Indlela yokukhetha ezona nophahla eziphathekayo ukuze eluphahleni. Iintlobo izinto ezifulelwe ukuba uphahla

Ekusondeleni kwexesha elidlulileyo kwimarike yokwakha uluhlu eliqingqiweyo izinto kuba Uphahla ekhoyo. Wanikwa isileyiti, neemakhishithi zentsimbi kunye kwalenza. Kodwa le meko itshintshe: ngoku umthengi akukho lula ukukhetha nophahla eziphathekayo kuphandla, ngokuba emarikeni kukho ukhuphiswano kakhulu, kwaye uluhlu iye yandiswa kakhulu.

nendlela yokukhetha

uhlobo ngalunye lwezinto uneempawu zawo, elihle okanye elibi izahlule kwabanye. Zophahla Imathiriyeli eluphahleni kwiimeko ezithile zifuna ezahlukeneyo. Indlela yokukhetha wayo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• iimeko zokusebenza (umthwalo ekulindeleke). Ukubala yayo kuthatha ubunzima lwesakhiwo eliseluphahleni, nazo zonke izinto zayo (imiqadi, battens, ubushushu, njalo njalo). Kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimeko zemozulu kummandla, ingakumbi isantya somoya avareji kunye imvula (ubunzima cover ikhephu elo).
• Isisombululo yezakhiwo. uyilo Draft ivumela ukuba ukujonga imilo kophahla, ngokutsho apho izinto efanelekileyo uyonyulwa ukuba uphahla. Umzekelo, ukuba ukhetha ukusebenzisa ithayile yodongwe, umakhi kufuneka ngqo inowuthi kuphahla degrees 30-35. Le meko kuyimfuneko ukubona ukuba izinto elinikiweyo.
• Ithuba yokusebenza, emlilweni ukuxhathisa. Iincwadi uphahla kufuneka zikhethwe kuxhomekeke ngenjongo yokwakha, iimeko zokusebenza. Umzekelo, akukho mfuneko yokusebenzisa izinto zokuxhoma kuphandla, ixabiso apho liphezulu kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwezoqoqosho.

Ayasiqinisekisa ukuba izinto

izinto ezininzi uphahla makafumane ixesha iwaranti, leyo isebenza kuphela xa kunjalo akulungile zobuchwepheshe. Ukuziqhelisa, ixesha labo nokusebenza izihlandlo eziliqela enkulu. Ngaphandle ukulungisa, ukuba imiqathango yenkonzo ilandelayo:

• sheets Bituminous incence - iminyaka 15-25;
• ibhodi asbestos-isamente (isileyiti) - iminyaka 30-40;
• metal - iminyaka ne30-50;
• ithayile soft - iminyaka ne30-50;
• emi uphahla komphetho - ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka engama-50;
• ibhodi incence - ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka engama-50;
• Ithayile zendalo - ukuya kwiminyaka eli-100;
• isileyiti uphahla - iminyaka 150-200.

inani elikhulu kwiimveliso ezifanayo ezivenkileni. Noko ke, asingabo bonke iindidi zezixhobo nophahla ukuba uphahla namandla ngokwaneleyo, iyahlala ukuxhathisa imozulu elungileyo. Yenye bendiqonda ukuxhathisa ngamandla yiqabaka, ubumuncu umoya, umhlwa, radiation elanga. Ukubalwa izinto zokwakha kuphandla na wenziwe ngokuzimeleyo okanye ngokuncedwa ziingcali. Ngokubanzi, indawo yayo bahlulwe indawo eziqalelo ngamnye mbandela. Ngokusekelwe kwi-lwazi ezithathwe, oko zibalwa inani elifunekayo.

