Kwemida kobunini karhulumente bomhlaba eRashiya. Iziseko umahluko lobunini karhulumente komhlaba

ulawulo fund komhlaba kufuna systematization ngokungqongqo resource. Ukongeza kwimimandla enxulumene kwipropati yabucala, iindawo ezinkulu ibekwe isebe karhulumente. Kule nkqubo yokuhlela isebenza emazweni ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo yaye bobakhe abadlali ezahlukeneyo. Eneneni, umhlaba ukumanywa ubunini imimandla federal, oomasipala kunye namanye amaqumrhu oluntu lwenziwa ngokwahlula-siseko ezo zichazwe kwi imithetho echaphazelekayo. Kunye leyo kwemida kwempahla karhulumente ayikwazi unokusekelwa kwigatya siseko ukuba zibaluleke kakhulu ukuphunyezwa kwale nkqubo yomthetho.

La mazwe zikawonke ezahlukileyo?

Eyona iphambili kolu hlobo yomhlaba liqulathwe ubume Federal Fund ye-Russian Federation. Sinako bathi oku ubume esisiseko nemimandla Russian ukuba abhaliswe ngokusemthethweni njengenxalenye impahla yayo.

Ngaphezu koko kukho umsantsa ka iindidi komhlaba, ipropati non-yabucala. Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba iindawo zifakiwe kwi-mali olawulwa ngabanini zabucala okanye imibutho ukuze awusebenzi ilizwe, kunye nemeko kwempahla karhulumente. Enye into kukuba kokwahlulwa lobunini karhulumente umhlaba wenza nje ukuba ukwabiwa ngakumbi phakathi abanini ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Kunye ubunini ephambili federal womhlaba nawo ukudala ezinye iintlobo kwipropati apho sinokwenziwa umahluko, kodwa ukuqala ukuqwalasela umgaqo amanyathelo.

Iintlobo zobumnini komhlaba karhulumente

uhlobo Basic kobunini komhlaba karhulumente ingxowa-mali federal. ukubhaliswa State of ngokomthetho uchaza iindawo iqondakele impahla imithetho Russian Federation. Ngelo xesha, kukho kwakhona lomhlaba kwimimandla Russian kunye noomasipala. Ngokuqhelekileyo avelele ubunini ngqo federal lomhlaba phantsi kolawulo koomasipala.

Le kusimanyayo ekumiseleni zombini iindidi kukuba, eneneni, zombini iindidi umhlaba ophethwe ngurhulumente. Enye into kukuba unyango ngqo ezi mali ikhutshwa phandle izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo. Kucacile ukuba kwemida lobunini karhulumente bomhlaba eRashiya lwenzeka ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo, ezo azichaze amalungelo obunini ngqo amacandelo igunya kamasipala okanye elinye iqumrhu. Akusoloko uphawu osahluleyo wenza kanye loo nto ngandlela ithile ezimotweni yokuqala. Umthetho ubonelela ukulungiselela nezenzo zikarhulumente, nto leyo nayo ukwenza isiseko ukwahlulwa kumazwe yase.

Ipropati izifundo Russian Federation

Njengoko kunjalo kunye namazwe federal, iziza, zibandakanywa impahla izifundo ngamnye bangabi ezinxulumene nobunini babucala. Umzekelo, kusenokuba iindawo apho kukho izinto ezinxulumene ilifa lokwenene ziphethwe ezikhoyo kweli lizwe. Kukodwa kulo mdlalo kobunini karhulumente kwi-Russian Federation iphantsi kolawulo nabasemagunyeni. Ngelo xesha, loo nto ayikuthinteli uhlelo kumazwe federal kwipropati iindawo ngamnye izifundo, ezifakwe kwi iziseko lwemimandla zokhuseleko. Umzekelo, ukuba nentsimi ekhethekileyo kubaluleke lwengingqi, kwaye oku engatshintshiyo akuzange kumthintele ukuba abe ingxenye ubunini Russian Federation.

