OPV (lokugonya): ncomo kunye neengxaki emva kwakhe

Ipoliyo - sisigulo enokukhokelela nemiphumo vuhlayiseki. Lo mqathango kuphela yothintelo kwesi sifo ugonyo. OPV and IPV kufuneka waqiniseka usana. Namhlanje sifunda ukuba ziqonde indlela ezi izifinyezo kutheni abanye abazali nxamnye ngogonyo nendlela bexabana ukulahlwa kwabo zokusetyenziswa ngamachiza. Bafumanisa ukuba oogqirha abacinga ngayo abantwana kogonyo, kuquka malunga izitofu OPV.

Yintoni ipoliyo?

Le igciwane lohlobo, yi ochaphazela inkqubo luvo (spinal uthambo umcimbi grey), nto leyo ekhokelela ukukhubazeka. Umthombo imbonakalo sifo enze umntu ecace uyagula, yaye ngubani na inaso esi sifo, kodwa oko akunakuthethwa ukuba makatha. Ipoliyo sisasazwa ngamathontsi emoyeni, indlela ilindle-ngomlomo.

Eyona basengozini kakhulu kwesi sifo kubantwana abaneminyaka kwiinyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwiminyaka-5.

Ukuze aphilise le ngxaki kunzima, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukuthintela ukwenzeka kwayo. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka ixesha agonye abantwana. Isitofu sokugonya, nto leyo eye isetyenziswe ngempumelelo ipoliyo - OPV lokugonya. Kunyanzelekile okokuba abo bonke abantwana, kodwa abanye abazali abafuni ukwenza ukuze abantwana babo. Ekupheleni kweli nqaku siza ukuqonda isizathu sokuba bona benze njalo.

OPV-ugonyo: izakhi izifinyezo

Ezi leta ezintathu kuma ntloko ichiza igama lokugonya. kokuba decoded njenge "sokugonya ipoliyo ngomlomo." Oral - oku kuthetha ukuba i-arhente ilawulwa ngomlomo.

imveliso Efumanekayo eRussia. Ayenze i-Institute of sepoliyo Viral kobuchopho kubo. M. P. Chumakova zeegusha.

iintlobo zokugonya

Kuba zokuthintela izifo ezosulelayo usebenzisa iintlobo 2 iziyobisi:

1. OPV-ugonyo liqulathe okuncitshiswe poliovirus live iguqulwe kancinane. Le sogonyo isisombululo (amathontsi) ukwenzela instillation emlonyeni.
2. IPV - inactivated sokugonya ipoliyo. Oku kuquka kwamagciwane abafileyo. Le sogonyo isisombululo lolawulo intramuscular.

Kutheni kufuneka ukuba zombini iintlobo logonyo?

De 2010 eRashiya lwaqhutywa ugonyo lesi sifo ezinobungozi kunye IPV, oko kukuthi ukulungiselela inactivated. Ngelo xesha Imeko epidemiological nempumelelo kweli lizwe. Kodwa ke ngo-2010, e Tajikistan kwakukho umsi esi sifo, nto leyo eye yachukumisa naseRashiya. Ngoko ke 1 umntu ofileyo kweli lizwe. Ngenxa yoko, urhulumente wagqiba phezu lugonyo exutyiweyo. Ke kaloku, ngomnyaka wokuqala yobomi sana lesitofu IPV, ilandelwe yi-OPV. Revaccination kubantwana abadala yenziwa kuphela xa ugonyo oluyi-live.

Njani na amathontsi ugonyo?

Ewiliko zokwenza inkqubo ezifana ugonyo yipoliyo OPV na ulwelo pink ukuba kukrakra anetyuwa-incasa. Book kuncipha emlonyeni:

- Iintsana ukuya kwiminyaka-2 - on inyama lymphoid emqaleni.

- kids ezindala ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-2 - phezu tonsils iPalatine.

Kwezi ndawo akukho azosala, ukuze amakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana andiyithandi krakra.

instillation ulwelo luvelise umongikazi usebenzisa isibeki ezilahlwayo eyenziwe ngeplastiki ngesirinji. Umthamo zinokwahluka, kuxhomekeke xi kusetyenziswa amachiza. Ngenxa yoko, umsebenzi wezempilo isicelo amathontsi-2 okanye ka-4.

Ngamanye amaxesha abantwana regurgitate ichiza. Kulo mzekelo, kufuneka uphinde le nkqubo. Ukuba emva kwexesha okwesibini wamtshicela phezulu usana, ngoko iinzame wesithathu umongikazi ongavelisi.

Made OPV-ugonyo awukuvumeli ukusetyenziswa ukutya neziselo iyure emva gonyo.

