Intsholongwane yemasisi. Nemiqondiso, iimpawu kunye neziphumo zale sifo

Kutshanje, oogqirha baye baqala ukucinga kungekudala eya kuba nako ukubabulala yimasisi - yintsholongwane enalo susceptibility ingundoqo, amakhulu eminyaka ukuba bhubhane kwaye unobangela wokufa kwabantwana abaselula. I-World Health Organization iye yakwazi ukunciphisa ukufa kwesi sifo amaxesha amabini yaye ecwangcisiweyo 2020 ukuya ecaleni ngokupheleleyo ingozi yosulelo kwimimandla eziliqela bawuthobele.

Kodwa abantu baza ukukhangela iindlela ezilula. fashion kuxhaphakile ukuba oomama abatsha ukuba alahle kogonyo, ukukhuthazwa ingozi wengqikelelo yale nkqubo kunye nesimo sengqondo nje Ukungakhathali abazali abatsha ukuze bakhusele abantwana babo, yokunqongophala kwemali xa ugonyo simahla ukususela oorhulumente kumazwe amaninzi - konke oku kusongela impilo kunye nobomi babantwana kunye nabantu abadala ehlabathini lonke.

Yintoni imasisi

Esi sifo kuye kwaziwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Sele ngenkulungwane yesithoba kwasondeza yaqulunqwa inkcazelo eneenkcukacha kwezonyango sifo. Kodwa kude kwinkulungwane yama-20 ebangela imasisi - yintsholongwane okanye neentsholongwane, akukho mntu waziyo. D. Goldberger and A. Anderson ngo-1911 bakwazi ukubonisa ukuba esi sifo sibangelwa yintsholongwane, yaye ngowe-1954, T. D. Enders kunye Peebles bodwa RNA yintsholongwane, leyo yindlela eyodwa sphere ubukhulu 120230 NM kwaye lol usapho paramyxoviruses.

Uyifumana njani

Intsholongwane yemasisi unamalunga nama-100 ekhulwini esosulelayo. Umntu ongenayo omzimba kwi sifo (leyo engakhange ngaphambili zigonywe kwaye hayi uyagula) uye phantse akukho ithuba bungasifumani xa kuthe adibane isigulane.

Usulelo kumntu ogulayo nge-bume wegqitha waya macala onke. EGULAYO kususela kwimihla yokugqibela okuthatha (kwiintsuku ezimbini phambi ukujaduka) kwaye sokunikela iintsuku ezine ezilandelayo ngexesha ukuphefumla, ukukhohlela, uthimla virus (emoyeni) yimasisi. Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa iiseli ngeempumlo kwiinwebu iphecana yokuphefumla kwaye engena kwemithambo yegazi kuchaphazela iindawo nkovu, emithanjeni igazi (iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi). Yabangxamayo ivela njenge ngenxa Ukubuna iiseli capillary. Okulandelayo, ukuphuhlisa syndrome of immunodeficiency zasesekondari, kananjalo iingxaki ingaqhelekanga virus.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba arhente intsholongwane yemasisi awukwazi ukuphila ixesha elide emoyeni evulekileyo, izinto kunye neempahla. Nangona kukho iimeko losuleleko zibhaliswe inkqubo yokungena. It uyafa lobushushu okukufutshane kwi-avareji emva kweeyure ezimbini nemizuzu engamashumi amathathu, ulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo ukukwazi ukungena. Ngephanyazo intsholongwane abulawe xa baboniswa UV kwimitha kunye namaqondo aphezulu. Ngoko ke, ebudeni ubhubhane akukho mfuneko yokuba intsholongwane le ndawo.

Ngubani na, futhi xa

Amaxhoba eziphambili nemasisi abantwana abancinane abaphakathi kweminyaka kwiminyaka emibini anantlanu. Kwakhona ngokuya filing amatyala abafikisayo abaminyaka yobudala eyi-15-17.

Abantu abadala abosulelwe kunye nemasisi anqabe kakhulu. Kodwa mhlawumbi, oku kungenxa yokuba ebudaleni badla sele unayo omzimba ukusuka ugonyo okanye zizigulo elidlulileyo.

Re abagulayo yimasisi akunakwenzeka. iimeko Ingxelo oya kuthathwa njengomntu ukuxilongwa eziphosakeleyo kwi sifo okokuqala okanye ukwaphulwa komGaqo-kumajoni omzimba womntu.

ERashiya, elona nani likhulu lamatyala waphawula entwasahlobo kunye nobusika, ekupheleni Novemba ukuya kutsho ngoMeyi, kwizithuba ezimbini ukuya kwiminyaka emine.