La mazwe ezizodwa zommandla, ingakumbi, kwimiba lwemimandla yolondolozo lwendalo, iindawo kunye namanzi, njalo njalo. D. Ngaphezu koko, nokuba lo mmandla babucala into, loo nto sisithintelo distribution. Kodwa kwiimeko ezinjalo, iimeko ezimbini zimelwe kukuzaliseka. Okokuqala, icandelo ngokwayo akufunekanga babucala. Okwesibini, phambi kokuba uthengiso lwe propati, ibekwe kwisiza, kwafuneka ukuba kwipropati sifundo.

Ukuvela amalungelo obunini

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, ukuze ndibe ngumzekelo ilizwe libe phantsi, kodwa ekuqaleni kukho unelungelo lokuba nezinto ezizezakhe kwintsimi - ubuncinane kufuneka abe ngumnini Russian. kuvela Eli lungelo evela iinkalo ezimbini. Okokuqala konke oko kubangelwa ubhaliso karhulumente kwempahla ngokungqinelana nomthetho Russian. Oku kusebenza kuzo zombini i federal kunye nemali kamasipala.

Into yesibini isigwebo evuna okanye isenzo karhulumente - ngokuqhelekileyo ubunini loo ummiselo a kudlulela kusungulo neenkqubo ezintsha ukuze umhlaba Russian Federation. kwemida elandelayo karhulumente kunye nempahla kamasipala kunye nokusekwa sites kunye nokunika iwonga elitsha enziwe ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo, ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe zodwa.

Izizathu ngokuba ukuvela amalungelo obunini ezweni Russian Federation

ilungelo Basic, likuvumela ukuba wenze umhlaba kwiirejista, ukusasazwa enye yenziwa apho, kuvela ngawo ngenxa ubhaliso lwabo kule mali ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, omnye kunazo-mali lezamahlathi, kwakunye ichibi elikhulu umhlaba ngeenjongo zezolimo. Xa kusenziwa oku, kananjalo kuza zokuhlala elizweni, emasimini iwonga okanye ixabiso, njalo njalo. D. Akusoloko ezinxulumene ne isiseko yemeko amazwe. Nangona izinto ezininzi zivavanywe kwiimeko ezininzi. Ukuba ngumnini karhulumente umahluko phakathi amagunya zesifundo, amaxesha amaninzi kuthathelwa ingqalelo ngokoqobo bokuqonda.

Ngendlela ngokubanzi kumazwe federal zisasazwa zisekelwe phezu umdla qhinga karhulumente okanye kummandla ethile. Oku kusebenza ngokukodwa kwiindawo ngeziseko iphuhlisiwe, amaziko zoshishino okanye nezakhiwo amandla. Kukho izizathu ezithile umahluko kwempahla karhulumente kumhlaba reserve. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ubunini yenziwa bubukho izindlu kwisiza, nto leyo ifumaneka kwi-mali karhulumente federal.

Izizathu amalungelo empahla emhlabeni kwezi zifundo RF

Kulo mzekelo, isiseko enze izinto ezifanayo zomthetho, njengoko lo fom yokubhalisa impahla federal. Kodwa kukho ezinye nezongezelelo. Ngokomzekelo, kweminye imimandla Russia kunye izixeko ezikhulu federal isiseko okulolu hlobo kuba usukelo yokugcina iyunithi kwezoqoqosho enye. Ngamanye amazwi, ukwahlulwa-hlulwa kwempahla karhulumente we-Russian Federation zinokwenziwa iimpawu ezithile yengingqi komhlaba kunye nkcukacha zokwenza ushishino. Lo mba kwakhona ngokufuthi okugunyaziswe kwengqalelo koqoqosho.

Izizathu amalungelo kumasipala kobunini bomhlaba

OoMasipala kwi ukwabiwa kwamalungelo obunini mhlaba ngenxa kobhaliso okanye ngenxa babucala. Ngenxa yoko, phantsi kolawulo amaqumrhu Ungasa kwaye nendawo emasimini kunye neendawo kunye nezibonelelo mveliso, kwakunye ilizwe zibandakanyiwe kwiirejista kwemithombo yamanzi, iindawo zolonwabo, njalo-njalo. D.