Icebo lolawulo

Le ndlela yothintelo losuleleko kwenziwa isicwangciso kulandelayo:

- Xa wayeneminyaka eli-kweenyanga ezi-3, 4, 5 no-6.

- Re-ugonyo oluqhutywa 18, 20 iinyanga, kwaye ke kule minyaka-14.

Ukonakala impilo emva kogonyo

OPV - lwamachiza, iingxaki ezo phantse bengekho. Kwiimeko ezinqabe kakhulu, umguli omncinane bangafumana izinto ezingalunganga ezifana:

- lobushushu emzimbeni Ukwandiswa.

- isitulo Ukwandiswa.

Ngokuqhelekileyo ezi mpawu nyamalala ngokwabo kwiintsuku-2 emva kogonyo, ngoko akuyomfuneko akukho unyango.

Lobushushu emva Ukuchumisa OPV akanako ukwandisa okanye ukutshintshatshintsha phakathi izidanga 37.5-38. Bezifo bakholelwa ukuba sifanele Ungakhathazeki ngalo, ngaphandle kokuba oko kukhatshwa ngayo ezongezelelweyo eziqatha.

Komzimba (nobushushu) ukuze babonakale iiyure 2-3 emva Ukuchumisa, yaye emva kweentsuku-2 okanye ezi-3 emva kokufumana ichiza emzimbeni. Le lobushushu zigcinwe ukusuka kwiintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwiiveki ezi-2. Ukuba umntwana iyasebenza, Esam, ngoko akuyomfuneko ukuba ukudubula phantsi. Ukuba umntwana whiny, namdla, lo gama ukusetyenziswa kwemali evela lobushushu ephakamileyo kunokwenzeka.

izakhi iziyobisi

Ukubunjwa OPV ugonyo yipoliyo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

- okuncitshiswe amagciwane iintlobo ezintathu zokuqala izifo, inkcubeko yenyuka iiseli ezintso monkeys green Afrika.

- kungako - wemagniziyam chloride.

- Ukulondoloza - sulfate kanamycin.

Kuthetha ukuba ukuthengisa kwi amathamo-10 okanye 20.

Izimo

OPV-ugonyo singàphunyezwa kwiimeko ezinjalo:

- In iimeko immunodeficiency, kuquka i-HIV, izifo zomhlaza.

- Ekunye sifo elibuthathaka, kwaye ukuba usapho kukho abantu abaphila nezifo ezosulelayo.

- Nge iingxaki luvo ukusuka kogonyo OPV odlulileyo.

Ngononophelo kwaye kuphela phantsi kweliso lonyango yenziwa ugonyo xa iingxaki amathumbu kunye nesisu.

ziphumo bezingalindelekanga Onge emva OPV

Kukho iimeko xa lokugonya kukhokelela nemiphumela ephambene wokosuleleka yipoliyo. Oku kunokuba, kodwa kukho kunqabile, kwindawo ethile malunga 1 3 million. Le meko kunokwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu: ukuba isitofu OPV yenziwa itakane lowo kukho ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo wokugonyeka kwenzeka. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kuloo mazwe apho ipoliyo woyiswa, njengenxenye ugonyo endlini IPV, ie iinaliti. Kodwa ke ukuba umntu esiya kwelinye ilizwe apho kukho ingozi yokosulelwa isifo, ngoko ke kungcono ukwenza OPV. Olu gonyo velisa omzimba omeleleyo ukuba esi sifo.

Ukulungiselela nokugonywa

OPV kunye IPV ifuna ukulungiswa umntwana ngenxa yakhe. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka ubonise wabantwana yosana lwakho. Ingcali ehlola umntwana ngononophelo, ukuphulaphula kuye, liyalihlola umqala, babezibuza enoba kukho amalungu entsapho ogulayo ekhaya. Ukuba wonke umntu siphilile, ngoko wezifo inika umkhombandlela ukuba ugonyo.

Phambi ugonyo nasemva kokuba ifidi namanzi ayikwazi ukuba umntwana ngeyure 1. Oku kukuqinisekisa ukuba sogonyo kakuhle umzimba umzimba lo mntwana.

reactions Ezingalunganga emva IPV

Ekubeni le sogonyo inactivated, oko kuthetha ukuba soze kuya kukhokelela usulelo ipoliyo umntwana. Mu kuya kwa nshita OPW. Yinyani kwakhona kwimeko asuleleke kuyenzeka kunqabile kakhulu. Ke ukuba nobunzima, maxa wambi abantwana yokusabela wengingqi esinokubakho. Bambi wawulahla umphefumlo, umsebenzi lifinyele. Kodwa akukho utshintsho ezinobungozi ndimke.

