Ngomzobi British Dzhozef Mellord Uilyam Torner: Biography, ubuchule

Ulwazi malunga nobomi kulo mculi abantu abaninzi, yaye uninzi lwabo ziyaphikisana. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba uWilliam ifihlwe ngenyameko ubomi bakhe ngokukodwa zonakaliswa izibakala buqu. Uilyam Terner - an artist ababekholelwa ukuba umsebenzi wakhe uya kuthetha ngayo kakhulu. Ngokutsho version standard, indawo ukuzalwa William - London. Noko ke, igcisa ngokwakhe wathi ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ubomi njengoko inani kwimimandla eNgilani. Kwaye kukho ezininzi ephikisanayo kwincwadi engobomi bakhe.

Imvelaphi kunye nabantwana

Sicingela ukuba Dzhozef Mellord Uilyam Terner (iminyaka yobomi - 1775-1851) wazalelwa kwikomkhulu yaseBritani, eLondon. UYise wegcisa ephethe lokucheba iinwele. Ngexesha Turner, la maziko kwakukho iindawo kanye njengokuba ethandwayo ntlanganiso, ngathi utywala IsiNgesi. Xa iinwele shop uyise uYosefu kwakukho iimbongi, ngabapeyinti kunye engravers. Bawo, unyana hung watercolors ezindongeni ezithengiswayo.

uqeqesho

Turner (self-Mfanekiso Wayisondeza ngasentla) ngo-ka1789 amkelwe esikolweni, esebenze kwi-Royal Academy of Arts. Sele kwiminyaka eli-15 kwixesha lokuqala oluboniswe watercolors bakhe Academy of Uilyam Terner. ngobomi bakhe iphawulwa kwiminyaka lokufundisa isifundo ngexesha elinye kunye nomsebenzi. UWilliam wawazi msebenzi, nto leyo bathwalwa ngaphandle ubume ubume bendalo - iintlobo ngqo neepaki ezincinane, zokuhlala, icawa kunye zakhe ezinde. Ukongeza, wasebenza phezu umyalelo - bekhuphela imisebenzi ezindala.

Isibheno womzobo oyile

Ubuchule William Turner ayiphelelanga lemifanekiso. Wegcisa iminyaka ngo-1790, yagqiba ukuba titoloveta oyile. Ngowe-1801, wadala umzobo osihloko sithi "Inkundla Danish ngumoya", nto leyo bexelisa iinkosi Dutch. Lo msebenzi yabonisa isakhono bhetele wegcisa abatsha. Kuye kwenziwa ngendlela eyiyo, ukuba abanye bacinga ukuba Turner ukopishe kwinkangeleko endala.

Inkonzo kwi-Royal Academy of Arts

Wegcisa 1802 wonyulwa ukuba Royal Academy of Arts. Uilyam Terner wakhonza de ukufa kwakhe. Uye emandiyenze abafundi kunye noluntu ngokubanzi inxaxheba kwintlangano kwemiboniso.

"Landscape kwi iThames"

Turner kwisithuba ukususela 1806 ukuya 1812 wadala uthotho imizobo - yebhanki image. IThames. Phakathi kwawo ke lemifanekiso "Landscape kwi iThames" zipeyintwe malunga 1806 (ngenye umsebenzi ubizwa ngokuba "Landscape nge rainbow emhlophe"). Nature, umlinganiswa ophambili kunye esisigxina wegcisa, ingqondo sakhe wabonakala nje hayi nje emehlweni omkhulu. Kungenxa yoku le iziganeko zembali kudlalwa phandle. Turner zipeyintwe indlela le marina Dutch ibali mihla. Umxholo womzobo - ukufa inqanawa umkhweli. Kulo mfanekiso ulwandle isaqhwithi ohlala esithathwini ezimbini ngelaphu. amagwebu ubuncwane ezimhlophe iyinxalenye komthi omkhulu phezu kolwandle. Le engundoqo ilaphu edityanisiweyo. Embindini shaft - isikhephe ephithizelayo. Yiyo le into kuphela ekwakhiweni yonke, leyo egcina imali eseleyo. Kwi shaft ekunene ikama Kuphendula xinyenyana, leyo ulahlekelwa ekugqibeleni uzinzo. Lost ulawulo ukufa wenkundla ibekwe ekhohlo enzulwini le web. Broken iimasti zabo, iiseyile zikrazukile kunye kumgangatho kubo waphuphuma.

