Izixhobo ngomgunyathi eRashiya. Ngokungekho iingalo okurhweba (Code Criminal)

"Ngenxa yale meko mthetho yangoku ..." - ngubani phakathi kwethu na ndakuweva la mazwi, esilumkisa ngengozi. Esinye sezizathu igalelo kuphuhliso izinto ezimbi ezichaphazela yokurhweba ngokwesini bezinto. Le meko kukhokelela kukuba kukho izixhobo ngomgunyathi eRashiya. Kunye nophuhliso yayo kukho ezifuneka phambili ukuze kuphuculwe nobugebengu nobunqolobi.

ukuba nombono

Xa inkcazelo, isixhobo - yiyo nayiphi na i-arhente ukuba enokusetyenziselwa okuhlaba umkhosi, asindisa ubomi (self-yokuzikhusela), ukubulawa okanye ukutshatyalaliswa kwayo nayiphi na ekujoliswe ophilayo.

Ukuze ukunika inkqubo esemthethweni nefanayo entsimini kwezixhobo zengeniso 1997 weza ukusebenza uMthetho Federal "On Izixhobo» № 150-FZ, nto leyo ilawulwa lonke isixhobo kwaye umda ke nezimaphambili ezingundoqo. Ngokuhambelana nomthetho, umsebenzi obonisa ulawulo phezu Ukubolekisa nemipu lixhomekeke namapolisa. The terms of reference kuchazwa nguMthetho Federal "On Police", nto leyo wangena ukusebenza ngo-2011.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukwamkelwa uMthetho "On Izixhobo" liye landa inani labantu kuthenga ukuzingela, ezemidlalo kunye nezinye imipu pistols indlela esemthethweni. Kulo mzekelo, esi sixhobo kufuneka zibhaliswe, kwaye umnini kufuneka abe nephepha-mvume ukuba kuthengwe, ukugcinwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesi sifundo. Olu phawu inika isebe amapolisa ezikhethekileyo - OLRR (mvume kunye ukuvumela isebe umsebenzi).

Ngelishwa, lo mthetho "On Izixhobo" isifundo edizwe akwanelanga, evumela ukuba ningalicaluli lona eli lungiselelo ngokokubona kwayo. Ngokukodwa, oko engafakwanga kuluhlu lwe kudidi kwezixhobo non-iyabulala (umzekelo, umpu igesi), nto leyo, nangona ayikho buhlungu, kodwa yenzelwe yokudubula. Iimbumbulu Standard ingathathelwa indawo ezibuhlungu.

izikhali

Umthetho № 150-FZ zezi zilandelayo (inxenye yabo iboniswe kwimarike iingalo mthethweni).

1. iingalo Civil:

a) isixhobo self-yokuzikhusela:

• izixhobo umlilo egudileyo-wamzalela, kuquka neekhatriji amanyathelo esibuhlungu.

• Izixhobo ifuthe elithile.

• izikhali nerhasi.

• izixhobo zombane kukothuka.

b) izixhobo zemidlalo:

• Imipu nge komgqomo ziphangwe.

• Smooth.

• Cold bladed.

• iphoswe.

• Air ne energy kuwugcina ngokuwubopha elingekho ngaphezulu kwe-3 J.

c) izixhobo inyamakazi yakhe;

• ixesha-barreled Imipu kunye komgqomo ziphangwe.

• Smooth-wamzalela elide-barreled, kubandakanywa isahlulo azinamsonto angekho ngaphezulu kwe-140 mm.

• uhlobo Ludityanisiwe kwakudala-barreled, kuquka umphanda elisusekayo kwaye loose-ziphangwe.

• Air ne energy kuwugcina ngokuwubopha elingekho ngaphezu kwama-25 J.

• Cold bladed.

g) luphawu isixhobo ;

e) iingalo likhaba ukunxiba costume kazwelonke;

e) nezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa iinjongo kwezenkcubeko nezemfundo - antique acinyiweyo ukuba ixabiso kwinkcubeko.