Iyafuna egxininisa ukuba kwemida yepropati karhulumente ibe izigaba kunye nokudluliselwa yabo emva oomasipala iquka ukuhlanganiswa lokuhlola yokudla. Into kumdla lokufama elilelona zizidibanise ezi okanye ezinye iisayithi, okanye ngokuchasene noko, owahlukileyo kubo kumaqumrhu ezingabamelwane.

Eyona kwingongoma nganye ilizwe elo kwisifundo

Maxa wambi, le onefuthe njengenqobo engundoqo ngoweqela amazwe wenza ubunini into umgaqo zibekwe kwindawo ethile. Kodwa ukungacaci iindlela kwinkcaza umgaqo kwimeko nganye wanika isiseko kubulawe yayo. Ngoko ke, ngalo mzuzu njengoko neenqobo eziphambili obugqitywa ubunini, oko indawo lwengingqi ndawo nokusetyenziswa kwayo ngoku. Ngoko ke, ukuba umahluko zikarhulumente kuba kumgangatho kamasipala, umzekelo, umhlaba wezolimo ukuya ubunini lali ekufutshane okanye idolophu, apho inkampani isebenza ngqo kulo mhlaba.

Inkqubo kwemida imimandla

Imibuzo zokuhlukana yomhlaba ababandakanyekayo ngabasemagunyeni yolawulo elawula ubudlelwane propati. Olu xwebhu, nto leyo esele isiseko epraktikhali nokunikezelwa komhlaba liya kwenza uluhlu owabelwe koomasipala okanye amaqumrhu ye-Russian Federation enye okanye ezinye.

Ekugqibeleni, iphekwe irejista ebonisa iindawo abachatshazelwa ukwahlulwa kwepropati karhulumente. Isifundo apho loo nguqu zenzeke, ukutshintsha idatha kwi-inventri karhulumente mali komhlaba engingqi.

Ukusombulula ingxabano kwi kulwahlulo komhlaba

It ivumela ukuba kungenzeka kubekho impikiswano phakathi kwemimandla kunye noomasipala ye-Russian Federation kwi yokwabiwa kumazwe yase. Bahlala ekuphumezeni ngoxolelwaniso, kodwa kukho amatyala Ukusilela ukufikelela isivumelwano soxolo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ubunini karhulumente umahluko kuqinisekiswa ziinkundla.

Imithetho-siseko jikelele ukuba Distribution

division Practice komhlaba karhulumente ibonisa ukuba kuzo zonke iinkalo zomthetho lokuphunyezwa kwe izenzo ezinjalo lwemizimba alawulayo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo akhokelwa siseko emibini esisiseko. Eyokuqala i sikhokelo esemthethweni, olusekelwe phezu ilizwe ngokwalo bobabo-mali federal ukuba oxhaswa ngokusemthethweni ngobhaliso amalungelo obunini.

Yaye lo mgaqo wesibini ngaphezulu kwe kwemida karhulumente kunye nobunini kamasipala somhlaba, ngokusekelwe ngokufaneleka kwezoqoqosho, sombutho kunye nenkcubeko. Kuxhomekeka iimpawu kwindawo ethile uzimisele kwaye ilungelo pre-kwinjongp elifeni layo yalo okanye kweso sifundo. Kakade ke, akusoloko kwamkelwa izisombululo ezicacile. Umzekelo, imiba yezoqoqosho ebangela oku okanye eso sigqibo ukuze kungqubana iinkalo geographical nenkcubeko bona.

isiphelo

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, inkqubo ukwahlulwa komhlaba karhulumente uchazwa indlela sokuqala yokuseka nobunini. Kwaye njengoko umnini enze mali federal ngqo, kunye nezifundo ze-Russian Federation, kunye noorhulumente kamasipala. Ke kuzo zonke zontathu iimeko, ilizwe aliyi kuba ngasese eyale.

Kwakhona, iyantlukwano kobumnini karhulumente ingabonwa njengesixhobo umahluko kwempahla ngokusemthethweni. Ngaphambi kokuba enze isenzo kwintsimi ngokutsha sele karhulumente nerazgranichennom. Unako ke ukuthetha ukuzigcwalisa intsingiselo nenjongo. Oku kungqinwa uhlobo kusungulwa lobunini kunye nohlobo lomhlaba, kunye nendlela yayo yokusebenza.