tile ceramic

Ilungu iphambili eziphathekayo - ubunzima ngodongwe lokuphathwa eziko ekhethekileyo kubushushu ka-1000 degrees, apho kuba kubomvu-mdaka. Phambi beqhumisa, tile yodongwe zigqunywe nge zokhuselo umboniso apho imvula asuswe ngokuyimpumelelo. Xa imveliso ukunika yokulinganisa, 30 nge-30 cm nobunzima-2 kg ithayile. Le uphahla Imathiriyeli uphahla has zenyathi ezininzi: eziqhelekileyo, ibhanti tyaba, a single-ngumtshangatshangiso, kunye nezinye tile sheave. Kunconywa ithambeka uphahla isicelo sabo - ukususela 25-35 ukuya 60 degrees. Kubalulekile ukujonga ezi zikhokelo zilandelayo:

1. Xa ubona i ngaphantsi kwe-22 degrees kufuneka ukuba benze umsebenzi ekuphuculeni amanzi kunye nobudlova.
2. Xa kwithambeka 22-60 degrees usebenzisa izinto zokubopha ezisemgangathweni.
3. Xa umlinganiselo phezu degrees 60, isetyenziswa njengendawo ngezikhonkwane eqwalasele ezongezelelweyo, izikhonkwane.

izinto ngabanye zezinto zokufunda amaqhina oqhagamshelwano ngokusebenzisa lokutshixa kweenkqubo. Xa furring ithayile eqhotyoshelweyo ngenxa emingxunyeni. Ngoko ke, izinto aphezulu umbandela wayibeka phezu emazantsi, zakha umaleko eqhubekayo, ukuphelisa naziphi na ukuvuza. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, ixesha yayo yokusebenza ngaphandle yokulungisa ukuya kwiminyaka eli-100. Tile esetyenziselwa izindlu zokwakha ngezitena, umthi nelitye nabuphi na ubude. Iindleko square metre nganye, njengokuba umthetho, uvela iidola-25 ukuya ku-50. Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokwakha kuphandla, ixabiso le nto leyo kancinane kakhulu ukuqonda ukuba umgangatho wabo kufanelekile.

Izinto eziluncedo ze tile:

• Iindleko Ubuncinane ngokuhlala ikwimeko entle (ukucoca emfutshane emijelweni, kwakunye nokulungiswa zasekuhlaleni iyenziwa kanye kuphela ngonyaka);
• ingxolo ukufakwa (isandi lemvula phantse Akuvanga);
• ukumelana umhlwa;
• It ngeke nomlilo;
• ukumelana umbethe eliphezulu;
• imibala eyahlukeneyo;
• ubukho micropores, sivumele wophahla 'ukuphefumla ". Bavumela ukufuma ethi phantsi kophahla, ukuba ngumphunga ngokuhamba kwexesha.

nobubi:

• bubunzima obuninzi;
• amandla low;
• ubunzima technical izinto ufakelo kwizakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo.

Cement-Isanti tile

Ngenxa yokuba ithayile yodongwe impela bubunzima obuninzi, wafumana indawo, nto leyo yaba tile isamente-isanti. Bekuya lula kakhulu yoyilo xa iyonke. Le uphahla Imathiriyeli uphahla luqulathe zesamente, isanti kunye oxide yentsimbi. Le yokugqibela yi yidayi. Cement-isanti ithayile abangaboniyo phantse yinto enzima yodongwe. Ekubeni ukusebenzisa kwayo ithambeka lephahla kufuneka libe degrees 20-60. Ithayile babeka phezu crate ukuze iziqalelo kumqolo wangaphambili zaye kohlulwa ngesiqingatha ububanzi zabo. Njengoko kusetyenziswa anchorages ngezikhonkwane ucingo nasezimfanteni ezenziwe kwi-mveliso ngexesha eyimveliso ithayile.

izinto eziluncedo:

• uxhathiso bume zangaphandle;
• frost.

nobubi:

• massiveness (ubukhulu - 10 mm);
• umonakalo omkhulu umbandela xa izithuthi engafanelekanga (10%).

iithayile Cement-isanti nazo zisetyenziselwa nophahla njengoko izindlu ngamaplanga nodaka eziphakamileyo ezahlukeneyo. Iindleko materials 10-30 US $ / m ^2. It ikuvumela ukuba unike isiphumo esifanayo zokuhombisa, njengoko iithayile yodongwe, utyalo kunye imali encinane.

tile

It imele fiberglass, leyo azithe itha, ekusekeni ukutyabeka efanayo macala omabini flat. Xa umaleko layo eliphezulu isicelo ilitye posypku, kwaye ephantsi - primer-enamathelayo iglu, wayefuna lib kwi siseko eluphahleni. iimveliso ezifana zihlelwa "izinto zokuxhoma ethambileyo ukuba uphahla."