"Hamba ithawula Crossing Alps"

Lo mfanekiso wadalwa ukuhlaselwa kunyaka uWilliam Bonaparte ngayo eRashiya. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba yokugqibela yathelekiswa ne ithawula - umphathi womzi-isimo Carthage akhuphisana ngokuba negunya phezu iMeditera eRoma yamandulo. Turner isetyenziswa nokwakhiwa iqhinga awayezithanda: okweqanda bangena nxalenye ezinkulu ye ngelaphu. Imihlubulo ikhephu, Blizzard yahlanganisa ibe ifanele enkulu, nto leyo kuqinisa amajoni bedidekile kwiintaba emqhokrweni. bhuqe ebhaliweyo echanekileyo Okumangalisayo. Uilyam Terner kanye bemlalele ukuze ancede abanye. Umzobi eboniswe isaqhwithi phezu kwimvulophu mail, wathi emva kweminyaka 2 ikhephu aya kubona yonke into yokudweba yakhe. Lo msebenzi sagqitywa ngowe-1812.

Umfanekiso ne ngembali umdla

Yonke virtuosity lube nzima ixesha ubuchule lemifanekiso ukupeyinta uWilliam. Ngowe-1818 wadala umsebenzi "yokuqala-class Iifrigate ingabe". Ngokutsho ngawabo, imbali indalo yayo elandelayo. Nyana abahlobo William Turner wabuza, iindwendwe kufuneka bazobe awahlali. UWilliam wathabatha sheet, egalela iphepha ipeyinti ulwelo. Ngoko, xa iphepha zimanzi, waqalisa ukuba uyiva, tshitshilili. Zonke ekuqaleni kwabonakala umbhodamo, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe, ngokungathi umlingo, waqalisa ukuba azalwe umkhombe. Umfanekiso sele ngexesha isidlo sakusasa eyesibini ngoloyiso thaca.

"Book Studiorum" kunye neencwadi nokubhaliswa ababhali IsiNgesi

Uilyam Terner aphatha kabini kunye nemizobo. Kweli thuba ukususela 1807 ukuya 1819, wazama ukuba ukwenza uhlobo encyclopedia landscape in imikrolo. Lo msebenzi, igcisa unike igama Latin, lithetha "izifundo ncwadi" ( "Book Studiorum"). Wayeba ke yena boqonda ukwenza phezu 100 amaphepha kubuchule ezahlukeneyo lokukrola. William wayefuna ukubonisa njani umzobo yaseYurophu kwenzeke uphuhliso landscape. Le ngcamango, kunjalo, akuphumelelanga. Noko ke, Turner izise kweli qela umsebenzi ngaphezu engravers.

Xa nenani-1820-30 uWilliam wayesebenza phezu komyalelo sobhaliso imisebenzi umbhali IsiNgesi Valtera Skotta noSamuweli Rogers. Iincwadi ezi ababhali waba nempumelelo enkulu, ngoko ke liyayishicilela imizobo nguWilliam hung phantse yonke indlu IsiNgesi.

"Ulysses uyahleka Polyphemus"

Ngowe-1829, emva kohambo kwelaseItali, umculi wadala enye intle kwimizobo yakhe Imizobo zembali. Lo msebenzi ubizwa ngokuba "Ulysses ligxeka Polyphemus". Raskin wabiza lo ukupeyinta "umsebenzi omkhulu 'wakhe. "Ulysses" - umsebenzi ekuthiwa opera indawo, melodrama. It yaphawula ukuba ilanga ezalise kuhamba Ulysses nkqu kwiindawo apho ngokudangazela kwaso awukwazi ukungena nangayiphi na indlela, nokuba mkhulu kakhulu umahluko phakathi njengokukhazimla kwesibhakabhaka kusasa kunye Ubumnyama emqolombeni Cyclops. Noko ke, uWilliam ukungalungi olu hlobo zange edidekile. It kwandisa ubungakanani belfries kunye iinqaba, ukuwasa apho wayecinga ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuba isakhiwo umfanekiso ifuna kuyo. Ukongeza, Turner kudla ukwanda sonority of umbala, xa uyazuza lonke nkulumo.

"Umlilo zePalamente eLondon"

Turner ubuchule enekona kubhekiselele kwiminyaka yoo-1830s. UWilliam wanika izifundo ukupeyinta ngosuku lokuqala, nesiphelo imizobo yakhe apha. Emehlweni abaphulaphuli kumangaliswa, ngehlombe amagcisa Turner iiyure ezimbalwa phantse wawugqiba umsebenzi kwi "Umlilo kwePalamente eLondon", umfanekiso ngo-1835. Sam umlilo kunyaka ongaphambili, ngo-1834. Iiglasi zamehlo Salo babukela ngamakhulu abantu. Turner, izanyazanyiswa kakhulu kule miba olulwayo lwadamba. Kwi ndawo umzobi wenza watercolors 9. Emva konyaka, phezu nesiseko sayo, wabhala enkulu ukupeyinta oyile.

"Lo moya lokugqibela inqanawa Valiant"

Lo msebenzi kuqala ngo 1839. Yenye the best umsebenzi Qonce. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba umzobi enelunda kakhulu kulo msebenzi, mna ke incamathele ukuba akazange avume ukuba kuthengiswa na ngexabiso.

