Ingeniso Universal olungenamiqathango kumazwe EU neRashiya

imali olungenamiqathango luhlobo kwinkqubo yokhuseleko loluntu, apho bonke abemi kunye nabahlali lizwe kufumana rhoqo ethile mali evela kurhulumente okanye nawuphi na umbutho kawonke ukongeza amathuba umholo. Ukuba kunjalo sizifumana ngaphantsi kwe inqanaba sokutya ubuncinane, loo nto ithathwa buso. imali kwiimeko zithile ngoyena ndoqo iimodeli ezininzi socialism emarikeni. concept bokholo umi filipp Van Parijs, Eylsa Makkey, uAndré Gorz, Gillel Shtayner, uPetros Vallentyne kunye Guy eMileyo.

iingcambu zembali

Ingxoxo malunga imfuneko yokuba kuqaliswe yengeniso jikelele olungenamiqathango yaqala eYurophu kwi 1970-1980 kaThixo. Yaba ngokuyinxenye le mpikiswano eUnited States naseKhanada. ngcembe umba waqala ukuba kuxoxwe ngazo zonke kumazwe aphuhlileyo, Latin America, kuMbindi Mpuma nkqu namazwe athile e-Afrika nase Asia. Alaska asisigxina Fund igqalwa omnye weyona mizekelo ilungileyo intlawulo ngokungagungqiyo yengeniso, nakuba buso. iinkqubo ezifanayo ukhuseleko loluntu ezikhoyo eBrazil, Macau ne Iran. iiprojekthi Basic ingeniso zokulinga zaye zaphunyezwa eUnited States naseKhanada kwi-1960 kunye 1970, Namibia (2008) kwaye India (ukususela ngo-2010). EYurophu, kukho izisombululo ezopolitiko ukuzama ukuphumeza kuzo eFransi, eNetherlands eFinland. Ngowe-2016 e-Switzerland yabamba ngodaba umba, kodwa 77% yabantu vo malunga nokuqaliswa kwe ingeniso olungenamiqathango.

imithombo ngezimali

Xa Milton Friedman kunye nezinye iingcali zoqoqosho yaphakanyiswa irhafu yengeniso ezimbi, kwakukholelwa ukuba inkqubo umlinganiselo kungakuthoba uyilandela kwaye ekugqibeleni kukhokelela ukuvela kwengeniso aqinisekisiwe wonke umhlali. Abaxhasi lo mba yaye yaxhasa "green", ezinye wobusoshiyali, feminists wabiza njalo-party Pirate. Abameli kwizikolo ezahlukeneyo zoqoqosho wacela ukuba ngemali le projekthi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Socialist babekholelwa ukuba ukuqinisekisa ingeniso jikelele olungenamiqathango ngokuthi kubekho ubunini loluntu iindlela zemveliso kunye nezibonelelo zendalo. "Imithetho", umzekelo, Friedman wayekholelwa ukuba kufuneka nje ukuba ufake inkqubo yerhafu umlinganiselo. Green wanikela ngendlela yakhe. Bakholelwa ukuba ingeniso olungenamiqathango bathengwa ngeendleko irhafu kokusingqongileyo. Phakathi kweminye imithombo yengeniso olungumangaliso bonke nto kubizwa ngokuba inkqubo okuqhubekayo VAT, kunye nohlaziyo emali.

iinkqubo pilot

Owona mzekelo ngempumelelo into yokuba ubuncinane ingeniso olungagqibelelanga olungenamiqathango ingangeniswa, le Alaska Esihlala Fund. Ngokufanayo isebenza inkqubo Bolsa Familia iintsapho amahlwempu eBrazil. Ezinye iinkqubo pilot ziquka:

• Amalinge kweqanda yerhafu yengeniso eUnited States naseKhanada kwi-1960 kunye 1970.
• Le projekthi e Namibia eyaqala ngo-2008.
• Linga eBrazil ukusukela ngo-2008.
• Iprojekthi Indiya, eyaqala ngo-2011.
• Nika ngqo inyathelo eKenya Uganda. Oku kubandakanya ukuthumela uncedo wesisa nge mobile phones kubantu abangamahlwempu.
• Uphando kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni of North Carolina eUnited States.

E eJamani, le projekthi ababandakanyekayo abantu 26, nganye apho urhulumente uhlawula 1,000 euro ngenyanga nganye. Ukususela ngonyaka wama-2017 ukuya kowama-2019 ngamnye abemi Finland nayo iya kuhlawulwa isixa esithile semali njengenxalenye nokuhlola.