Ngaba umntwana ogulayo

Kubelekwa ngexesha kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala lomphefumlo okukwazi luhleli aye abolekwe kunina, ukuba wayesele ebegula ngaphambili. Omzimba kubantwana oomama zayo alunayo kwaye awufunyaniswanga isitofu sokugonya, kukho, kwaye bayagula. Kwakhona ezinokosulela umntwana ongcono ngexesha lokubeleka ngexesha yokugula unina wakhe.

okuthatha

Kanye izifo ezininzi, ixesha bafukanywe emzimbeni kunye armature. Le ntsholongwane akuthethi ukuzibonakalisa ngaphandle kwiintsuku 7-17. Ngeli xesha, ngokuqala okuthatha imini 3, kuphela uhlalutyo vetshe zifumaneka udakada, tonsils, iindawo nkovu, iiseli boqobo enkulu multinucleated. Abonakalisa iimpawu ngaphandle kuphela emva kokuba enomfanekiso kwentsholongwane kwiindawo nkovu kunye nokufumana ibe egazini.

intsholongwane yemasisi: Iimpawu

• lobushushu ebukhali kunyuka ukuya 38-40,5 degree;
• ukhohlokhohlo owomileyo;
• photophobia;
• intloko ebuhlungu;
• siplost okanye hoarseness yelizwi;
• ukwazi kakuhle, tremens;
• yokuphazamiseka imikhuba yangasese;
• nokudumba mucosal ye phecana sokuphefumla;
• Iimpawu conjunctivitis: iindumbisa iinkophe, anozizi ngeenxa amehlo;
• ukubonakala amabala abomvu emlonyeni - phezu inkalakahla, umphezulu engaphakathi ezidleleni;
• ngosuku lwesibini esi sifo isifo ngomlomo kuvela amatshatshazi ezincinane ezimhlophe;
• irhashalala kakhulu kuvela ngomhla wesine okanye sesihlanu, iimpawu inkangeleko yakhe phezu kobuso kunye nentamo, emva iindlebe, ngoko umzimba kwaye egobile iingalo, imilenze, iminwe, amasundu neenyawo.

Imasisi ukungxama - a papules ezizodwa ejikelezwe yi ndawo nokuba notyekelo ukuzimanyanisa (nto leyo eyenza ukusuka rubella, apho ukujaduka ayina impahla ukuhlangana). Emva kokuba Ngosuku lwesine yabangxamayo, xa intsholongwane woyisiwe, yabangxamayo ngokuthe ibulale: mnyama, ulwehlo, luqala amaxolo off. iindawo Hyperpigmented kunye nerhashalala liya kuhlala omnye kwiiveki 1-2.

Imasisi kubantwana

Enye izifo yobuntwana eziqheleke kakhulu yingozi - imasisi uba. Le ntsholongwane amaninzi kuchaphazela abantwana kokuya esikolweni nokuba ubudala ngexesha esikolweni.

Phambi eRashiya saseka imveliso zokugonya kunye waqalisa nokuthintela inkqubo simahla yale ntsholongwane kunye nezigulo yayo wafa ngokomlinganiselo omnye kubantwana abane. Namhlanje, imigomo bonke abantwana abasempilweni noko unyaka omnye iminyaka emithandathu (ngokocwangciso yesizwe yogonyo). Ukuba umntwana zigonywe, umngcipheko wokungenwa kwi kuqubisana inaso usulelo ifikelela nekhulu ekhulwini. Milisela abantwana mhlawumbi musa ukuba ugula, okanye ubunzima izifo ngokulula kakhulu.

Bafukanywe Ixesha umntu umntwana abosulelekileyo inokwahluka kwaye nge-avareji ukusukela kwiintsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-15. Ngeli xesha, akukho iimpawu zesi sifo akakho, kodwa kwiintsuku ezimbini phambi kokuba nokubonakaliswa bezonyango umntwana lowo uya kuba siyasulela kwabanye.

Amaninzi, abantwana bagula kakhulu. Okokuqala, kukho iimpawu eqhelekileyo izifo ezihlasela zosulele viral ngokuphefumla (ari):

• lobushushu 38-40 degrees;
• ukhohlokhohlo owomileyo ezinamandla;
• iimpumlo ezivuzayo;
• yobuthathaka;
• ukungabi namdla;
• iphupha embi.

isifo imini-3-5 siqala ukuvela irhashalala - pink encinane, ukuhlanganisa ulwazi kunye nezinye kukuzo nganye. Xa abantwana, oko kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye isasazeka wonke umzimba. Ngelo xesha ukujaduka livela, iqondo lobushushu emva ekuphuculweni ebonakala ebonakalayo ukuze uqale avuke.

