Iziphene Weld: ngokuhlelwa kunye noMthetho waMayeza

Welding - omnye nkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu kwimveliso. Ngayo, i uxhulumaniso lusenziwa lamaqhosha ophuma ezintsimbini zoyilo ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo. Njengoko kunjalo kwezinye iinkqubo zoshishino, maxa wambi kukho umtshato. libhekisela iziphene weld phantsi kuyo, leyo kakhulu ukunciphisa umgangatho imveliso igqityiwe, ukuba wenze oko operation ebulalayo.

ngezigaba

Hi ndlela leyi, njani ukuba ahlukane? Zonke iziphene weld bohlulwa babe ngamaqela ezinkulu ezintathu:

• Yangaphandle.
• Internal.
• Sisaqhubeka.

iziphene yangaphandle weld zidla udidi kakhulu ezininzi. Oku kuquka: ubungakanani omncinane kakhulu, kwakunye ukubana komgca joint, maqhuqhuva ezahlukeneyo, "amanxeba", lo shrinkage iqokobhe kwaye okulungiswe kwinkqubo yimingxuma welding, amathanda okanye porosity. weld ububanzi Nonuniform nayo inxulumene kule ntlobo. Kukholelwa ukuba ezi ziphene yangaphandle amalungu welding na udidi okungenani yingozi.

Ngako oko, le lwangaphakathi ziquka pores, inclusions ezininzi zeBlack hayi ivuthwa ngokupheleleyo ndawo, yaye sibange Ebubanzini metal weld. Ngokuphathelele nge iziphene, oko fistulas, nokwandisa nge yonke ububanzi neentanda inxalenye, kunye baphelelwe.

Eyona eziphambili ezibangela iziphene ukuwelda

• Phantse njalo zibonakala xa uzama ukusebenzisa izinto efikeleleka kakhulu kwaye esezantsi-grade.
• Kunjalo uthe mgangathweni izixhobo welding. Ngaphezu koko, lo nezihlandlo kukuvela iziphene ngokufuthi kwandisa emva izixhobo zokulungisa kakuhle ezisetyenziswa ziingcali.
• Kakade ke, oku kwenzeka ngokufuthi waphula ubuchwepheshe.
• uneengxaki omhlophe weld azikho ingaqhelekanga ukuba abasebenzi abangenamava kunye qualification eliphantsi.

Kulula ukuqonda ukuba uninzi iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu lufumaneka kwimeko ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo. Musa ukulibala malunga lula sokusebenza. Ngenxa yoko, komphetho enamaxolo enkulu kunye nokunyhashwa ububanzi balo isoloko kakhulu ezifumaneka kwiimeko apho zentsimbi (nokuba abanamava) ukusebenza kwindawo engonwabanga.

Enyanisweni, hayi ngengozi kwi neemfuno ukuphunyezwa iwelding kukho izinto ezo ngokukodwa mayichaze epheleleyo zixhobisa emsebenzini, ngokubonelela ergonomics zobulunga.

phawula ebaluleke

Nokuba a abatyhidi abo basandula kuqalisa eyaziwa kakuhle ukuba nkulu amandla ingenamthungo kufuneka abe inzuzo encinane ngokomyalelo 1-2 mm. Ngelo xesha linye abatyhidi efanayo badla bayavuma lesayensi xa kusenziwa nzuzo 3-4 mm. Ngokusisiseko, kwiimeko elula, akukho nto iphosakeleyo ngaloo nto, kodwa xa kufikwa kwiimveliso, basoloko zikwimeko olutshintshayo umthwalo. Konke oku kukhokelela xi kunye nokwanda okukhulu okuba breakage.

kungangabikho

Njengokuba sele sitshilo, iziphene welds noqhagamshelo iyingozi kakhulu. Asinto Kunzima ukuba nomfanekiso oko kwakuza kwenzeka ukuba baya kuba iinkcukacha, ekujongwe ukuba kuqatyeliswa, umzekelo, xa isakhiwo inkxaso bridge kaloliwe. Bona ezinobungozi kwimeko ukuwelda inxalenye insimbi, ukuba esebenza phantsi kweemeko utshintsho obushushu rhoqo.

Eyona esiyingozi kungangabikho, njengokuba wemvelo "ibhetri" ombane, nto leyo eza buzinze ndawo weld olubuthathaka kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, ukunciphisa kakhulu icandelo Working kwakunye nefuthe elibi kakhulu kwi amandla zo xhulumaniso.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi zinto zingalunganga yangaphandle in welds kwiimeko ezininzi akukho alungiswe. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-metal (idla) baya kuba umtshato esezantsi-profile, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekubeni nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.

Njengoko kukho undercuts?

Esona sizathu kukuba bembonisa current kakhulu. Basenze kunye arc elide, le nto inika phantse ikhulu ekhulwini yindlela kwazo. Ngaphezu koko, kwezinye iimeko, undercuts kwenzeka xa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ukubana ubushushu umthombo ngaphezu komhlaba metal.