Ngoko ke, ezi ntlobo yezixhobo ezi esemthethweni kwaye kuveliswa, ababeyiqwebile, efanelekileyo ukuthwala, ukugcinwa kunye nokusetyenziswa.

Izixhobo, leyo benamandla ukurhweba mthethweni, ubukhulu becala ukulwa umlilo. Iindleko izixhobo kwi ngomgunyathi umiselwa ngabathengisi.

upgrades Self izixhobo

Bavame iimeko xa umpu aye ekomelezeni liyathintelwa ngumthetho. Nasiphi na uhanahaniso ngayo, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba utshintshe iimpawu kakhulu ezahlukeneyo, hayi kuchaziwe ngumthetho, wenze ukuba isixhobo akuvumelekanga. Kule miba kuyimfuneko ukuba anikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo, ngokuba umthetho ayicacisi amathuba ezikuvumela maxesha. Ukuze inguqu ezizenzekelayo ezifana nokusetyenziswa ubonelela yolawulo mthetho ityala.

Ngokukodwa, i-Code yoLwaphulo kukho kwiSiqendu 223, nto leyo ithi ukuba ukwenziwa mthethweni, ukutshintshwa, okanye ukulungiswa, ngokunjalo kurhwebo mthethweni kwi izixhobo, nto leyo ke kunokubangela ukuba unikwe isigwebo seminyaka emibini ubomi benene kuyo. Kwaye abo bantu ngenxa yezenzo zabo iseyeyona alikho semthethweni yokuntlokothiswa kunye ngokuzithandela wanikezela ezikhalini nabutyala mthetho.

Kwi Amanqaku Code Administrative 20.8-20.15 eyayilawula ukusetyenziswa, ukutshintshwa, ukuthengisa, ukuguqula mvume yezixhobo usinxibe abantu bakhe imeko obunxilisayo okanye enye ukunxila. Isohlwayo abantu benze sono yolawulo eli liyithweleyo isohlwayo kwezo meko, ukuba iqulathe akukho lityala lolwaphulo-mthetho. Ngale ndlela, abaphandi yalo mthetho Russian bathi ukungangqinelani phakathi mthetho kunye nekhowudi yolawulo ngokuchasene yokurhweba zesini ingalo yenza mbini lesohlwayo kumgaqo-nkqubo nemithetho, ekubeni kunzima ukumisela sengqondo yoxanduva.

Izizathu ezandla okurhweba

Arms ukurhweba Russia ukuza kuthi ga ngoku sele ifikelele iqophelo ngenxa yokungabikho lwemithetho zobugcisa zomthetho kwi-mvume kunye nesebe ivuma. Ukuveliswa emgangathweni kunye nokuqiniselwa iingalo ekhuselwe emthethweni "Kwi Regulation Technical", nto leyo yamkelwa ngo-2003. Noko ke, ezi nkcukacha kwezixhobo njengesifundo, nto leyo ibeka ubomi kunye nempilo, ufuna ukwamkelwa izenzo zomthetho olawula zonke iimpawu izixhobo, ngaphandle wayamene nokusetyenziswa iimpawu zayo.

Ungaqala nesibakala iingalo ngokungekho ukurhweba isasazwe phakathi kwabantu ngokwaneleyo. ukushiyeka zomthetho ziboniswe ukuthingaza abemi ukuba babhalise kuyo. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu ukuba ixesha le nkqubo, imfuneko ukuthatha amanyathelo, ezo ndingabi nawo ixesha. Abasebenzi bona bathi imfuneko yokuphucula kwimimiselo yobuchwepheshe, eya ukukhawulezisa inkqubo mvume kunye nokubhaliswa izixhobo. Chonga izixhobo ezifanelekileyo iinkcukacha ezifunekayo ngalo mzuzu ngokobungcali abasebenzi OLRR ilifa. Oku, idala imfuneko ukubandakanya iingcaphephe ngaphandle, nto leyo ethatha ixesha.

