Monument ku Ivanu Groznomu: inkcazelo, imbali umdla facts

Ivan Grozny - isafobe kunokuba impikiswano kwimbali karhulumente wethu. Kwelinye icala, oku umlawuli ofanelekileyo, zephephandaba obuphangaleleyo yezopolitiko krele kunye nombhali abanetalente. On the enye - a misogynist, enguzwilakhe kunye synoubiytsa. De kube leli xesha ngubani Ivan IV yathinjwa kuphela kwi imizobo eqingqiweyo abaculi abaziwayo. Kodwa kukho ingcamango ukumisa ilitye lesikhumbuzo Ivanu Groznomu eRashiya kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo. Kwaba njalo ngokwenene oko kuphuma kulo, sifunda on.

Ukubonakala Ivana Groznogo

Ukususela imithombo ebhalwe ukuba bahlile beza imihla yethu, akunakwenzeka ukuba bagwebe imbonakalo tsar lokuqala Russian. Bathetha kuphela jikelele - ubude, amehlo ezinzulu-set kunye nani omhle othandekayo xa ikhula. Sonke khumbula umntu owalupheleyo endala kunye womzobo Vasnetsov "Ivan Grozny ubulala unyana wakhe." Kodwa ke imela igcisa ekupheleni kobomi bakhe, kunye nalo mlawuli loo mfanekiso akunanto yakwenza.

The State Russian Museum eSt Petersburg waqhubeka sculpture yobhedu Ivana Groznogo, eyenziwe igcisa Mark Matveevich Antakolskim. Yenziwe ngokuchanileyo kakhulu kwabo iinkcazelo, leyo eyaziwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19. Monument ku Ivanu Groznomu kufuneka ngqo kakhulu, ngenye indlela yokudlulisela ukubaluleka kwinzala kumfanekiso zembali?

Kuphela phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-omabini, izazinzulu M. M. Gerasimovym ngokutsha ifane isidumbu yommisi-mthetho ukuba yotyando.

Ingcamango yokuqala ukwakhiwa lesikhumbuzo

Kwidolophu lommandla Lyubimov Yaroslavl sacinga ukwakha lesikhumbuzo yokuqala Ivanu Groznomu. Ibali yayimbi yakhe. Ngowe-2005, abasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni ulungele ukuphumeza isicwangciso projekthi kwaye ukuvuma iindleko ezifana ungenelele uBhishophu kummandla Yaroslavl. Koko wabakhuthaza ukuba umtshutshisi woluntu kunye nokuhlolwa federal kunye nesicelo ukuthintela kolwakhiwo lesikhumbuzo, ukususela umfanekiso Ivana Groznogo inxulunyaniswa ndlongo phakathi kwabahlali kunye ukuqina yaye zingachaphazela indlela eziya zisiba le meko ubugebengu. Kutheni abemi kwenye idolophu encinane, ucinga ukuba tsar lokuqala Russian, akayi kuphinda ukubulala kunye nokudlwengula, akaziwa. Kodwa abaphathi abaphezulu luvalo ngemiphumo, kwaye ngumkhenkce le projekthi.

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba kutheni kangaka kude kwakungekho lesikhumbuzo kukumkani enkulu? Kutheni ufakelo litye lesikhumbuzo Ivanu Groznomu in Russian - kuyingcamango evelayo kuphela kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo? Kwaye ke ingxoxo ngalo mba ayawa cwaka. Enye isiqingatha umnqweno uluntu ukuba sibone ubuso bokumkani yokuqala, lo gama enye idlulise categorical "hayi."

Ivan Grozny kunye lesikhumbuzo "Millennium of Russia"

Enye le mibuzo ebuzwa ku Veliky Novgorod: kutheni lesikhumbuzo "Millennium of Russia" ayikho Ivana Groznogo? Eneneni, le ukukrola - lwalo lonke bukhulu, obabufikelela Russian uMbuso onamandla. Lo mzobo amanani ukusuka zaphawula ezahlukeneyo: ookumkani, izazinzulu, ootitshala, ababhali, iinkokeli omkhulu wamajoni namaqhawe. Ngaba Ivan Grozny akafanelwanga ukuba belingana kunye nabo? Nkqu akumangalisi nangakumbi kukuba uyise Ivan IV - Ivan Iii kwi lesikhumbuzo apho. Impendulo kule mibuzo kuxhomekeke iziganeko ezenzeka ngo-1570.