Turner wazoba ilanga sentlalo, kwisiqalo of amafu somlilo apho sibona intshukumo "Valiant". Le wempi, ijoni Idabi Trafalgar. A self-ngokwaso isitya yamalahle-emnyama encinane mfutho elunxwemeni iThames ekulweni jikelele. Apha kuya iyakuvalwa ngokupheleleyo. Kungenzeka, ibali wazalelwa ebungqoleni William, yaye akazange bakhuphela indalo. umfanekiso Okubuhlungu kunye ombambazelayo inqanawa esihle imele ixesha eladlulayo ze iinqanawa. Ukongeza, ukuba isebenza njengesikhumbuzo le transience izinto zonke.

"Ikhoboka Ship"

Urhwebo ngamakhoboka kangangeenkulungwane eziliqela wayengomnye izinto ezibalulekileyo bengeniso eNgilani. IPalamente ngexesha ubomi Turner yamkela umthetho, njengoko apho okurhweba akuvumelekanga. Noko ke, kangangexesha elide, kwebala izazela hlanga ngqondweni anzima iimbongi, ababhali kunye namagcisa. Umfanekiso usekelwe isiganeko ngokwenene. amakhoboka yokuthutha uCaptain isigqibo jettison abantu beguliswa ikholera, njengoko ngokomthetho ukufumana yeinshorensi yodwa abo bafela elwandle. Ngenxa yoko, wakhululwa excess kungekwamthwalo namkhombe kude ezimvuleni nakwiinkqwithela. Nina zicaka, wabashiya kutshabalala kwi ngamaza. imizimba yazo zithwaxwa iintlanzi yokuphanga, nto ke leyo ebangele ukuba amanzi zidyojwe ligazi.

umsebenzi Turner emva

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umsebenzi Turner emva ezibhaliweyo selubala, kulula, imivumbo ngokukhawuleza. Umzobi bakhetha imibala eqaqambileyo, wayemthanda ezimhlophe kunye izithunzi brown kunye ebengezelayo. Akazange asetyenziswe kwimisebenzi yakhe imibala emnyama kunye neluhlaza. indalo Turner ngowe-1840 bekusele Akukwazi eluntwini. Le artist lathetha ngumsinga yimvula, ngalo bheka umphandle wenqanawa (umfanekiso 1832 "Staffa, emqolombeni Fingal"), esi sikhephe khoboka, ukusuka apho elwandle ehlaselwa Negro abagulayo (umsebenzi okhankanywe ngentla "Ikhoboka nqanawa" ngo-1840), uloliwe eyadala ( picture 1844 "Imvula, umphunga nesantya"). Ngenxa yoko, kakhulu kungalindelekanga, uWilliam kwaye ngobunono basabela iziganeko lwanamhlanje. Wayebonakala impumelelo imincili kwaye echaza inkqubela zobugcisa, kunye nezenzo zabantu - okhohlakeleyo kunye ezinezothe.

"Imvula, Steam nesantya"

Lo msebenzi thaca kwi-Royal Academy of Arts ngo-1844. Ukususela ubunzulu isithuba yazaliswa ngumsi kunye umphunga ukhangele uloliwe Umboniseli kuthwalwa ibhulorho phezu uMlambo iThames. Isithunzela wemoto usolule kwi ibala brown ukudibanisa iinkcukacha zayo. Oku kudala umbono intshukumo ngokukhawuleza. Ukuze lo msebenzi, bexesha Turner bakaThixo bavume. Abaninzi kubo wavakalisa amathandabuzo ubunyani umfanekiso kuloo ndawo.

lesivumelwano of William

Uilyam Terner, umfanekiso leyo alisetyenziswa ngokuthandwa yalo yangaphambili, ngokuthe ngcembe waqala ukuphelelwa umdla eluntwini. Ayenzelwe wawubonisa imisebenzi, ixesha elide ezimele fans kunye nabahlobo. UWilliam bafa eshiya inzala umnqophiso ixesha elide. yomnqweno awayenawo sokugqibela ukuvula iindawo zawo kwikhaya impelesi amagcisa, kwakunye igalari ye ngemizobo yakhe. Ukongeza, wayefuna ukuya eklasini akhademi landscape ukupeyinta zadalwa. Noko ke, kwathi ngenye indlela: imizobo, imizobo kunye watercolors ke ilifa kuphela ukuba ushiye Uilyam Terner. Imizobo yakhe wathimba ihlabathi elimangalisayo, leyo wabona igcisa. Bakwazi ukuba immortalize igama ngumdali layo.

Terner Uilyam uYosefu, namhlanje imisebenzi umdla omkhulu ehlabathini - waqaphela inkosi, nto leyo ngokukodwa aqonde Impressionists. Xa imisebenzi yakhe ukuzoba neziphumo abamnyama nabamhlophe, mibala zabo ulwandle kunye nemozulu ngekhephu, ubutyebi nombala emhlophe. Nangona kunjalo kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uhlobo 'landscape-intlekele ", ngoko kakhulu zimelwe ngemisebenzi William, iyinto eyinqaba kubo.