Ukuba uyilo nangona kubalulekile nje kancinane, nkqu iziphene incinane welds kunye nemixube yolu hlobo abangamkelekiyo ngokupheleleyo. Ilungisa ukuba usebenzisa i welding ecocekileyo obhityileyo umthungo. Ukuba kukho loo iinkcukacha kungenzeka kubhetele ukubuyisela ngokupheleleyo (qaphela ukuba Amazwi wokugqibela usebenza kuzo zonke iziphene).

metal Lots engaphekisiswanga

Ukuba isikhululo eso ise ekunene Ebubanzini ingenamthungo, oko kuyingozi kakhulu. Okokuqala, kukho isiphako enjalo ungasebenzisa kuphela isiphako. Okwesibini, kukho kwakhona lokwandisa i ntshikilelo zendalo yesinyithi. Ngokudibene sasiphikisana isakhiwo nge welding, konke oku kukhokelela umngcipheko iinkcukacha ukusilela kwexesha. Ngakumbi rhoqo ezinjalo iziphene lwangaphakathi welds kuvela kwimeko ngokusebenzisa intsimbi exutyiweyo kunye nezixhobo iwelding amahlwempu.

Porosity (nokuba indawo yayo) kabukhali kunciphisa iipropati amandla amaxabiso engamkelekanga, kukhokelela 'delamination "ye intsimbi, ngamanye umonakalo lwesakhiwo yaso yendalo. Iinkcukacha nkqu porosity ephantsi amaxesha amaninzi kakhulu okuba ukwaphula phantsi komthwalo nokuba ekuqaleni ukusebenza. Ukuba pores iigesi isiphoso ukuba nje abanalo ixesha lirhoxe umaleko etyhidiweyo.

Njengazo zonke iintlobo yeziphene weld, ukuba kuvela rhoqo kakhulu kwimeko esezantsi-ezikumgangatho electrode ekrwada. Kudla ukuba porosity kuvela ngenxa yokuba ezinye ubumdaka xa uvikele igesi. Njengokuba kunjalo engaphambili, olu hlobo onesiphene kwakhona kwenzeka ngesantya esiphezulu ngokugqithiseleyo welding xa corny phula ingqibelelo irhasi olukhuselayo "bath".

inclusions SLAG

Inclusions of zeBlack konakalisa kakhulu ukufana lwesakhiwo sentsimbi. Unobangela ezaziwa ukubunjwa - lokucheba ngabom umgangatho edibeneyo ukusuka namhlwa kunye nobungakanani iintsalela. Amathuba kwazo usoloko kiswano kunye kunciphiso iwelding umaleko zegesi zokuzikhusela. ithuba Onge ngeenxa zonke imilo imele akukho ngozi, iimveliso kubo ihambe iOTC.

Qaphela ukuba ukuba asetyenziswe ukuwelda i electrode Tungsten, iinkcukacha ukuze bafumanise ukuba amasuntswana yesinyithi. amaqondo ingozi - njengakwimeko yangaphambili (oko kukuthi, ukuba iziphene ngokuvunywe welds ..).

ukuqhekeka

Kukho ezinqamlezayo kwaye longitudinal ukwandisa zombini ukuya umthungo kunye nentsimbi kunye okanye kufutshane nayo. Iyingozi kakhulu ngenxa yokuba kwezinye iimeko, ukunciphisa amandla yokugaya imveliso kunye nongcangcazelo ukuya phantse zero. Kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu zezinto eziza nge welding, nditshaye unako zombini ukugcina indawo yayo yoqobo ize yandele yonke ubude workpiece ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu.

Akumangalisi ke, nguwo lo iziphene ezininzi eyingozi welds. Umgangatho kwiimeko ezininzi ezifuna ukulahlwa nangoko amasebe, nokuba ukusebenzisa ojoliswe (ngaphandle izinto ezingabalulekanga ngokupheleleyo).

Non-ukufana le beentanda

Ngoko ke wabiza ukungangqinelani kakhulu zejometri Ipharamitha unxibelelwano ezifunekayo kwimimiselo iimpawu. Ngamafutshane, ukuba welding i "inyoka", obliquely njalo. N., Iza nje uhlobo efanayo isiphako.

Kaninzi ke kuvela umsebenzi abatyhidi ongenamava, kwakunye ngenxa yokwanda kakhulu, ziziphene nikhawuleze banal. Eyingozi kule isiphene elidla kudityaniswe engaphekisiswanga, nto leyo esele kuyingozi kakhulu. Ukuba ukutenxa kumgca yezihlunu ye-compound mncinci kakhulu kwaye akubangeli ukuncipha kwamandla imveliso, icandelo okubhala ukusebenza.