Bulgaria

Ekupheleni kukaMatshi 2013 Fund I-Blue Bird Foundation lwafunda 'inyathelo abemmi yaseYurophu ingeniso olungenamiqathango "yaye yagqiba ukuba lilungu phulo. Tony Badzhdarov ecetywayo imodeli ebanzi Bulgaria. Umthombo mali kuba kufuneka kube lwemali lobunganga, ukubuya VAT yempahla umsebenzi. Eli qela udale kwindawo yayo kunye namaphepha kwi social networks. Eli phulo sapapashwa kunomathotholo esizwe kaRhulumente kunye engaphantsi. Fund ikwazile ukufumana inkxaso lemibutho emininzi kunye nemibutho yabasebenzi. Initiative kwi yokuvota online inkxaso inani imbali yabantu. NgoDisemba 2014 kwakukho iqela lokuqala lezopolitiko, kuquka nokuqaliswa ingeniso olungenamiqathango kwinkqubo yayo. Libizwa ngokuba "Union Bulgarian ukuba idemokhrasi ngqo" nokulwa ukuba ilungelo lomntu ngamnye kubomi enesidima.

United Kingdom

Kwi-UK, ingeniso olungenamiqathango esisiseko ukuba wonke ummi - kuye isihloko sengxoxo elide. Kuba uye wenza Dennis Milner kwi 1920. Namhlanje, inkoliso amaqela ezopolitiko okanye United Kingdom musa cinga le mbono, okanye bachasane. Nangona kunjalo, kukho sisetyenziswe ingeniso olungenamiqathango. "Scottish National Party" kwinkomfa entwasahlobo ka-2016 wabiza xa kumiselwa inkqubo ekhoyo ukhuseleko loluntu. "Kuba" zenziwa kunye nabanye amaqela ezopolitiko. Phakathi kwazo kukho "green", le wobusoshiyali Scottish yaye "Pirates 'le-United Kingdom. NgoFebruwari 2016 Dzhon Makdonnell wathi ukusungulwa yengeniso esisiseko kuthathwa i-Labour Party.

Germany

Germany kwakhona ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-1980, cinga ukuba angenise ngayo ingeniso olungenamiqathango. Germany kutshanje nje iqalile ukuphumeza le projekthi, apho abantu 26 inxaxheba. Kule minyaka ukulungiselela ukuqaliswa kwe ingeniso olungenamiqathango kweli lizwe kuphela iinzululwazi ezimbalwa, ezifana Claus nye. Noko ke, emva kokuba utshintsho olucetywayo yi yikhabhinethi Gerharda Shredera ngomnyaka 2003-2005, eJamani kukho abaxhasi abangakumbi kolu luvo. Kwintlanganiso 2009th yePalamente wenze Suzanne Vayst - engaphangeliyo, uxwebhu lwezikhalazo leyo wazuza 52973 iivoti. Ngo-2010, iJamani wadlula imiboniso ezimbalwa ingeniso epheleleyo, ezona - eBerlin. Ukususela ngo-2011 i "ukuba" ekuqaleni isenzo, "Pirate Party". amalungu ngamanye amanye amaqela ezopolitiko kwakhona inkxaso ingqikelelo yengeniso olungenamiqathango.

Netherlands

ingeniso kwiimeko zithile ngamandla kuphikiswana ukususela ngowe-1970 ukuya 1990. Ekuqaleni, ingxoxo yaqaliswa yi ngezoqoqosho Leo Yansenom ngo-1975. Ukusungulwa ingeniso olungenamiqathango yaqukwa kwi-nkqubo wokhetho Political Radical Party. Kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo, lo mbuzo wavuswa kanye kuphela. Ngo-2006, inkokeli "green" Femke Halsema kuye kwaquka ukuqaliswa ingeniso olungenamiqathango kwinkqubo wokhetho. Isixeko Utrecht, abemi sesine ngobukhulu kweli lizwe, laqalisa iprojekthi elilinge. Noko ke, ingeniso ingundoqo kufuneka ihlawulwe kuphela kumaqela abantu abasele befumana inzuzo. Malunga 30 imizi kungokunje ucinga ukuba kungenzeka na ukuphunyezwa lo msebenzi.

Kwemibandela Finland imali

"Centre", omnye amaqela ezine eziphambili ezopolitiko kweli lizwe, kwakunye "Ekhohlo Alliance" yaye "Green League", wakhetha kwintshayelelo yale mbono. NgoMeyi 2015, unyaka wokuqala urhulumente esigqibeni sokuba liqalise ingeniso olungenamiqathango. Finland iya kuba lilizwe lokuqala apho bonke baya kufumana iminyaka emibini isixa esithile semali ukususela 2017.

France

Imali esisiseko olungenamiqathango ingqalelo njengengqiqo evela 1970. Noko ke, kuphela ngo-2015 kwipalamente wengingqi Aquitaine wavotelwa ukwenziwa kwalo. NgoJanuwari 2016 iqumrhu loluntu thethwano kwimiba digital lapapasha ingxelo apho kucetyiswa ukuba aqhube umfuniselo. Uhlolisiso lubonisa ukuba uninzi lwabantu waba ubabalo yentlawulo ingeniso olungenamiqathango esisiseko kubo bonke abemi.

