Ngubani owavela ifowuni? Yiyiphi nyaka akazange eze ngefoni

Abantu abaninzi bayazi ukuba ifowuni Alexander Graham Bell nini, kodwa ukuba ukhangela, uphuhlise mbono, xa encinane kakhulu isasebenza. Kubonakala ukuba le nto nje bucala. Ngoko enyuka kunye ifowuni wokuqala mobile? Yaba Antonio Meucci. Njani unembali ende ngefowuni? Ngubani owavela mobile phone? Zama ukuqonda.

History of the ifowuni

Development Phone izakungenzeki ukuba abantu abazange bafunda ukuguqula indlela intlokoma isandi sibe ngamaza ombane. Ngowe-1833 kuthwalelwa phandle kf GAUSS kunye W. E. Weber e Göttingen. Ngowe-1837, siye safumanisa into leyo kamva ngokuba "umculo galvanic '. Le yombane iquka umazibuthe intsimbi yehashe, nefolokhwe kunye yeseli electrochemical. Ngexesha oscillation ye ifolokhwe iswitch luvula livale wesekethe, ukuba electromagnet uqala ukwenza isandi emnandi.

Amazwi okuqala ezibe zithethwa kwi ifowuni 1861, waya ezantsi imbali ezinamaphiko: "Ihashe abukukudla cucumber isaladi." Ngoko ke, yintoni kunyaka akazange eze kunye nefowuni, hayi kunzima ukubala.

buchopho abahluphekayo

April 13, 1808 e Florence, bazalwa sisazinzulu yingqondi Antonio Meucci. Ngexesha ubomi bakhe waseka-mveliso stearin amakhandlela, utshwala, ngo-1860 wavula-mveliso, nto ezo amakhandlela iparafini, apho waba ngowokuqala ehlabathini.

1854 Antonio ukuba bacinge malunga uphuhliso indlela yokudlulisela amaza evakalayo mgama. Ngelo xesha umfazi wakhe ebeka sisifo bahlukunyezwa kakhulu rheumatism. Ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukufumana uphume egumbini lakhe.

Ayikho imali eyanele

Ngowe-1866, i-ngozi yenzeke zakhona: kwibhoyila liqhuma. Yena walaliswa esibhedlele ngenxa yoko iinyanga Meucci ezintathu. He kamva emsebenzini umsebenzi wakhe, kunye nenkosikazi yakhe kwafuneka ukuba athengise ezinye wophuhliso lwawo, ukunceda wakhupha imali encinane. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho zoyilo yefowuni elizayo. Meucci waqhubeka inxaxheba kuphuhliso, yaye ngowe-1871 wafaka isicelo kwi-Ofisi Patent yaseUnited States. Ukungabikho kwemali abachatshazelwa ilahleko lomenzi ngo 1873.

11. 06. 2002 eUnited States yamkela isigqibo ngubani owavela ngomnxeba. Congress waqonda Umsunguli Antonio Meucci. Isizathu sokuba non-ukuqaphela umbhali Italian kunye nophuhliso yobomi ezichongiweyo yokuswela ulwazi ulwimi IsiNgesi ukuqonda nezo imiba yomthetho. Wayengakwazi ukulihlawula igqwetha nokukhusela amalungelo abo enkundleni. Kwanasemva kokuba intshumayelo eneenkcukacha zonke bokuqonda uphuhliso, apho ubungqina priori ilungelo yayo epheleleyo, akwanelanga nje $ 10 ukuhlawula irhafu. Ngaba wafumana isixa esifunekayo, ngoko ke ihlabathi liphela ngo-1874 ibonisa nokubaluleka Antonio Meucci hayi Bell.

Umnini esemthethweni ye kuphuhliso

Ngoko ke, ngo-1876 i-Ofisi Patent kwakukho emibini nje kuphela sicelo A. Bell kunye J. Grey. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva Belllu yakhupha isiqinisekiso copyright 'isixhobo yocingo leyo basenokugqithisela intetho yabantu. " imodeli Ukuphuculwa kwakuba isiseko ngamaplanga, kunye itanki acid (oku wakhonza ibhetri), ityhubhu eziviwayo kunye iingcingo zekopolo. UMdali elithi umfuziselo yakhe "emthini 'ukuba imilo yayo engaqhelekanga. Gray patent efanayo sikhatyiwe.

