Kutheni iintlanzi kufela zima? Aquarium kwabasaqalayo

Aquarium - ayilolongezo elikhulu embindini kunye usenokufumanisa izilwanyana nabalulamileyo ukuba musa ukuba izakhono ezizodwa kunye nengqalelo. Nakuba kunjalo, kaninzi abase behlala kulo mzekelo ufelwe zabemi kwamanzi. Kutheni iintlanzi kufela zima? Impendulo yalo mbuzo kwaye iza kunika inqaku lethu.

Le wabaqalayo impazamo iqhelekileyo yinkolelo yokuba itanki kunye iintlanzi ezihlala kuwo, musa mfuneko uncedo olongezelelweyo. Kuba andivi kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba ezi izilwanyana cwaka kufuneka ibele kuphela ngamaxesha athile, kufuneka ukukhanya neoksijini ezongezelelweyo, njalo-njalo.

Kutheni iintlanzi afe akwariyam: Oonobangela

1. izinto nitrogen-equlethe ityhefu.
2. zokuhlala elingalunganga.
3. Izifo.
4. lobushushu / Low phezulu.
5. ukukhanya engafanelekanga kwi akwariyam okanye ukungabikho kwayo.
6. umgangatho wamanzi engafanelekanga.
7. Le yokunqongophala kwe-oksijini.
8. Ndlongo komakhelwane.
9. yobudala Old.

nitrogen ityhefu

initrogen aqulethe kuvela emanzini sokonakalisa imveliso yenkunkuma abahlali balo, kunye nokucoca embi. nitrites ingakumbi namachiza nitrate. Ukunyusa inani labo sikhatshwa ivumba njengevithi, aquarium kuba lisibekele. Amagciwane iimveliso inkunkuma zilungiswa kwi nitrogen ezimbaxa echazwe ngasentla, ezilalisa fillers filter nodongwe. Isicombululo sentlambululo amanzi efanelekileyo, isicelo rhoqo kunye nokuhlamba okucoca, ukunciphisa inani feed (nokuba kwakhona ibolile iintsalela kwaye tyhefu aquarium).

yokuhlala elingalunganga

Zingaphi iintlanzi igcinwe i akwariyam? Inani abahlali akuxhomekekanga kuphela ubude nomzimba, kodwa ukuziphatha kwabo. Xa kwamatanki ezincinane (20-30 l) ibe ngcono iintlanzi ezincinci ibhityile, kokulandela imithetho, enye ilitha bolwelo nganye ubude sentimitha zezilwanyana.

Isikolo, ndlongondlongo kunye izilwanyana ezinkulu amandla efanelekileyo zeelitha ikhulu enye okanye ngaphezulu. Zokwanda esongela yokunqongophala kwe-oksijini kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukulahlekelwa izilwanyana. Into ebaluleke kakhulu impilo intlanzi ukukhanya zima.

ukukhanyisa efanele

Yini na ukuba ufe iintlanzi? Le ukhanyiso akwariyam babesilela nayiphi na imeko engenakwenzeka. iintlobo ezininzi iintlanzi edinga sokukhanya iiyure 10-12 ngemini, naxa nje kukungabi agule aze afe.

Ngoko Aquarium (for Beginners Ezi ngcebiso ibaluleke kakhulu) kufuneka axhotyiswe izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ukukhanyisa.

isifo

Ukuba iintlanzi afe akwariyam yenzekileyo, kufuneka ufumanise ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. A unobangela oqhelekileyo izilwanyana isibetho yobunzima ukugula kwabo, ezo yahlulwe esosulelayo kunye noninfectious.

Unobangela iqela lokuqala izifo kuba usulelo (nomngundo, iintsholongwane okanye neentsholongwane) kanye ehlasela (amakhalane). isicelo esingxamisekileyo yemithi efunekayo ukuze ukunyanga izifo ezifana:

• AbaseAfrika. Ebizwa ngokuba Pseudomonas Dermoalba. Le ephilayo lingena akwariyam kunye lisiza ezintsha, okanye abemi bomhlaba. Izifo ubonisa ekwimo ukuyilwa iidipozithi ezimhlophe ngasemva kunye nomsila wentlanzi. abantu engenwe kwakudada phezu kwamanzi. Igciwane kubangela umonakalo luvo, yaye ngenxa yoko, ukulahlekelwa nolungelelaniso. Unyango ibandakanya kweentsholongwane ngokupheleleyo akwariyam (kubandakanywa umhlaba, oomatshini kunye nezixhobo) kunye nokusetyenziswa neengcedevu kunye chloramphenicol abemi.
• Branhiomikoz. Isizathu sokuba livela - Branchiomyces demigrans (ngundo), nto leyo ebangela ukuba kusekwe egazi eliqela imithambo yegazi. Esi sifo iyosulela kakhulu, kwaye zingadlulanga iintsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu kulahleka zonke izilwanyana zima. Kubalulekile ukujonga uxilongo kwi lowokuqala umqondiso lwesifo kwaye uqale unyango, elinokuthatha iinyanga ezilishumi elinambini. Iimpawu: Inkangeleko imigca brown-inki ebomvu iigilizi, ukungabi namdla, ucinezele i amaphiko umzimba. Ngophuhliso sifo kuvela imivumbo ezingwevu epinki, ezimhlophe,, kunye iigilizi baba nezemarmore imibala. fish hide abagulayo kwiindawo esitheleyo. Unyango branhiomikoza yancitshiswa kwizigulana zilinywe abantu kwisingxobo esahlukileyo nokusebenzisa isisombululo sulfate yobhedu "rivanol". Aquarium nezixhobo iintsholongwane, uze utshintshe amanzi ngokupheleleyo.
• Hexamitiasis. Oku kubizwa infusoria geksamitom. Esi sifo iyosulela kakhulu kwaye kuyingozi kakhulu cichlidae. Unyango lithatha enye enesiqingatha ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini. Symptomatology: on umzimba ntlanzi kuvela izilonda mucosal ilunga, ezimpundu asha kunye ngendle iba Singabhalwa mhlophe cu-like endalweni. Kuba hexamitiasis unyango wasebenzisa antibiotics ( "Metronidazole" "Griseofulvin" "Erythromycin"). Ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise indlela ezichazwe ngasentla kufuneka unyityilikiswa emanzini. In isicombululo endibufumeneyo te kunye feed.
• Gyrodactylosis. Umthombo esi sifo a ekutyeni nasemakhalaneni Iphiko Gyrodactylus, ebetha amaphiko, iigilizi nolusu yeentlanzi. abantu abachaphazelekayo eziphezu emanzini, amaphiko icinezelwe nxamnye nomzimba kunye zizonwaye nxamnye amatye kunye nezinye iindawo, wolahlekelwa ukutya kwabo. Kummandla iimpumlo kunye nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba kuvela sinombala-nombala amabala, ezo ziimpawu umonakalo kwithishyu. Kuba unyango lwe gyrodactylosis kongezelelwa emanzini "Bitsillin" yaye "Azipirin". intlanzi aboSulelwe ufudusiwe ezityeni ezahlukeneyo, nebangela ukuba ityuwa yazo eqhelekileyo, sulfate ubhedu, formalin okanye oluhlaza malachite. Iqondo lobushushu amanzi kufuneka zandiswe.
• Glyukeoz. Unobangela sifo ngundo Microsporidia, ngokonakalisa amehlo, nezibilini kwakunye iigilizi. Kulo mzekelo, intlanzi eyosulelekileyo ungaqubhi macala, nomzimba yabo wambu amabala wamagazi. Ukuba usindwa amalungu umbono, akukho exophthalmia. Esi sifo ngelishwa esinganyangekiyo. izilwanyana ezigulayo nezityalo kudla, kunye nomhlaba kunye nezixhobo iintsholongwane.
• rot fin. Oku kubizwa wand Pseudomonas. Ezininzi eziqhele kuchaphazela intlanzi kunye imisila evuthelweyo nobunzi- vualevidnymi emzimbeni. Kunye kungqameko amaphiko zikhule turbid kwaye imibala ithinti oluhlaza. Ekuhambeni ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo fin ukubola, kude nomsila zitshona abantu abaselula. Emva koko luchaphazela eluswini, izihlunu kunye imithambo yegazi, nto leyo ukufa kwenzeka. Kuba izithebe ukusebenzisa unyango kunye oluhlaza malachite, Antiparah okanye "Bitsillin".
• Dactylogyrosis. Unobangela sifo a trematode amaphelo Dactylogyrus, ethi ichaphazele iigilizi yeentlanzi. Izigulane izilwanyana uphelelwe ngumdla ekutyeni kunye iigilizi utshintshe umbala (abe nezinala okanye ezimhlophe). fish abosulelwe zigcinwa phezu kwamanzi, bagcobe nxamnye ngamatye nokuphefumla ngenkuthalo. e amaphiko dj njo, wayifulela yencindi ngamanye amaxesha erozirovanny. unyango dactylogyrosis kwehle ukunyusa iqondo lobushushu amanzi akwariyam kunye nokongeza isisombululo formalin kuyo, ityuwa okanye "Bitsillin".
• Enesitshanguba. Ibizwa sikuyo ehlasela enyama yangaphakathi, ulusu kunye iigilizi. Ngokufuthi kubonakala lesibini, njengoko kwingxaki nezinye izifo. Xa fish angcolile kuvela emhlophe ngomsonto obhityileyo kwi iimpumlo kunye eluswini, emva koko kuchaphazela enyama yangaphakathi, yaye kwenzeka ekufeni. Therapy luqala unyango eziziiprayimari sifo, yaye emva koko ukwandisa umzimba yaye lisetyenziswa iibhate potassium permanganate, "Bitsillin" kunye netafile ngetyuwa.