Sheet bituminous ithayile ineenkalo-1 m nge-30 cm, ngokulandelelana. Ngenxa bhetyebhetye yayo, kungaba waphinda phantse naluphi na uhlobo lwesakhiwo lophahla. Material esetyenziselwa eluphahleni kunye ojonge ngaphezu kweqondo lama-12 (ngendlela enkulu akukho zithintelo). Ifuna ukusetyenziswa inkunkuma maleko. Yayo phezu wophahla uMahalati, leyo angamelwa ngamaplanga manzi okanye OSB.

Tile idla ngokusetyenziswa kokokuhombisa izindlu, Villas, izakhiwo zoluntu. Kwakhona isoloko isetyenziswa nophahla izinto ngenxa uphahla igaraji.

izinto eziluncedo:

• izinto akuthethi kuyaphula ngexesha zokuhamba kunye nokufakwa;
• Akubonakali Irasti;
• Ayizi ongabolanga, akuthethi Irasti;
• sinako ukwenza ukulungisa wengingqi ngokukhawuleza ngeendleko iphantsi;
• akukho ingxolo ngexesha kwezulu.

nobubi:

• zisengozini enkulu yokuba komlilo;
• imifanekiso njenge "bodidi lwesibini";
• boniswa zemitha yelanga;
• kufuneka ifakwe kwi ebusika.

metal

It is a noxwebhu iqaqanjiswa zentsimbi kunye ukutyabeka polymeric, nto leyo lidlala indima olukhuselayo. Abavelisi bavelise izinto ezinamanani lamanqanaba. Metal iyafana kwinkangeleko ku "zomdongwe", kodwa ayikho iithayile ubungakanani amancinane, kwaye uxwebhu sentsimbi lonke ribbing textured. Bona yobukhulu ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ubukhulu yawo ingu-0.4 mm.

Amanqaku bacebisa ukusetyenziswa phezu kwezindlu kunye ethambekeni elibekwe ngaphezu kwama- 15. Ngokuchasene imvelaphi enye, yena umi Easy ukuya entabeni ukuya nophahla sheathing wentsimbi lukhuselekile ngezikhonkwane zokuxhoma okhethekileyo. Yisebenzise kuba phantse naziphi na izakhiwo kophahla, ukusukela zibuke kunye nesiphelo kunye nezakhiwo eziphakamileyo okanye amaziko mveliso.

Kuba baninzi, oku yeyona ilungileyo nophahla Imathiriyeli uphahla ngokwemiqathango ixabiso lemali (kubiza amaxesha 2-3 alithe gangqa ngasentla ezimbini iintlobo tiles).

izinto eziluncedo:

• ufakelo ngokukhawuleza;
• ixabiso eliphantsi;
• ubunzima ephantsi (35 kg / m ^2);
• amandla (ngexesha yezothutho hayi keleyo).

Bobubi umbandela iphantsi ingxolo yokwambathisa yayo (imvula nesichotho sikhatshwe ingxolo).

kukaMantashe

It is a izinto isamente, inqaba yayo linyuke imicu asbestos. It iqulathe-15% ye-asbestos korotkovolnistogo ne 85% of ePortland lwesamente. Okuthe kwaveliswa apha ngohlobo kweemakhishithi buxande kunye corrugation siziinduli. Bona kwakudibana kwi gasket uphawu kwaye nto zibambene nayo le sheathing ngezikhonkwane. Le uphahla nophahla ngempumelelo uphumeza ukusebenza kwayo xa utyekelo wayo kuluhlu 12-60 degrees.