Novgorod and oprichnina

Ngowe-1569, iqela labantu Novgorod phantsi kolwalathiso amdaka kunye Skuratov Walungisa indawo ngamayelenqe amabhongo nxamnye nokumkani, injongo leyo ukususa ngokusuka etroneni. ixesha eyoyikekayo yibhodi ezingacacanga, yonke - iziza imizamo msebenzi. Wathi ke ukumkani bafunda ngayo. Kodwa akazange ukuphumeza nangoko gculeli, kwaye buqu waya Novgorod waza wenza i "kwinkundla yakomkhulu", yabulala zonke izikhulu baloo mzi. Ukumkani owabulawa kunye baphembeleli yaye wonk 'ubani inxaxheba kulo. Kwaye ke ubuchule nokubulala ezaneza kakhulu, kuchaphazela amabhinqa, abantwana kunye nabantu abadala. benyuka ubushushu bokumkani wambetha nje kuphela Novgorod Enkulu, kodwa maxe- ewujikelezile umzi. Beqhawe ixesha enilichithe kwiiveki ezintandathu. Ngeli xesha, lo mzi waba lihlwempu. Kuye isabalulekile zangaphambili njenge iziko korhwebo kunye nobomi benkcubeko. Emva kwezi ziganeko ezibuhlungu Novgorod zange babe olukhulu kwaye zange ukuxolela ubulala abaninzi ngukumkani.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba sibonise inkohlakalo wokumkani?

Yiyiphi elungileyo nayiphi na into Grozny, abantu baya kusoloko ndimkhumbule kuphela embi. Oku sele kakuhle lomntu. Kutheni kungekho mntu ukhumbula ukuba Grozny wahlala ngamandla amakhulu, ngenxa yokuba ukuba ngenxa isandla sakhe ngcembe, eli lizwe uza zibandakanyeke yeemfazwe zembujiswano kunye, okanye ukuba baphangwe ngabamelwane yamandla? Ukuba hayi wokuguqula kunye uloyiso zomkhosi, kuya kubakho uxolo kule minyaka izayo. Kodwa ke impumelelo kunjalo nje ezimbalwa libunile kwimemori ngabo ababephila ngexesha lakhe, nakwabo baliqabe ziganeko zembali.

Masikhumbule ukuba ixesha imithetho yokumkani. Yaba Dark Ages, luqhankqalazo lonke, nto leyo impanziso kunye nentlupheko. Umama kunye nomfazi yokuqala tyhefu uMlawuli ngokwakhe iye yasinda iinzame kokubulawa eziliqela. Ivanu Groznomu kwafuneka ukuba alwe iindlela ndlongondlongo, oko kuphela ngenxa yokuba ngelo xesha kwenzeka ukubheka abantu. Amaxhoba obundlobongela yaqala, ubuncinane 10 amawaka abemi Russian. Kodwa aninako bagwebe ngaphandle kokwazi eyona meko yelo xesha. Ke ukuba lukhetho? Mhlawumbi akunjalo, ingakumbi xa sihlalutya imisebenzi ezinye ookumkani kwamanye amazwe, owayelawula ngeenxa zonke ngaxeshanye.

amava European

EYurophu phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-16, amaxesha abazange engcono. Kuphela omnye St. Bartholomew ukukhunjulwa izizukulwana zexesha elizayo ngumzekelo inkohlakalo nogonyamelo nidloba. Abaququzeleli be ukubulawa ezoyikekayo yaba French Korol Karl IX nonina n Medichi. AmaRoma ke wayalela ukuba babulale kwaye zivutha ngqo kumakhaya abo ezinzulwini zobusuku. Ngale mini yoyikekayo wabulala 30 amawaka abantu, kwaye amaxesha amaninzi ngaphezu babulawa Ivanom Groznym kwiminyaka elishumi elinesithathu wobukumkani bakhe.

Le mvukelo yamahlwempu eJamani kwiminyaka 1524-1526 ezingaphezulu kwama-100 amawaka abantu. Esukuba wayalela ukuba ukubulawa Dutch Duke of Alba, kwaye uninzi amaxhoba Phum nje ukusuka kweli lizwe. izenzo ezimbi Kungenxa yoku ukuba ayikhangeleki eyoyikisayo kangaka.