Xa abantwana iminyaka emibini ukuya emihlanu, yimasisi kuyingozi kakhulu. omzimba womntwana elisakhulayo xa ngokucotha ukumelana nale ntsholongwane, nangenxa izifo kunye bacteria bagcina iingxaki:

• izifo indlebe;
• inyumoniya;
• ukungaboni;
• kobuchopho;
• ukukrala enamandla nodes nkovu;
• laryngitis.

Kungenxa yezi iingxaki ke ngoko kubalulekile ukubonisa umntwana kwagqirha ngexesha kwaye ukulawula esi sifo. Iingxaki badla ngokuqala ukuvela emva elithile emva kokuba umntwana uye ulungiso.

Imasisi abadala

Imasisi abadala - isifo esinqabileyo. Kodwa ke ukuba umntu sele bosulelekile, akazange siphephe iingxaki. Abantu abadala abagulayo emva kweminyaka engama-20 nzima ixesha elide. Isigaba zale sifo unokuthatha iiveki ezimbini. Isikakhulu sifo ebangela ezahlukeneyo iingxaki, kwakunye namathuba ephezulu yosulelo ezongezelelweyo amagciwane.

Iintlobo iingxaki kubantu abadala:

• pneumonia;
• Imasisi pneumonia;
• media otitis;
• tracheobronchitis;
• ukuphazamiseka kwinkqubo luvo;
• laryngitis;
• okuziinkozo (laryngeal stenosis);
• hepatitis;
• lymphadenitis (ukudumba iindawo nkovu);
• ukudumba meninges - meningoencephalitis (40% kuzo isifo esibulalayo).

Ngenxa yoko, siyaqonda ukuba intsholongwane yemasisi leyo, njengokuba Kukholelwa, kuyingozi kuphela abantwana, kunokubangela izifo kakhulu kubantu abadala kwaye kungakhokelela ekubeni ukukhubazeka okanye ukufa.

Nemasisi ukukhulelwa

Asinto kunzima ukuthelekelela ukuba isifo kubangela iingxaki ezininzi kangaka akukho lula kungena abafazi abakhulelweyo. Kodwa amava enkulu umama okhulelweyo ithuba iingxaki usana. Kwaye akulambathanga.

Imasisi le ngakumbi kuyingozi ndingekazalwa, inowuthi yobudala sokukhulelwa. Xa ezintathu lokuqala amabhinqa kusenokwenzeka zizifo ukuba kwenzeke-20% of kwesisu zidityaniswe, okanye okubi, isifo kuya kukhokelela malformation kakhulu ezingekazalwa (ukukhubazeka engqondweni, luvo, njl ..). Ngelishwa, ukuba ukujonga iziphene ultrasound ekuqaleni foetal kwaye nkqu kwi uvavanyo lokuqala nje akunakwenzeka, nabafazi badla anikele isisu.

Ukuba umfazi okhulelweyo wagula emva kweveki elinesithandathu, i-ALS kuyathuthuzela kakhulu ngakumbi. Kweli ngumkhaya gama sele izimele ngokwaneleyo ukukhusela ngokupheleleyo kwimveku kugula sikanina, ngoko ke amathuba okuba neengxaki umntwana ongekazalwa iphantsi kakhulu.

Le ngozi ibonakala kwakhona, ukuba uMama wagula nje phambi kokuzalwa. Asikuko kuphela ukuba ukuzala iya kuba nje amandla ngokwaneleyo ngenxa yintsholongwane, kunye nengozi kusulela usana ngexesha nokuwela emjelweni ukuzalwa liphezulu kakhulu. Kakade ke, ngoku oogqirha zonke indlela ukusindisa ubomi zosana; yokurhaxwa, kunye nemithi esinamandla. Kwaye mhlawumbi, umntwana lowo uya kuba nako ukunyanga. Kodwa kutheni ukuthatha umngcipheko xa kukho indlela akhusele umntwana wakhe kwangethuba? Zihlolelwe antibodies intsholongwane yemasisi kuyimfuneko umfazi nganye phambi kokuba isicwangciso ukukhulelwa. Ngapha koko, ukuba ngoku kukukhathalela impilo yakho uze ufumane ukugonyelwa kwangethuba, kungenzeka ukuba bagule ngexesha lokukhulelwa akuyi kuba lula.

iindlela isifo

Amaninzi, uxilongo isekelwe kwidatha zonyango emva kokuvela imasisi kwamaqhakuvana isici. Kodwa ke umthamo zaselebhu ukuxilonga ekuqaleni (okanye uqinisekise), ukujonga apho intsholongwane yemasisi. Microbiology ivumela ekwanti egazini, yencindi, umlomo kunye nempumlo, iiseli intsholongwane umchamo ngosuku lokuqala sifo (phambi ukubonakala yabangxamayo), kwaye nkqu ekupheleni kwethuba elisuke. Ngemicroscope ekhethekileyo kungathathwa boqobo ezikhanyayo, kunye inclusions, iiseli ezinkulu elimbhoxo.

