Indlela ukulinganisa lexinene umbandela? Ukuxinana kwezi izinto ezahlukeneyo

Kwiindawo ezininzi kwemveliso yoshishino, kwakunye nokwakhiwa kunye nezolimo isebenzisa ingqikelelo "ukuxinana mbandela." Eli xabiso ngekhompyutha, leyo lulwahlulo ubunzima ngezixhobo umthamo ahlala kuzo. Ukwazi oku parameter, umzekelo, ikhonkrithi, abakhi kufuneka ukuba ukubala ubungakanani kuyo ngokugalela izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo eziphathekayo: iibloko zokwakha, Iizilebhu, iindonga eziqinileyo, imihlathi, sarcophagus yokhuselo, amachibi, zokuphuma nokungena, kunye nezinye izinto.

Indlela ukufumanisa mninzi

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba, ngokubona lexinene zokwakha, kuyenzeka ukuba usebenzise iitafile ngokukodwa, apho ezi okuxabisekileyo kunikwa izinto ezahlukeneyo. kuqulunqwa iindlela zokubala kanye ubuchule nazo, ezivumela ukuba ukufumana ulwazi practice, ukuba akukho ukufikelela iimathiriyeli zesalalhiso.

Ukuxinana limiselwa:

• imizimba lulwelo isixhobo hydrometer (umz, zonke eyaziwa inkqubo yokulinganisa kuMmandla electrolyte yemoto ibhetri);
• izinto eziqinileyo kwakunye ulwelo ngoncedo le formula sokuqala ubunzima kunye nomthamo data aziwayo.

Lonke ubalo ezimeleyo, Kakade ke, kuya kuba kakuhle, kuba nzima ukufumanisa ethembekileyo mali, ukuba umzimba i imilo ezitenxileyo ezinokwenzeka.

Iimposiso kule nesilinganiso lexinene

Ukuze ngokuchanekileyo ukubala lexinene umbandela, kufuneka ucinge oku kulandelayo:

• Imposiso ngendlela. Kubonakala ngokusisigxina okanye zingatshintshwa umthetho othile ngexesha ngokwemilinganiso eziliqela ye parameter efanayo. Okunxulumene lulahlekiso isikali sixhobo, isibonisi libya ubuzaza isixhobo okanye nokuchaneka ifomula ukubala. Umzekelo, ukulinganisa ubunzima usebenzisa iintsimbi kunye ngoyaba imiphumo ukubagcina, iinkcukacha ifunyenwe uqikelelo.
• Imposiso Random. Oku kubangelwa izizathu engenayo yaye kunempembelelo ezahlukeneyo lokuchaneka kwedatha uzimisele. Utshintsho lobushushu okukufutshane, womoya, ukungcangcazela kwelo gumbi, imitha engabonakaliyo kwaye ukuhla emoyeni - oku kubonakala yonke imilinganiselo. Kuphephe impembelelo enjalo akunakwenzeka ngokupheleleyo.

• Imposiso ukubopha amanani. Zakuba zifikile iifomyula ezisekelwe data intermediate baqhele ukuba babe nobuninzi lamasuntswana emva kwesishumi. Imfuneko zinciphisa inani loonobumba kwaye sijonge imbonakalo yemposiso. Ngokupheleleyo ukunciphisa ezifana ezingachanekanga kangangoko kunokwenzeka, beshiya izibalo esiPhakathi oluqhutywa imiyalelo eliqela kwamanani ngaphezu kufunwa yi-eziphumo zokuphela konyaka.
• imposiso yokungakhathali (iziphene) zenzeka ngenxa inaccuracy yokubala misincorporated imida yomlinganiselo okanye isixhobo liphela, illegibility kweerekhodi zophicotho-zincwadi. Le data ukuzithengela zinokwahluka kakhulu kwezo izibalo. Ngoko ke, kufuneka zisuswe kwaye kwakhona benze lo msebenzi.