umgangatho wamanzi

Ipharamitha ephambili kulwelo etankini zezi: ukuqina, ubumdaka eziyingozi (chlorine, njalo njalo), kunye inqanaba ntumbuluko asidi.

amanzi etephini zingasetyenziswa kuphela emva kokuba luhlala kwisithuba seentsuku omnye ukuya kwemibini. Kungenjalo chlorine Ityhefu kwenzeka izilwanyana.

amanzi ithambe kakhulu kudale alkalosis, yaye kuncitshiswe inqanaba iasidi - asidi eninzi.

iimeko lobushushu

Kutheni iintlanzi kufela zima? Mhlawumbi isizathu ilele okanye amaqondo ezingafanelekanga. Elungele kakhulu amanzi degrees 22-26. Noko ke, abanye abemi, ezifana mibono intlanzi Xoxa - degrees 28-30, negolide - 18-23 degrees.

Too amanzi abandayo kunokubangela i izilwanyana ebandayo, eshushu kakhulu - anoxia (njengoko ephakamileyo ubushushu, inowuthi isiqulatho neoksijini emanzini).

esaphila

Ukuba iintlanzi afe akwariyam yenzekileyo, kufuneka ufumanise ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Mhlawumbi isizathu yokufa yabo ukwaluphala. Emva kokuba intlanzi, kwakunye nezinye izidalwa eziphilayo, ikhuphe ixesha elithile:

• Carps. Eli qela libandakanya guppies, platypus, kunye platies molineziya. abameli Ukuphila yale hlobo yiminyaka nje emithathu enesiqingatha.
• Mibono: cockerels, lyapiusy, gourami - iminyaka emine okanye emihlanu.
• Characins: tetras, neons, piranhas, abantwana - kwiminyaka esixhenxe.
• ZeCARP: izinkcwe, yerediyo, zebrafish, Cardinal - ukusuka kwiminyaka emine ukuya elinesihlanu.
• Cichlidae: izikhwenene, Xoxa, severum, Apistogramma, tsihloma - ukusuka kwiminyaka emine ukuya elinesine. Angelfish kwi akwariyam, nayo leyo ngamalungu eli qela ukuze baphile avareji iminyaka elishumi.

• Kum: tarakatumy, catfish glass nezinala - iminyaka esibhozo ukuya kwelishumi.

Ukumisela ngamnye ukwaluphala ilula: oko ndiyihlanganise ndiyidadise embi, uba ngababuthuntu, le amaphiko ziya olindelwe. fish Abafileyo kwangoko kususa.

Yokunqongophala kwe-oksijini

Imixholo yeli candelo ebalulekileyo ezimeleyo amanzi lobushushu, inani abahlali, kunye nobukho bhanya nomoya zophendlo lwezifo phezu komhlaba.

Yokunqongophala kwe-oksijini kunokubangela zizalwa (ukutsarhwa) iintlanzi. Kulo mzekelo, iimpumlo zabo genge, kunye neentshukumo nokuphefumla zibe lwaqho kunye namandla. Le isilwanyana idada phezu kwamanzi, gasping ukuba umoya. Emva kwethutyana intlanzi abulawe kunye umlomo kwaye iigilizi genge. Xa efumanise iimpawu ezinjalo kufuneka ukufumana size silungise unobangela zizalwa: ukuba lihlale abahlali, ukunciphisa ubushushu emanzini, susa umboniso ze icoce Exchange amanzi akwariyam, ukuthenga izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ityetyiswe amanzi ne-oksijini.

Xa agqithisile ioksijini emboli irhasi zingenzeka.

iziphumo

Ukuba iintlanzi afe akwariyam, ukuba benze ntoni?

1. Susa ndlovu abafileyo.
2. Bukela ezinye izilwanyana (ngenxa yokutshintsha yokuziphatha, umbala, njalo njalo).
3. Khangela snap (akwariyam kwabasaqalayo iya kuba: ioksijini, icebo lokucoca ulwelo, ithemometha, njalo njalo).
4. Ihlola isimo amanzi (ukumisela ubushushu, ubumuncu, ukuqina).
5. Phambi ukungcola - ukutshintsha emanzini, ekucoceni izixhobo kunye emhlabeni xa kuyimfuneko.
6. Lungisa ukukhanya zima.
7. fish onesifo Otsadit okanye ahlale ukwanda.