Ngaphezulu, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izixhobo mthethweni kufuneka abantu abangakwaziyo ukufumana ngayo ngokusemthethweni ngenxa yaso nasiphi na isizathu.

izikhali Ngokomthetho ezifunyenwe

Kuba athenge izinto zomthetho amandla ebulalayo kuyimfuneko ukufumana amaphepha-mvume kunye namaphepha-mvume. Ngaphandle kwala maxwebhu esi sixhobo, eyeye ngummi, iya kuthathwa njengento mthethweni. Izixhobo kufuneka ithengwe kwinkampani obhalisiweyo isisombululo umrhwebi ngokusemthethweni ukuba lungafumaneka kwi kwisebe kwiilayisenisi kunye avumele umsebenzi. Kuyinto ngokwenene kwisiqingatha sonyaka. Imipu unit kufuneka abonelele ukuba sihlolwe kwi kwisebe efanayo. Ukususela kulo, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukwenza nokulawula iziphumo ukudubula ekuza kungenwa kuzo pulegilzoteku, uze ungakwazi ukufumana ilayisenisi ilifa, ephethe kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo. Uxwebhu sisebenza iminyaka emi-5. Ukuze ukufumana imvume, maluqhutywe ngolu hlobo:

• Bangenele axilongwe.
• Kufumana uqeqesho olufanelekileyo ekuphatheni izixhobo kwisifundo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Akuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa iingalo kubantu:

• zibhaliswe kwi unyango ngamachiza kunye esibhedlele engqondweni;
• izigwebo ebalaseleyo;
• baye irhoxisiwe labagwetyelwe nokurhweba izixhobo;
• ukuba ufikelele kwiminyaka yobudala engama-18.

Kuba ukuthengwa kweentlobo ezithile kwezixhobo ubudala kufuneka ube neminyaka ubuncinane-21.

Ezi kunye nezinye izibonelelo echaphazelekayo imithetho izixhobo, kuquka Codes zoLwaphulo soLawulo, kufuneka ngokuthe ngqo, kungenjalo iingalo okurhweba ziya kuqwalaselwa mthethweni.

ukuthenga ngokungekho kwezikhali

A iziko elisemthethweni ezahlukeneyo kakhulu abe ngomgunyathi izixhobo eRashiya. Xa kuthelekiswa, ukuphuculwa izixhobo ezingekho mthethweni ngokwabo - le yomkhenkce phezu komhlaba kuqoqosho kwesithunzi. Okwangoku, unako ukuthenga izixhobo, esazi umthengisi akazizisanga kuphela ngqo, kodwa kwakhona nge Internet.

Ixabiso eliphezulu izixhobo ezifana, xa kuthelekiswa ne mabakala zomthetho, asinto umqobo izaphuli-mthetho okanye abantu nje bafuna ukuba axhobe. Overpaying, umthengi wenza nje konga ixesha kodwa ufumana naziphi na izixhobo kwiimfuno zabo.

izixhobo ngomgunyathi eRashiya rhoqo ihlaziywa neemeko ezintsha kunye ezintsha, kunye neendlela kumzabalazo wokulwa ejikeleza mthethweni kwezixhobo ahlale kwinqanaba elifanayo.

Imithombo izixhobo ezingekho mthethweni

Ngokusisiseko, kuphuma imithombo zilandelayo:

• Izixhobo Military (ukubelwa izixhobo iziseko zomkhosi).
• Army trail (izixhobo ezibiweyo ngexesha lemfazwe).
• izixhobo Service ezibiweyo kumagosa ukuthotyelwa komthetho.
• Arms abenzi, ezo ishishini mthethweni.
• Ukuthutyeleziswa evela kumazwe angabamelwane.