Kangangethuba elide imodeli abangekaphuhli wefowuni wahlala izithunzi. Kwaba kuphela ngoJuni 1876, yena wagqiba ukubonisa naye umboniso Philadelphia. Iindwendwe akakukhathalele izixhobo I ukuya ekupheleni mboniso. Kakade ngexesha kukuvalwa ifowuni wema kufuphi indoda ende, ngubani umlawuli Brazil. Yena waba nomdla kakhulu kwi ezintsha kungafihlwa yaye wacinezela isixhobo sendlebe endlebeni yakho. ndamangaliswa bakhe xa weva apho ilizwi lomntu! Ukusuka kule ndawo ezintsha sele yakhawuleza ehlabathini lonke, yaye ngokukhawuleza wazuza udumo.

Ngoko safumanisa owasungula ngomnxeba, kodwa ngenxa yokuba unxibelelwano mihla isixhobo yahluke gqitha ukusuka ekuqaleni. Ubugcisa ukuze kuphuhliswa ukuba phantse nto okudibeneyo imifanekiso njengesiqhelo kuthi, ngaphandle siseko ukusebenza. Ngubani owavela mobile phone, siza kufunda ngakumbi.

uphuhliso mobile

ifowuni eyiselula okanye ephathekayo yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa konxibelelwano cellular. Ukuphumeza phezu ifowuni usebenzisa unxibelelwano ifowuni eqhelekileyo kunye transceiver kunomathotholo.

Phakathi zonke iintlobo of mobile yeselula - i ixhaphakileyo. Iselula lidla ngokuba iseli, nangona oku akuyonyaniso ngokupheleleyo. Ukuhamba kwaye uqhagamshelo lomqolo, kwaye cordless phones, kunye satellite phones.

Ngubani owavela cell phone, yaye nini, abamazi abaninzi. Namhlanje, ngaphandle kwalo asinakho ngqondweni ubomi bethu. Kwaye bali laqala, kuvela, hayi kudala.

Ingcamango yokuqala yonxibelelwano emnxebeni wabonakala ngowe-1946, inkampani AT & T Bell Labs. Le nkampani iye yaphuhliswa inkonzo yokuqala ehlabathini yomnxeba kunomathotholo. Kwaba ifowuni gqith nerediyo. I iseti radio imoto, yaye kuphela kwendlela unga fona. Ngelo xesha kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba kuthi, ngenxa yokuba ukuze bathi, kwafuneka cinezela iqhosha kwi radio, makhe ngoko hamba, u nga uve umyalezo ukuphendula. Icebo ubunzima-12 kg, ndafakwa buti emotweni kunye kude kunye umamkeli zibelekwe kwisithuthi. Kuba i-eriyali imingxuma kugrunjwa imoto!

Ngubani owavela cell phone?

Ngowe-1957, isazinzulu Russian Z Kupriyanov ngokomfuniselo wadala isampulu ngeselula. ubunzima baso 3 kg. Kamva, ubunzima bayo liye lancipha ukuya ku-0.5 kg, ngoko ukuya ku-70 t. Ngowe-1973, waqalisa ifowuni eziphathwayo yokuqala ehlabathini, ubizo yokuqala esenziwa ngomhla wesi-3 Epreli. Motorola DynaTAc, ukuba igama le sixhobo, kuye izitshixo 12 kuyo yaye akukho umsebenzi ukubonisa apho. Uyakwazi inku- engu-35 kuphela kwaye intlawulo efunekayo 10 ngentsimbi kulindelekileyo.

1984 kwaphawulwa ukuvela kwi lokuthengisa lokugqibela iimodeli mobile phone DynaTAC 8000X. ixabiso layo $ 3.995! Ngowe-1989 wakhulula Motorola MicroTac.

Latest uphuhliso handsets

Ngubani owavela ngomnxeba, siye safumanisa, kwaye bobabini wabonakala isikrini phones? Ngowe-1998, ihlabathi wabona ifowuni isikrini yokuqala. Nangona sungula ngo-1993 Elucweyweni IBM, nto leyo inxaxheba technology computer. I touch screen ayiphendule ukuchukumisa yeminwe kwigalelo naluphi na ulwazi.

Ngubani owavela ifowuni isikrini, ngokuqinisekileyo nzima ukuze bathi, mhlawumbi nguSamuweli Hurst. Ngowe-1971, waba elograf - tablet mifanekiso. Ngowe-1972, amaMelika thaca ifowuni isikrini yokuqala. Emva kweminyaka 10 uNonzwakazi yokuqala touch TV iye edangatyeni.

Ngo-2007, bekukho ifowuni touch LG KE850 Puma, leyo elibalaseleyo kuyilo kwaye babe nethuba elikhulu. Ifowuni ingasebenziseka nje nangomnwe, kungekhona ngosiba.

Ngoko ke, ngokuthe ngcembe phones ziye zaphucuka, kukho abenzi ezininzi, igajethi iye yaba yinto ziluncedo kuthi, nokuba umntu sele beze kunye nefowuni, abaninzi bandilibele.