Ukulinganiswa ache lokwenyaniso

Ukuqwalasela lexinene izixhobo zokwakha, kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele wokwenene. Oko kukuthi, xa iyunithi umthamo izinto isakhiwo ayiqulathanga nemingxuma, mgodini kunye inclusions amazwe. Ukuziqhelisa, akukho ukufana ngokupheleleyo, xa, umzekelo, ikhonkrithi obegalelwe olunyityilikisiweyo. Ukuze ubone amandla ayo kokwenene, kuxhomekeke lexinene zokufunda yenziwe imisebenzi zilandelayo:

• Isakhiwo ufakwa makasilele ukuba ngumgubo ocolekileyo. Kweli nqanaba, sizohlukana ukususela.
• Lomiswa eziko kwindawo iqondo lobushushu elibekwe ngaphezu kwama- 100, ukususela ukufuma isampuli eseleyo isusiwe.
• Luthando ku lobushushu igumbi baluwela ngesihlungulo oluhle ubukhulu enemingxuma ka-0,20 x 0,20 mm, enika ngumgubo efanayo.
• Isampulu yahlaliswa esikalini kwi uzinzo accuracy-elektroniki. Lo mqulu ibalwa yi-piston imitha ukuntywiliselwa ibe kubume engamanzi zomlinganiselo bolwelo abafudukayo (uhlalutyo pycnometry).

Olubalo lwenziwa ngokomgaqo wokubala:

p = m / V

apho m - ubunzima sample in g;

V - ubungakanani yobungakanani in cm ^3.

Amaxesha amaninzi esebenzayo ngokomlinganiselo we mninzi kg / m ^3.

I-avareji density umbandela

Ukuze ubone ukuziphatha izinto zokwakha phantsi kweemeko yokwenene yokusebenza xa zibethwa ukufuma, amaqondo ezintle nezimbi, imithwalo mechanical, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa ingxinano. Uchaza imeko ebonakalayo lo mbandela.

Ukuba loxinano lokwenyaniso - ixabiso rhoqo kwaye kuxhomekeke kuphela ekwakhiweni iikhemikhali kunye nolwakhiwo yikristale emkhusaneni ukwimo, ingxinano umiselwa porosity eso sakhiwo. Yeyona lulwahlulo ubunzima izinto ukwimeko efanayo umthamo indawo ahlala kuyo vivo.

I-avareji Ukuxinana kunika uluvo lokuba injineli bamandla ngomatshini, ngesidanga ukufuma edalwayo, conductivity thermal kunye neminye imiba ebalulekileyo ezisetyenziswa izinto zokwakha.

Ingcamango Ukuxinana bulk

Kuqaliswa ekuhlalutyeni izinto zokwakha bulk (intlabathi, igrabile, udongwe eyandisiweyo kunye nabanye.). Isalathisi kubalulekile ukubala isicelo iindleko-olusebenzayo amacandelo yokwakha ezahlukeneyo mxube. Ibonisa ubunzima umlinganiselo ichiza ukuya umthamo apho yomzalwane ngobume isakhiwo evakalala.

Umzekelo, ukuba eyaziwa bulk lexinene umbandela semilo granular kunye nomyinge ingqolowa mninzi, kulula ukumisela parameter yokulungelelanisa yakwalubala. Ekwenziweni kunilungele eziphathekayo ukusebenzisa isikhombisi (igrabile, ilitye nakhandiweyo, isanti), ukuba porosity asezantsi umcimbi owomileyo, ekubeni kuya kuzalisa izinto isiseko nesamente, nto leyo eza kwandisa iindleko.

Iimpawu konga kwezinye izinto

Ukuba uthatha ezinye iitafile data ibalwa, apho:

• Ukuxinana kwezinto amatye, aba bakhoyo kuhlanganiselo oxides icalcium, lesilicon aluminium nemiqulu engama 2400 ukuya 3100 kg ^{m3 ngamnye.}
• Nangamaplanga nge isiseko neselulosi - 1550 kg m ^{3 nganye.}
• izinto eziphilayo (carbon, ioksijini, hydrogen) - 800-1400 kg m ^{3 nganye.}
• Metals: steel - 7850 aluminiyam - 2700, lead - 11300 kg m ^{3 nganye.}

Ngenxa yeteknoloji ekhoyo, isakhiwo isalathiso ukwakhiwa ezinoxinano kwezinto ezibalulekileyo ngokwemigaqo ngamandla izakhiwo umthwalo yawo. Zonke zokwambathisa umsebenzi kwanokusetyenziswa izinto zingangenwa ukusuka loxinano eliphantsi ivaliwe isakhiwo cell.