Ngokutsho manani,-17% of iingalo livela imfazwe, 14% - izenzo zobusela,-5% yamanqaku ewonke - iziphumo ze "archeologists abamnyama". Noko ke, abaphendula akazange afune ukuba banike amagama abo, nto leyo babe nolwazi oluthile endle yemizuzwana iingalo okurhweba, bathi ukuba izixhobo ezifumaneka ngexesha kukugrumba ixesha elide kungekho mntu uthenga - umgqutsuba.

ukuthenga ngokusemthethweni izixhobo. Ilungelo lokufumana

Iindleko zokuvelisa osemthethweni izixhobo ixhomekeka kuhlobo hlobo yayo ezithengiweyo. Ukongeza, abemi abaqhelekileyo ukuthenga ezi ndidi zilandelayo:

• Izixhobo for self-yokuzikhusela.
• Athletic.
• Hunting.
• Bladed melee izixhobo eyenzelwe ukuba kunxitywa kunye costume kazwelonke.

izixhobo Military bunokufunyanwa ngokungqongqo kuphela ukuqeshwa, xa edibene imfuneko yokusebenzisa kuyo. Oku kunokuba isakhiwo ilandelayo:

• arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho.
• ukhuseleko ubumfazwe.
• Bexhobile Forces ye Russian Federation.
• neenkampani zokhuseleko zabucala.

Ngelo xesha , beneentonga zonke zemfazwe, ogama amaxabiso zilawulwa ngurhulumente, kuthengiswe phantsi mvume, elikhutshwa lo mbutho. Abasebenzi abagunyaziswe ukuba bathwale iingalo, baqeqeshiwe.

iiyunithi Iindleko smoothbore kwesinye sites ezisemthethweni:

Indleko ezinye iintlobo izixhobo ezingekho mthethweni

izixhobo ngomgunyathi eRashiya ibekela ngokuyintloko yokulwa iiyunithi. Ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo, i-TT kuxhaphakile ngaphezu PM, njengoko "Macarena" ndafika ikakhulu icinyiwe, oko kukuthi, baye sele idubule naye.

Ukusukela namhlanje, loo mihla nobugebenga obucwangcisiweyo ukhetha ukusebenzisa isixhobo angaphandle kunye silencer, ngoko ke imifuziselo zasekhaya bawa ngamandla ixabiso. Iindleko izixhobo ukususela eerandi 100 ukuya 900, kwaye kwezinye iimeko ephakamileyo.

Umzekelo, kwi-90, xa igagasi ulwaphulo nokuchuma kwawo, AK-74 zingathengwa for $ 500. Namhlanje le meko itshintshile, kwaye umatshini enye, nto ikhoyo ibiselikho kade kunjalo, yintoni kuthengelwa $ 150.

manani ezichanekileyo kwiindleko Hayi, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukufumana ixabiso ekhoyo esidlangalaleni for "isixhobo ioli", kodwa kwakusazeka ukuba ixabiso phantse kabini ezisemthethweni.

Ngokusesikweni, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa lezoKhuselo wala ukuthenga AK-74 baxhasa izixhobo ezitsha ukuze "Izhmash" iza kubonelela urhulumente. Okwangoku, warehouses ezaliswe Uhlobo lwedatha isixhobo, ngoxa imfazwe yanamhlanje ifuna umfuziselo ngaphezu umatshini kaHomer.

lokuyekisa ilayisensi

Iinkampani ze yakhe izixhobo kufuneka ukuba ezivumelekileyo Regulation "Xa mvume lwemisebenzi ezithile". Ukongeza, kufuneka babonwe nje kuphela imithetho yomthetho kodwa ke iimeko zemveliso, ugcino kunye neentengiso. Amapolisa, ngokomyalelo "Kwi Amapolisa" linelungelo lokuhlola indawo, kuquka eluncedo, kuba ukuthobela imiqathango engentla apha. Ukuba ipolisa phendla nayiphi na impatho embi, isenzo efanelekileyo. License kulo mzekelo, inkampani ukuze ulahlekelwe.