Switzerland: nokhetho

Imali esisiseko olungenamiqathango kudala kwaxoxwa kweli lizwe. Switzerland ine ngumbutho bien-Switzerland kunye neqela Grundeinkommen, abakuthandayo zokuphumeza lo mbono. Ngowe-2006, ingcali ngezentla- Zhan Zigler ebizwa ingeniso olungenamiqathango eSwitzerland, omnye ngcamango progressive. Ngowe-2008 Daniel Hani kunye enno Schmidt wenza umboniso apho wazama ukucacisa iingenelo ukuphunyezwa kwalo mbono. Kwakubonakala ezingaphezu kwama-400 amawaka abantu. abantu abaninzi Bulelani kuye ngakumbi kwi German- kunye namazwe abathetha isiFrentshi sele abaxhasi ingcamango. Ngo-Apreli 2012, ingeniso epheleleyo eSwitzerland yayingumxholo njengenyathelo ethandwayo mthetho. Campaign bakwazi ukuqokelela kuyimfuneko amakhasi 126.000. A zimvo eSwitzerland kwingeniso olungenamiqathango yabanjwa e-Juni 5, 2016. Ngaphezu kwama-77% of abahlali baye bala ukufumana 2500 franc ngenyanga.

Russia

Abahlali abaninzi Russian wambetha iindaba ukuba Swiss akazange afumane imali nje. Ngoko nangoko wesuka ke umbuzo wokuba ingaba ingeniso epheleleyo eRashiya kunokwenzeka? Phakathi bobubi nkqubo yokhuseleko loluntu yi kuphela ukwanda umthwalo werhafu phezu kwabemi belizwe kunye nokunciphisa lokukhuthazwa emsebenzini, kodwa ke inani elandayo zamanene. Switzerland iye ecetywayo ukuqaliswa ingeniso ngokungagungqiyo franc 2,500, nto malunga nesiqingatha umvuzo. Ukuba usebenzisa le ndlela yokubala iRashiya, apha bekuya kuba malunga 10,000 engange. Ukususela ngoJulayi 1, umvuzo ubuncinane iya kuba 7500 kuphela, iindleko zokuphila sikhulu ezisezantsi. Ngoko ke, kukho abaninzi abafuna ukuba "ndihlale ekhaya". Ngokutsho kweengcali, ukuqaliswa ingeniso olungenamiqathango eRashiya uyakwazi ukukhuthaza nje ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, kuba iintlawulo aziyi ngokwakho kwaye kujoliswe kuzo abantu abasengozini. Noko ke, kukho omnye umbono. Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ukusungulwa ingeniso olungenamiqathango iya kuvumela abantu ukuba benze ntoni na umsebenzi wabo. Kwaye kungaba nefuthe elikhulu sexesha elide. Mhlawumbi abantu baqale ukwenza uphando esisiseko ngakumbi. Kwaye Russia iza kulindela ukuba utshintsho zeteknoloji ekhawulezileyo. Okanye ingeniso olungenamiqathango inokunceda abantu benze umsebenzi okunobuchule. Ngenxa yoko, uyacebiswa ukuba aqhube ulingelo eRashiya ngaphakathi kwiqela isixeko okanye ekujoliswe elinye.

ukugxekwa

IPalamente German, iKomishoni kuxoxwa nokuqaliswa yengeniso jikelele kwemibandela ingqalelo iprojekthi akuwenzi. Kwakubeka phambili kwiimpikiswano zilandelayo:

• Uya kubangela ukuhla okubonakalayo ezixhasayo ukusebenza phakathi abemi abaqhelekileyo, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, akhokele imiphumo engalindelekanga kuqoqosho.
• Kufuneka ugcwalise ngokutsha kweerhafu, ukhuseleko lwentlalo kunye yomhlalaphantsi mali, nto leyo eya kukhokelela ekubeni iindleko ebonakalayo.
• Inkqubo yangoku German iphumelela ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba wena ngakumbi. Isixa aid lingakulungele ngokuqinileyo kwaye kuxhomekeke kwindawo yomntu yezimali. Kuba abathile amaqela abuthathaka ingeniso olungenamiqathango kunokunganeli ukuba baphile.
• Ukuphunyezwa kwale projekthi iza kukhokelela ukuba ngama ebalulekileyo zamanene.
• Yena uya kuqulatha ukwanda koqoqosho kwesithunzi.
• Ukunyuka ehambelana irhafu kuya kukhokelela nokungalingani enkulu ngenxa atsibatsibe ngaphakathi amaxabiso ukutya esisiseko kuya kuyenza mandundu imeko yemali yabantu abahluphekayo.
• Ngoxa e Germany akafunyanelwanga indlela olugqithayo ukuxhasa ukuqaliswa yengeniso jikelele kwemibandela.

Njengoko ubona, Germany kunye namanye amazwe amaninzi, kuquka eRashiya, umbuzo uvuliwe.