Ukongeza, isigulane unokunikwa:

• urinalysis kunye negazi ukwenzela ukuthintela usulelo ezongezelelweyo yintsholongwane kunye nezigulo;
• test igazi ezithile ukuze efumanise omzimba (uhlalutyo serological yomkhuhlane i-IgG nemasisi virus);
• esifubeni X-reyi okanye isifuba X-reyi kwiimeko zophuhliso ekucingelwa yimasisi pneumonia.

Kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi lokufunyaniswa kwesifo ingabangeli iingxaki zonyango yaye akukho ukuqeshwa wohlalutyo ezongezelelweyo.

Indlela ukujonga umgangatho IgG antibodies intsholongwane yemasisi

Emva Ngokudibana isigulane yimasisi umntu ngamnye uqala ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba bomiliselwa yena, okanye mhlawumbi abagulayo njengomntwana. Kwaye ukuba ngabomi; amkhumbula ngexesha wabethelela umntwana wakhe? ngaba Ndizifumana njani na? Kukho kwakhona umngcipheko ukuba isitofu kwakugcinwa ngokuchanekileyo, aze emva koko intsholongwane gentle ukuba sife phambi kokuba eyaziswa emzimbeni.

Ngoku yonke laboratory linokuyiqhuba uhlalutyo kwi antibodies yimasisi virus (IgG). Le ndlela ivumela ekhulwini ezilikhulu Qinisekisa ukuba umntu omzimba ukuya sifo.

unyango

engqamene intsholongwane yemasisi akakho. Njengazo zonke izifo wentsholongwane egazini, ugqirha uza kuqhuba unyango kwangumqondiso, nokuphelisa kwaye uthintele umngcipheko iingxaki. Ngokuqhelekileyo emiselweyo:

• iziyobisi ukunciphisa ubushushu kunye oluthile ekhulula, iintlungu, umkhuhlane ( "ibuprofen" "paracetamol");
• isipreyi nxamnye nangokurhala, gargling kunye chamomile, "chlorhexidine";
• mucolytics kunye expectorants ukhohlokhohlo owomileyo;
• kuba iimpawu ze nokuthimliswa nokucutha umngcipheko uphuhliso otitis - amachaphaza vasoconstrictive impumlo (iintsuku ezi-5) kunye ngokuhlamba anetyuwa;
• okudambisa ukuluma kunye ukurhawuzelela nokuphololoza emiselweyo ngamanzi "Dilaksinom";
• kuba unyango lwe conjunctivitis - "Albucidum" yaye "Chloramphenicol";
• ukunciphisa ingozi blindness, izigulana kucetyiswa ngexesha lonke ixesha esi sifo ukuba vitamin A;
• kwimeko yinyumoniya amisele antibiotics.

Isilumkiso! Xa unyango nemasisi nayiphi na imeko ayikwazi ingasetyenziswa "aspirin", ingakumbi unyango abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-16. Oku kukhokelela kuphuhliso Reye engqondweni - Encephalopathy hepatic.

ukuvimbela

Xa bebudala bungaphantsi konyaka omnye, bonke abantwana simahla gonyo nxamnye nezifo ebantwaneni kakhulu eziyingozi ezintathu (imasisi, rubella, mumps). Revaccination ezi zifo lwenziwa eneminyaka engama 5-6 ubudala, phambi esikolweni. Oogqirha bathi ukuba sogonyo ukunyamezeleka kakuhle abantwana, kokukhona benza oko kuphela abantwana esempilweni, ngoko umngcipheko wokungenwa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga sakugcina.

Wonke lula ukuqinisekisa ukuba isitofu wasebenza. Ukuze wenze oku, emva kwexesha elithile emva kokuba isitofu Kwathi uvavanyo okhethekileyo. Omzimba alwa ntsholongwane yemasisi ezikhoyo kwimeko apho olwakheka omzimba emva kogonyo.