Enye imveliso kunye urhwebo izixhobo ngaphandle mvume kukho izenzo ezingekho mthethweni, wohlwaywe ngokomthetho. Oku kuboniswe kwinqaku 171 of Code Criminal - izinto zoshishino mthethweni ngaphandle kwephepha-mvume.

nokuveliswa ngokungekho kwezikhali

Asizizo zonke iinkampani ezilahlekileyo iimvume zabo, inkunkuma evela imveliso kunye nokuthengiswa izixhobo. Business turnover kweeyunithi kuzisa ingeniso enkulu, ngoko kukho ishishini mthethweni kwi ukwenziwa kunye nokuthengiswa iingalo. Ziyindlela deal iphumele ubuso eziqhelekileyo, nto leyo qiniseka ukuba akhokele.

Ukususa imveliso izixhobo kuqoqosho isithunzi kuzisa ilahleko ebonakalayo kurhulumente, ekubeni iimali ezifunyenwe ngethuba ukuphunyezwa zikhali abangabhaliswanga kunye ufumane ubume mali ezifunyenwe ngeendlela ezingekho mthethweni. Kwixesha elizayo, akukho semthethweni yabo, kodwa ulawulo irhafu ezi imali phantsi.

imali ngokungekho semthethweni kubonelelwe kwiSiqendu 174 no 174,1 weKhowudi zoLwaphulo kwaye wohlwaywe ukuya kwiminyaka eli-10 entolongweni.

Iimpawu ze ingqokelela yezixhobo, iikopi kunye nemifanekiso

Phantsi ummiselo osemthethweni kuxhomekeke izixhobo wemfazwe, amaxabiso ezo kuluhlu ngaphambili, kodwa ingumbuthi. Kuya kubakho kwakhona kwezi ubhaliso kunye nesiqinisekiso, kwanokuba akukho kusetyenziswa. izikhali Ngokomthetho ezinjalo inexabiso ezimbalini, kunye nabo banqwenela ukuba uthenge umzekelo ekhethekileyo ngokwaneleyo.

Ukongeza, kukho iikopi kunye zingumfanekiso wezikolo izixhobo, nto leyo kudlalwa kwi imizobo yokuqala. Ezi ntlobo zinto, enyanisweni, abayi kuqwalaselwa nje isixhobo, ngoko ke musa ukuba ukubulala namandla, kodwa zonke iimpawu yokuqala.

Iikopi, kwemifanekiso, izixhobo ikopi efanayo ngendlela efanele umxholo, nto leyo eyingozi ebomini kunye nempilo iimpawu, ngoko ke ifumaneka simahla ngaphandle mvume.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ngoxa enxibe ikopi isixhobo hayi ulwaphulo-mthetho, i-ummi unelungelo ukubamba amapolisa ukuqinisekisa iimeko njengoko kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuchana amazwi umnini zesifundo, iveliswe umfanekiselo yokuqala.

semthethweni izikhali

ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka izixhobo ngokomthetho. Ngo-2014, kwavakala ukuba kungekudala enxibe kunye nokusetyenziswa naziphi yunithi kuya kuvumeleka, kuquka ukulwa. Nangona kunjalo, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa Interior uyakhanyela le ngxelo, esithi wayeza yala maxesha imilinganiselo kwimimiselo yobuchwepheshe. Olu hlaziyo akuyi kuba nanto yakwenza ekusonjululweni ukujika nasiphi na isixhobo, wathi ubulungiseleli.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, izilungiso "Imithetho ingeniso yezixhobo yoluntu nenkonzo kunye izixhobo kwi kummandla Russian Federation", phantsi nowavumela ukuba aphathe umpu ezibuhlungu self-ukuzilandulela njengabemi ilayisenisi ilifa layo, ithwele kwaye usebenzise. Ngaphambili, lo mthetho akuvumelekanga ukuba uthwale izixhobo kuphela ngexesha kusenziwa ekujoliswe, ukuzingela, kunye iziganeko zemidlalo.