Kulo mzekelo, hlala ukhumbula enye into elula: i ezincane engile inguqu ukusuka kwisiseko metal umaleko ukuya ingqiqo yokulwela inguqu, boyiswa amandla yokugaya imveliso welding. Kakade ke, xa kusenziwa ezinye izakhiwo yasekhaya (isakhelo greenhouse, umzekelo) kwiimeko undervoltage ukwenza ngaphandle seams olungalinganiyo nje ngqiqweni. Noko ke, kulo mzekelo, musa kumela nawuphi na umngcipheko ethile.

izisombululo Basic, bug fixes

Nje oku kulandelayo: kwiimeko ezininzi, inkqubo ukuphelisa zingalunganga ingxoxo welds akwenzi ngqiqo, njengokuba kwi iOTC ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ngokungqongqo zonke iimveliso kunye ukungachani nje emtshatweni. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha nyhani kunjalo ukuba isiphako embi kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yokuba lupheliswe. Indlela ukukwenza oko?

Kwimeko sika umphezulu wabonakalisa kunye nesakhiwo intsimbi (plasma-arc welding), acoca ngenyameko indawo uqhagamshelwano aluphumelelanga, uze uzame. Ukuba kukho iziphene yangaphandle zincinane welds (iikhompawundi ezimagqagala emhadini nzulu), ukuba unako ngokulula sanded. Kakade ke, oko akuthethi uzibandakanye kwaye uthabathe metal umaleko kakhulu.

Isaziso ebaluleke

Xa kufikwa iimveliso insimbi, nenokuthi maxa wambi ichaphazeleke unyango ubushushu imbopheleleko, lona uqeqesho ziintsilelo welds kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela (!) Emva kokuba iholide kuluhlu lobushushu ukusuka 450 ukuya 650 ° C.

Ukulungiswa kwezinye iintlobo

Indlela elula ukulungisa unokukhawuleza kunye namalunga mechanical ezimagqagala. Kulo mzekelo, okuhlangana nje icocwe (njengoko senditshilo). sesitshilo ngasentla malunga fixes undercuts, kodwa kwakhona siphawula - anjalo iziphene iinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo ngakumbi ukuba nangoko zabulawa kuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunokuba yingozi!

Ukuba unayo zokutsha-nge (nto leyo nje eqhelekileyo), nokuphelisa yeziphene weld bachitha kakhulu ilula: kuqala, njengoko kumphezulu ukuba zalungisa, ze ke ubilise kwakhona. Malunga ke wenjenjalo yimingxuma.

iimeko ezisisiseko "umhombiso"

Xa kubulawe iziphene kufuneka ihambelane neemeko ezithile zobugcisa. Okokuqala, kufuneka ulandele umthetho olula: ubude isabelo sinesiphene emayithelekiswe ububanzi bayo dibanisa 10-20 mm kufuneka kusala "kwenzeka nje".

Okubalulekileyo! Ububanzi umthungo welding emva re provarkoy kufuneka ingadluli ubukhulu bayo phambi kokuba uqale umsebenzi. Musa ubuvila ukulungisa iziphene kakuhle kumphezulu uzilungiselele. Okokuqala, singabi zeBlack angangeni amaqhekeza yesinyithi. Ukongeza, lo mlinganiselo ongenabubi kuya kunceda ukukhawulezisa umsebenzi nokunyusa umgangatho neziphumo zayo.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukulungiselela iisampula zokuphinda fa isakhiwo sebali. Ukuba usebenzisa LBM ( "Bulgarian"), kungcono ukuthatha drive ye ubukhulu sincinane. Ubuso icala isampuli kufuneka benze kangangoko kunokwenzeka agudileyo, ngaphandle Isipha okanye ezinye iindawo aphumele ngexesha lenkqubo iwelding ongaya kuyo yonke zeBlack efanayo.

Xa kuziwa iikhompawundi-aluminiyamu, titanium, kunye aluminium lwezi methali, lo mbandela ukusondela ngakumbi ngenkathalo. Okokuqala, ngokunxulumene iziphene kulo mzekelo lungasetyenziswa kuphela (!) Iindlela Mechanical, ukusetyenziswa arc welding ayivumelekanga. Eyona ekukhethwa ukuba wamgawula icandelo umonakalo, ukuwuhlamba kwakhona asile-umthungo.

A kwinqaku bug fixes

Iindawo yalungiswa - re-agaye iikhompawundi kufuneka kwakhona ukulandela inkqubo iOTC. Ukuba unesiphene omnye okanye enye iqondo ukhuseleko, kuyenzeka ukuba uzame ukulungisa kwakhona. Okubalulekileyo! Isixa yokuqeqesha ixhomekeke grade zentsimbi kunye neempawu ze-mveliso, kodwa phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo awukwazi aliphinde umsebenzi amaxesha ngaphezulu amabini okanye amathathu, njengokuba kungenjalo kukho ukuhla elibukhali zokuhlola amandla iinkcukacha.

Ngoko siye saxubusha iintlobo ezisisiseko iziphene weld.