Isileyiti esisetyenziselwa neeshedi, amakhitshi zasehlotyeni kunye nezinye izakhiwo ubaluleke kangako. Amaxesha amaninzi, kufanelekile apho ufuna ukugcina (1 m ² ixabisa $ 2-3). izinto zokwakha Modern ngenxa kuphahla ekumgangatho ophezulu kwaye zithembekile, kodwa iindleko zabo iphezulu kakhulu.

izinto eziluncedo:

• amandla eliphezulu;
• ufikelelo;
• Oko unqanyulwe screwdriver.

bendlela:

• ezonakala;
• akuthandeki;
• eyingozi empilweni;
• babize ukufuma (ngexesha kuwo kubonakala ngundo, moss).

decking profiled

Yeyona nto ilula yophahla. It imele amaphepha agciniweyo ngentsimbi kwalenza. Amaza kuzo babe trapezoidal, sinusoidal okanye imilo ajikelezayo. Benza izinto nomtsalane ngakumbi docking lula ngamagqabi ayo.

Kuba yokuma kophahla incence kufuneka izidanga kwi-10 ubuncinane. Beka izinto ebhokisini nocamba usebenzisa ndiyibeke eqhiyeni pergaminovoy leyo kwandisa iipropati amanzi. Qhoboshela izikrufu decking.

Le izinto, ezifana isileyiti, kwakudibana ukungqubana 200 mm okanye ngaphezulu. Iyasetyenziswa advantageously yolwakhiwo izakhiwo zorhwebo. Ukusetyenziswa anokufunyanwa kwishishini lokwakha (imizi-mveliso, iivenkile ezinkulu).

izinto eziluncedo:

• ukufakwa lula;
• i cheapness isihlobo;
• ubomi inkonzo ende;
• a amandla sezingeni eliphezulu flexural.

Bobubi zokufunda kude kwaso ingxolo eliphantsi.

Steel komphetho ezifulelwe

Le enamathela of egudileyo sheet ziintsimbi, amanzi evumela ukuba flow ukuthambeka ngokukhululekileyo kakhulu. Ezi Iimakhishithi ukuze iqaqanjiswa, iplastiki wawutyabeka okanye uncoated. Izidanga nophahla for steel uphahla iya kuba degrees 20. Ezi izinto ezihambelanayo nge amagwegwe sheets ezikufutshane. Le umthungo abunjwe kule meko kuthiwa umthungo okanye ezimbaxa enesaphulelo.

izinto eziluncedo:

• It akabi;
• Ine- imbonakalo enomtsalane;
• nezimo;
• ithuba esebenza lobushushu eliphantsi;
• ubunzima ukukhanya - 5.4 kg / m ^2.

nobubi:

• exposure kuxinezeleko mechanical;
• uphahla kufuneka kakhulu xa igqunyiwe.

Uphahla ezenziwe ngezinto zemvelo

Yeziveliso zendalo zokwakha ziquka ingca, iingcongolo, iinkuni. Kule mihla, ukusebenzisa kwabo Kwimeko ongasetyenziswayo kuyo lo mgaqo. Ezi izinto eco-friendly zisetyenziswa ikakhulu ngenxa zokutyela, iihotele kunye nezinye iindawo. ingasetyenziswa apho, kunye nezinto ezintsha zokwakha ngenxa uphahla, kodwa umsebenzi ophambili kukuba ukutsala ingqalelo basenokuba ngabaxhamli beenkonzo, ngoko nosisombululo esiphezulu babe inzuzo.

iziphumo

Uluhlu olubanzi izinto zokuxhoma kunokubangela iingxaki ezithile. Kodwa ukuba kwenzeka kuphela ulwazi xa ayonelanga. Inyathelo lokuqala kukufundisisa iimpawu zemathiriyeli kunye noluhlu labo ixabiso, emva koko ukhethe ukhetho engcono.