Invective - intetho athukayo abhekiswe umntu othile

Invectives - kukuthi, xa parlance mihla, PR emnyama. Kwaye igama elithi, weza evela kumaxesha amandulo nokuzibonakalisa owayephila ukumela isenzo ejolise zimbi umfanekiso into ethile.

Izithethantonye

Indawo yakade ibinzana waseRoma invectiva oratio aze aguqulele kwisiLatini njenge "Branagh kuyo." Balahlwa abantu omnye komnye ukususela ekuqaleni yonxibelelwano ngomlomo. Ngoko ke, lo gama a lot of ntonye. Invective - kwiphetshana, lampoon, philippic, diatribe kunye uvuthondaba Menippean. Ezi ntonye kakhulu, beza ukususela kumaxesha amandulo xa kunokwenzeka ukwaphula umsebenzi umntu yaye ubomi, ebiza esidlangalaleni imigqakhwe. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, abantu bafanelwe iintetho abanomsindo, njengoko bathi, isikhumba uba mkhulu. Ukuze knock nabamangaleli bakhe intetho baba ubangel ngakumbi nangakumbi ngokukhululekileyo. Kwaye ngexesha lethu, abanye bathi invectives - nto areal, befunga okanye ulwimi intlonti. Ngokufutshane, isigama invective okanye izityholo esidlangalaleni. Ngawaphi amagama kusengenziwa kubizwa kwesi senzo? Suit ahlasele kunye ukuhlasela, yaye "ehlasela". Kukho igama esimnandi kakubi yemarike - ngomlomo (ngomlomo) uhlaselo. Oko kukuthi amagama yohlobo olunye kuko.

Zibonisa yendalo ayimfuneko njengoko elulwimi

Amanye amaphepha abonisa ukuba umsebenzi injective kolwimi ngokwemvelo, nokuba umntu ongumnini intetho, ngaba ilungelo efanayo kuqhagamshelwano, ukwamkela kunye nokudlulisela ulwazi. Oko kukuthi, umntu Iyakwazi ukuba bathethe, ukuthetha, ukufunda nokufundisa yaye kwangaxeshanye bafunde ukuba badumise okanye bandigxekayo nabani. Kodwa ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba kwinguqulelo boncwadi ekuqaleni kwakuthetha ukuba invective - kodwa nangoku hayi ulwimi ezingcolileyo, kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo lweencwadana. Baya ubuncinane kufuneka nehlekisayo. Uvuthondaba, ukuhleka ebangela - isixhobo eyoyikekayo, olusebenzayo ngaphezu nokudelelwa. A pamphlet - a uhlobo uncwadi, kunye invective neentlobo zakhe nalo olo. Umahluko phakathi kwabo amanga neqiniso ukuba umsebenzi zobugcisa journalistic, iphamflethi ekuthiwa, kuyinto enye yezopolitiko, njengoko phantse lonke ujoliswe kule nkqubo okanye nayiphi na emacaleni aso, kwaye invective, njengoko umgaqo - isenzeko ucwangco zabucala. Ukuze yeyethu ntoni uhlobo, nokuba yintoni na iintlobo zoncwadi?

Uhlobo olufanayo uncwadi lohlobo

Ukususela iincwadi zesikolo ukuba kukho qheke ngokwembali izinzile zonke iintlobo imisebenzi uncwadi, yaye ubizwa ukusuka. Iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili: ibonwe, lyric, kunye nedrama - zihlukaniswe ntlobo. Kukho iintlobo lyric-luzayo, ezifana, ngokomzekelo, inoveli kwivesi. Invective efanayo njengoko epigram ubhekisela lyrics. Ukuze kube kwakhona zichongwe lo ode kunye Madrigal. Oko kukuthi, indumiso nonyeliso, zahluke ngengqiqo neentlobo orientation ngamalungu okufanayo uhlobo loncwadi. Ke, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, le invective kulo akuwedwa. E yothula, umzekelo, baba hulitelnye imihobe, ebizwa Nida. kakhulu Philippics na diatribe ngumsindo, ezafumana igama layo Demosthenes, ngubani ngomsindo wakukhalimela Macedonian ukumkani Philip II. Igama laziwa. Diatribe, kakhulu, i diatribe, edibanisa sina uhlekisa. uvuthondaba Menippean, luhlobo diatribe - luhlobo emanxebani, equka ingxoxo bulumko kunye parodies. Lampoon (kufutshane PR abamnyama) - oko ngokubanzi into engcolileyo, musa bangafuni ubuqili ubugqwetha, ngendlela engeyiyo, ukunyelisa kunye nokuhlasela ngolunya. Nazi ezinye iintlobo kuluncwadi, ukongeza invective, kufutshane kuye ngoMoya ifomu. Kodwa ezi ntlobo emaXhoseni zisekelwe ngamakhoboka. Ayizi ukubiza nje ngoku, ezinye iingxelo ezichanekileyo ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ekhululekile kakhulu V. philippics V. Zhirinovskogo kunye diatribe. Ezi ntlobo ezininzi ilityalwe njengoko invective, imizekelo, nakuba kunjalo, ngokulula kubangela.

imizekelo eziphawulekayo

"Xa ukufa imbongi," ezivame ukuba abemi bamazwe ico invective ukuba umbongo buchopho M. Yu. Lermontova. It uMikhail Yuryevich, ibhekisela kwibutho eliphezulu, apho wonke umntu bayazana yaye ecacileyo, ndithetha ngayo, ebizwa nababulali A. S. Pushkina ignoramuses derisive, abanokuzityand ngamanyala, inzala bubugwala "eyaziwa ubukrwada oobawo dumeke." umsebenzi ubuchule kwande invective. Kumbongo ngu K. Simonov, invective isiza kumfazi wakhe olwandulela igosa ungasekhoyo. Luzele nje, hola eli kakubi umfazi. Esi sikolo wenza umbongo "Ukuze umsebenzi yethutyana" kf Ryleeva, omnye Decembrists ezintlanu ababexhonyiwe, abhekiswe-onamandla onke ngalo mzuzu Arakche'ev. Uncwadi uyazi ezininzi iingxelo aqatha abantu abathile.

isihloko obangel

Enye dibanisa leswaku a kota ngokuba krwada, emnandi kakhulu. Mhlawumbi yiloo nto-ebizwa ngokuba yena eMoscow iqela lomculo kutheni. "Invective" - iqela wasekwa ngo-2006. liyavela album "Zodiac" kuwonke-wonke ngo-2008. Ngoku ke iinkokheli kweqonga sesikweni kunye kuyanda. Impumelelo ziquka soundtrack ukuba "Nirvana", ngenxa apho Invektiva wabetha Festival ngamasondo ngo-2008. Iqela iqulathe labantu-5. ubuchule wabo zinxulumene enye eweni, kodwa cinga ise ukuqhuba ukuhanjwa lezakhelo isimbo.