kummandla imisebenzi. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, uhlolo pre-wofakelo wenziwe. Iingcali indawo ziziphene kunye nezinto ezilahlekileyo. Kweli nqanaba kubalulekile ukulungisa naziphi na iziphene, ezama ukubona kwinkqubo yemveliso. Ngokutsho iziphumo zeemvavanyo ziya kuzotywa, nto leyo idluliselwe umthengi.

Eyona engundoqo izigaba lokugunyazisa

Inkqubo ukuqikelela kwi NDP ichaza umboneleli-nkonzo. Nangona ukuphunyezwa iimfuno zokhuseleko lokugunyazisa kunye nofakelo lombane isebenza yi yintloko yokugqibela. Ukuba ethuma eveliswa ishedyuli edityaniswe kwi namaqela ngamaqela esebenzayo kunye nezixhobo, zazo ezinjalo zihlanganiswa kwiintloko yomsebenzi umbane. Ixabiso lokugunyazisa kunye umsebenzi wofakelo kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo ngumboneleli wesevisi.

endaweni yesiphelo

Xa Isigaba sesithathu ikhutshwa phandle, ulondolozo lwezixhobo ikhutshwa phandle ngumthengi, ukubonelela intsalela izikimu abasebenzi, disassembly kunye nebandla. Ekugqibeleni lo NDP isigaba eziveliswa intsebenziswano iinkqubo zombane kunye neenkqubo zombane ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

yonxibelelwano Data zibandakanya software ukuxhaphaza, isimo sentlalo kunye hlengiso parameters kunye neempawu yamacebo, kwakunye namaqela ezisebenzayo neemeko zinikwe zokusebenza. ufakelo yombane avavanywa ninganqeni, kwaye phantsi komthwalo, i inyanzelekile ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.