DTP

Le yenye indlela nokuthintelwa kwezifo ezosulelayo, kwakunye OPV-ugonyo. Ukutolikwa yezi oonobumba abane ilula - DPT sokugonya. DTP wenza usana ukususela kwiinyanga ezi-3. Ngendlela efanayo njengoko OPV. Faka intramuscularly kweziyobisi emagxeni.

nokugonywa esibanzi

In Russia kunye Ukraine Dube sokugonya, OPV idla ngokwenziwa isicwangciso. Ezi nketho kuphela ngabo kwiimeko apho umntwana ukumiliselwa kwi ishedyuli ngamnye. Iingcali qaphela ukuba ugonyo idibene ipoliyo, unkonkonko, tetanus ukubola komqala kunceda ukuphuhlisa nezifo olomeleleyo. Ugqirha unokukunika ulwalathiso nokuhlaselwa entsonkothileyo enye yezi machiza, "Pentaxim", "Infariks Hex." Okanye faka beziyobisi zokugonya ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ngexesha elinye. Umzekelo, kusenokuba iziyobisi ezifana "Infariks" + "Imovaks".

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ugonyo complex - yinto entle kakhulu, nangona isigqibo oku kufuneka kuthathwe yenze ngabanye kuba Dube ngokwayo umthwalo onzima phezu komzimba.

ADSM

Oku loyamano DPT kogonyo, kodwa ngaphandle icandelo efana lugonyo unkonkonko.

Kubonakala ukuba emva kweminyaka 4 sifo ayikho esisongela ubomi bakho. Ngoko, nawuphi na umzali unokwenza isigqibo kunye nogqirha, olunjani kogonyo, emva kweminyaka 4 yokwenza komntwana - Dube okanye ADSM.

Olu gonyo iyasetyenziswa ngokunxulumene nabantu abadala (iinaliti kweminyaka eli-10), kwakunye ukuba abantwana babe Izimo ku Dube. Ugonyo ADSM, OPV nga zisongeze eyenziwe omnye ngexesha elinye. Le Dube yokuphila sisisombululo kuzo iingqayi ukuze ngenaliti. Bagonywe intramuscularly. iindawo Best for ukuncuntswa: hip, igxalaba, indawo phantsi igxalaba. Ichiza ezinqeni elawulwa akukhuthazwa ngenxa yokuba isigulane ukuze emva koko babe luvo asha sciatic okanye arhente ungena amanqatha ongama. Ugonyo ADSM, OPV i ingcali kuphela emva kokuba iimviwo wabantwana. basabela Ezingalunganga evela imithi ukubola komqala kunye nominxano, ingaba:

- Fever.

- I obukhoyo novalo.

- Ukophulwa onombilini.

- Iingxaki esitulweni.

izimvo embi ngayo isitofu

OPV ufumana ukubuyekezwa mixed. Abanye oomama bacinga ukuba emva kokuba ugonyo umntwana uya kuba zizisulu sifo yaye bakwazi ukukhetha ngokukhawuleza lo sifo - ipoliyo. Enyanisweni, oku ayisoze yenzeke. Order bese ukugonyelwa ukuzikhusela ngokwabo kwaye umntwana sisifo eyingozi ekuthiwa ipoliyo. Abanye oomama zigonywe indumiso, abanye amadlala. Abo akazange ayithande isiphumo ichiza ipoliyo, waphawula ukuba iziphumo obhulowu na. Abanye abantwana baqala ukwenza phezulu, kuba ilahleko wokutya, iingxaki ziqala esitulweni. Ukuvela iziphumo ezibi enjalo bamqumbise OPV. Iqondo lobushushu, ndandingcangcazela emzimbeni - lingakwazi ilandelwe iintsuku ezi-2 zokuqala emva kogonyo. Ezi mpawu akufuneki ulinde nje, kufuneka uye ngokwakho.

Kodwa kukho ezinye omama Siqinisekile ukuba emva OPV abantwana kuwa beguliswa izifo ezihlasela zosulele ngokuphefumla wentsholongwane egazini. Ngesizathu esithile, abazali baqinisekile ukuba ugonyo kukunceda ukugula umntwana. Noko ke, enyanisweni oku akunjalo. Akukho wokungagonywa, kuquka usebenzisa iziyobisi yipoliyo akakwazi buthathaka umsebenzi eziphilayo olukhuselayo. Yaye isibakala sokuba abantwana bayagula emva kogonyo, ngoko olu abazali ingxaki. Mhlawumbi unina kunye nosana ixesha elide kweli ekliniki. Kwaye ngexesha ulinde ithuba babo babase kwisitofu, umntwana wadibana nabanye abantwana kusenokwenzeka ukuba sempilweni. iintsholongwane ngaphakathi kunye zanda ngokukhawuleza kwaye kanye ezibhedlele amakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana ngokufuthi bayosuleleka. Kwaye ukuba akukho neziphumo hayi ke, kufuneka yentukuthelo umntwana wakho, ngoko musa unamathele kuso akukho zintsholongwane, emva kokuba iya kusebenza njengentshayelelo amalungiselelo ayimfuneko, oko kukuthi ukuba agonywe. OPV kwakhona kuqubisana nabo bantu ezijongene ingxaki wamachiza onganeno. Oko, nithi, emva kokuba umntwana ukugonywa wagula, liluhlanzileyo, kwabonakala ilindle evakalala, nangecesina, umntwana wasiwa esibhedlele. Ukuze uphephe oku, kufuneka usebenzise la macebiso ukusebenza.