Ivan Grozny kunye nesixeko Orel

Kulo nyaka umzi kwi Oka River ubhiyozela isikhumbuzo sawo 450th. Ngowe-1566-m ngokomyalelo Ivana Groznogo ilitye yokuqala sabekwa apha yaphawula ukuvela zokuhlala encinane apho waba isixeko entle emhlophe. Imbeko esi siganeko, amatsha basekuhlaleni baye ukwakha ilitye lesikhumbuzo Ivanu Groznomu e Orel. Ngokutsho kwabasemagunyeni, imali litye lesikhumbuzo iye eyanikelwa kumashishini asekuhlaleni, kwaye ibhajethi ayizange isetyenziswe nesenti.

Le lesikhumbuzo entsha bekufanele ukuba kuvulwa Agasti 3, 2016 ngexesha ekubhiyozeleni uSuku Eagle. Kodwa ke abantu benza rally yokwenene, yaye isiganeko eso kumhla we-16 Septemba. Uyilo Monument Ivanu Groznomu e Orel kuxhaswe uMphathi eMoscow All Russia KIRILL. Irhuluneli, ngenkxaso yabantu omkhulu onjalo bayalelwe ukuba basebenze abakroli ezintandathu.

Ngenxa Ivana Groznogo - 155 ezisekelwe e Nimes. Oku kuphela Eagle, kodwa loo ezinabantu ezinkulu njengoko Ufa kunye Cheboksary. Kwaye khumbula uyifuna. Oku kwathiwa ngokuphandle ngomawokhulu, eyayifuna ukuba immortalize imemori yokumkani yokuqala nangobhedu.

Iingxoxo kwi lesikhumbuzo Ivanu Groznomu

Abahlali abaninzi kakhulu siphikisane ngokuba kutheni lesikhumbuzo Eagle Ivanu Groznomu. Kuye kwenziwa yi amaqhawe yokubonela yasekuhlaleni (kwi square kufuphi kwibhotwe inkcubeko kufuneka kupheliswe imbonakalo ukumkani), i benkululeko beqela lobulali "Yabloko", kwakunye ne-US Air Force Channel. Soulmates bemanyene ngamaqela, ukudala uluntu networks zentlalo, benza abantu. Irhuluneli uyasokola ukulungisa lo mbandela, egxininisa ukuba oko uhlawula irhafu Ivanu Groznomu njenge ubuntu yembali, umseki umzi, kungekhona esasibizwa wamagazi. Mhlawumbi lo lesikhumbuzo e Orel iya kuba equleni yokuqala yaye silindele ukuba kuza kubakho ilitye lesikhumbuzo Ivanu Groznomu e Moscow, akukho kuyimfuneko, kwaye nangakumbi njalo.

Monument uVladimir

Njengoko ingxelo ngabasemagunyeni yommandla Vladimir, 6 Agasti 2016 kungekabekwa litye lofakelo omnye oqingqiweyo Ivanu Groznomu. Kuya zibekwe phambi yokuhlala lakhe Alexander zokuhlala ukuba kummandla Vladimir. Le projekthi ilitye lesikhumbuzo imitha ezintathu-azidalileyo Vasiliem Selivanovym kwaye ziya kuba zilungele ngoNovemba. Ivula ucwangciselwe ukuba National Day Unity.

anika umdla

Alexander Sloboda waye yokuhlala Ivan ngabangcangcazelisi izihlandlo ezininzi ziinkathazo. Kulapha ke bagqiba ubunye lizwe waza wenza ikhaya lakhe unento efana ne ingqukuva. Kangangexesha elide waphila apha nentsapho yakhe kunye nezifundo. isakhiwo Zobungangamela esakhiwa uyise Ivan wayila yi iingcibi best Russian kwaye Italian abo ukwakha le Moscow yesicelo.

Kwi-Alexander yesicelo zonke iintlanganiso bezozakuzo kunye abathunywa yaseSweden, Denmark, i-Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth kunye namanye amazwe aseYurophu. Ivela apha bafudukela umlawuli ukulwa of Novgorod simahla yaye kulapha, ngokutsho legend, ukuba sel 'wabulala unyana tsar lokuqala Russian. Ngoko kukho ithemba lokuba lesikhumbuzo iya kuba Ivanu Groznomu, ukuba ayikho Orel, ubuncinane ku Aleksandrov.