Noumenon - yinto nomqondo wefilosofi. Yonke futhi noumenon

Noumenon - ingqikelelo-bulumko, nelibonisa ukuba uhlobo kakuhle isenzeko, nto leyo ibonakale. bamba wakhe (ukuba onke) kwisifundo kunye nophando olunzulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ifilosofi kolu luvo bachase ibinzana ezifana into. Le nto yinto elala phezu komhlaba. Xa sijonga nayiphi na into okanye nesenzeko, zisichaphazela nathi, qwa. Amaxesha amaninzi, oku kuthatha ukuba iqiniso. Simanga kunye noumenon - amagama basoloko bexakaniseka, kwaye uthabathe omnye nomnye. Masizame esi sincoko olufutshane ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na ubume efihlakeleyo nokuba ifumaneka ngawo onke thina, ngokutsho zobulumko.

intsingiselo

Xa sibhenela original yamaGrike, siyabona ukuba noumenon - igama elithetha "ingqondo." zobulumko zamandulo badla abonisa lo gama nje kuphela indlela kusengqiqweni ukuba baqonde inyaniso, kodwa ke iziphumo, izenzo kunye nezinto, kungakhathaliseki ukuba iimvakalelo zethu. Kodwa lo mba inomnye ikhonkco engqondweni. Ukuba isenzeko - yinto isifundo sikwazi ukubona ngokusebenzisa izivamvo, xa kunjalo kakuhle lo mba nzima ngakumbi. Ngapha koko, siya sijamelene kungekhona into nto leyo iphathwayo, wabona okanye ukuyirheca. Yena inikwa kuthi kuphela ngobungqola, wahlanganisa kuphela ngesizathu.

indaba

Okwesihlandlo sokuqala kule kota esikubonayo "Iincoko zababini" kaPlato. Kuba sobulumko Greek ezinkulu noumenon - kuba isenzeko ngxolo kuYosefu. Ngoko ke okhethwe ingcamango yakhe edumileyo. Oku ngokudlul ingqiqo, ingakumbi ezifana inyaniso, ukulunga, ubuhle. Ngaphezu koko, ngokuba uPlato ihlabathi ngemibono leyinene wokwenene. A kwihlabathi ngeziganeko, izinto ukuqonda iimvakalelo - nto nje imbonakalo.

Oku uthi uPlato euvathano "Parmenides", apho ithi ukuba ihlabathi noumena ezikhoyo, nto leyo akanalo indalo njongo. Ezi amaqumrhu okanye izimvo, ukongezelela, yimizekelo yezinto zabo "ukunyaniseka." Ude azibize archetypes. A phenomenon - kakhulu imifanekiso egqwethekileyo izimvo. UPlato isebenzisa amazwi afana "izithunzi phezu kodonga."

abanemvume

Noumenon - igama lisetyenziswa kuphela kumaxesha amandulo. Eli siko laqhubeka kwi European Ages Aphakathi. Okokuqala kube ithandwa kakhulu aniqondi noumena kunye njengabanye, ihlabathi stroke, ifumaneka kuphela isizathu.

Scholastics ngokufuthi ezingaqhutywa eli gama ukuchaza oko kunento yokwenza noThixo. Hayi nje kwiimfundiso Orthodox, kodwa abaphikisana nenkolo wasebenzisa ingqiqo ka "noumenon". Umzekelo, nabefundisi intshukumo ephakathi heretical ngabaphengululi banamhlanje ngokuba Catharism, wayekholelwa ukuba ihlabathi lethu bubonakalayo akukho ezikhoyo, kuba wadalwa nguThixo. Bonke kukho, uxhomekeke ilahleko esa ekufeni. Kodwa ihlabathi noumena - le meko okunene owadalwa nguThixo. Ba ongapheliyo, akatshintshi, kwaye indalo lokwenyaniso.

Noumenon ifilosofi kant xa

Ngokwahlukileyo nesithethe kumaxesha, edume German sobulumko zakudala wamnika kwikota intsingiselo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Ngokuba kuye, lo noumenon akukho xhulumaniso nenyani. Le into stroke kakhulu Bulelani kuphela izigqibo zethu ubhalo ezikhoyo. Wada wayibiza ngokuba 'into-in-ngokwalo. "

Kant wachaza aqonda ngayo noumena ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Izinto kunye izinto sicamngca nokuva, kakade, zingaphaya kuthi. Kodwa umongo zazo ayaziwa kuthi. Zonke iifom kunye neempawu ukuba sibona kuyo - gxebe, ukuba babhala - ezifana ubude, ubushushu okanye ebandayo, okanye umbala ndawo, iimpawu luluvo ngakumbi indlela yethu yokucinga nendlela kwingqiqo. Kwaye indlela ekhangeleka ngayo ngokwenene, asazi. Amava ethu isixelela ukuba into likhona kwaye ukuba yintoni na. Kodwa yintoni na kubume bayo, asinakukwazi ukuqonda. Umahluko of nokuhlalisana noumena kukuthi, ngokutsho sobulumko, kukho uhlobo umgca kwemida, nto leyo ibonisa ukuba iintsilelo engqondweni yethu.

Noumenon kunye iingcamango priori

Ingaba ikhona into esenza ngayo nayiphi na indlela yokusombulula le iqhina? In "Prolegomena" kant ubhala ukuba ukongeza "izinto ngokwabo" kukho olunye uhlobo iingcamango ngxolo kuYosefu. Le noumenon ifilosofi - oku obubonisa ubukho apho akunjalo, akubonakali ukwazi. Ukususela ngokombono Kant, oku kunokunceda isizathu priori, nto leyo esekelwe kumava. Yena kuphakamisa ingcamango yokungafi komphefumlo, ukuthembakala ihlabathi, inkululeko kunye noThixo. Kodwa ke ngeke ibe sisiseko yenzululwazi. Nangona ingaba ukusetyenziswa imveliso kakhulu.

Ngokomzekelo, ngoncedo lwabo, siya nokulungelelanisa ulwazi lwethu Cazulula ukwahluka yayo. Noko ke, kulo msebenzi, njengoko 'amadlala Isizathu Practical, "kant uthi ukuba noumena aokusetyenziswa hayi ulwazi kunye nokholo. Ngaloo ukuba othile wabuyela nokutyhilwa yabo yemveli, nje kumgangatho eyahlukileyo. Ngoko ke sobulumko icebisa ukuba noumena nesawo, kwenziwayo libhekisela kwinto esenokwenzeka. Lena yindawo wenkululeko, ngokuchasene nemvelo, imbali, yaye ingxoxo yokuziphatha yobukho bukaThixo.