icebiso Kubalulekile ukuba abazali

Ukuba abanye omama bayoyika ukuba akukho iziphumo emva kogonyo xa abantwana babo ke, ngoko ke kufuneka ulandele ezi zikhokelo:

- Qinisekisa ukuba nomdla umgangatho sokugonya, umhla imveliso, iimeko zokugcina.

- Yonke Umama kufuneka bazi impilo yomntwana wakhe ngaphambi kokuba wenze isigqibo malunga nogonyo. Ukuba umntwana ogulayo okanye uyagula ngeveki egqithileyo, ngoko tsakisi idriphu akuvumelekanga. OPV kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela baby ngokupheleleyo.

- Emva kogonyo, qiniseka ukunika unyana okanye intombi iziyobisi antiallergic.

- Ukuba unako, ngoko ukuza ekugonyweni yonke intsapho. Makhe uyise nomntwana ohamba esitratweni, lo gama umama iya ulinde ithuba labo. Ngoko okuba kokukhwela yintsholongwane eklinikhi lifinyele, kwaye umntwana uza kuzisa OPV enkulu.

ingxelo entle evela kubantu

OPV kwakhona akamkeli kuphela wokungalivumi, kodwa ukumzukisa. Ngokubanzi ibe yentle kakhulu mkhulu negative. Ngoko ke, abo omama bazisa eklinikhi umntwana enempilo ngogonyo ipoliyo, qaphela ukuba le nkqubo iqhuba kakuhle. Umntwana ningothuswa, akayi kunkqangaza, Akukho nayo malunga zamathontsana idriphu ngayo. Kwaye umama uziva okulungileyo, kuba akuyomfuneko ukuba ukuqinisekisa unyana okanye intombi yakhe. OPV - ayikho lwezitofu, abantwana abaninzi wamoyika.

Sekunjalo, abazali abaninzi bathi unakekelwa eyiyo umntwana Akukho ziziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela lugonyo yipoliyo angeke. Kwaye yinyaniso ngokwenene. Ubukhulu becala amatakane ukunyamezeleka kakuhle sokugonya.

Ugonyo - kuyimfuneko endleleni impilo yesizwe.

Ngokutsho Dr.

Bezifo bakholelwa ukuba ayisekho kuthintelo ilungileyo ipoliyo ngaphezu olu gonyo. Ngoko ke, oogqirha njalo lizama ukuba abazali baqiniseke ukuba amachiza ingeyongozi. Usongo umntwana wadala ngabazali abafunda ulwazi oluninzi lobuxoki kumaphephandaba okanye weva eziqhelekileyo akuphuhlanga kakuhle kwiingozi zokugonywa, ukuyekwa ebhaliweyo evela kubantwana ukugonywa. Akukho mfuneko yokuba nanini ukuphulaphula amabali obuxoki, ukuba izigqibo ngokwesiseko data lobuxoki. Gonya umntwana kufuneka libe linegunya, yaye nayiphi na ugqirha uya kubalisa nto. Umbuzo kuphela kukuba, xa ukwenza oko. Ukuba inkwenkwe okanye intombazana egula, nawuphi na ugqirha bucala ugonyo.

Oogqirha babantwana bathi: ngokuba naziphi na iziphumo wayengekho emva kogonyo, abazali kufuneka abancede. Njani? Enkhubyeni wa vukati, qiniseka ukuba ukuthetha malunga kukwehla zempilo: nose esihambisayo, ukhohlokhohlo kunye nezinye iimpawu zosulelo wentsholongwane egazini.

isiphelo

Ipoliyo - isifo esiyingozi esosulelayo ezinokukhokelela ekukhubazekeni. ixesha kubalulekile ukufundisa umntwana ukuba banawo lo sifo. Ngoko ke, i uhambo ngexesha udokotela, imvume yabazali babase kwisitofu - iresiphi impilo yabantwana bethu. OPV ngumlinganiselo esisiseko zokuthintela izifo ezifana nepoliyo. Kwaye yenza kube enqwenelekayo bonke abantwana, ngokutsho nezalathisi.