Ikhonkrithi, imixube eyomileyo

Ikhonkrithi yinto engeyiyo yendalo yokwakha itywala ezuzwa ngenxa yokuqulunqwa komxube okhethekileyo, oquka into encinci ye-gluing, yamanzi kunye kunye (enkulu okanye encinci). Ukuba kuyimfuneko, zonke ezi ngasentla zingongeza izongezelelo ezizodwa ezenza ngcono ukusebenza. Kodwa ukuhlanganiswa komxube wekhonkrithi kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukumelana nokubandayo, ukungena kwamanzi, amandla kunye nezinye izinto eziyimfuneko. Ngokubanzi, oku kuyona nto ibalulekileyo yokwakha, esetyenziswe kuwo onke amacandelo wokwakha. Enyanisweni, izinto ezinjalo ziyaziwa kakuhle, kuba yenza ukuba kube lula ukufumana izinto kunye neendlela ezihlukeneyo zeempawu, ukulungelelanisa nokufikeleleka, kwiimpawu eziphezulu zezobugcisa nezemali (iindleko zokuvelisa ezincinci, ukuchaneka kunye nokuzenzekelayo ukulungiselela kwayo, njl. Okunye. Iinkalo ezibalulekileyo zekrete zixininisa, amandla kunye nokumelana nomlilo. Kodwa kukho ukuphazamiseka, okokuba, eqinisweni, ibe nelitye-le nto ingaphantsi kwamandla, kodwa esi siphene sichithwa ekwakhiweni kwekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo - ingxowa iyayinyamekela yonke into. Ngokuxhomekeke kubuxininiso, ikhonkthi iyahlula: - ingakumbi inzima (ubuninzi be-2500 kg / m3) - isetyenziselwa iinkqubo zokukhusela, zenziwa kwiimpahla ezikhuselekileyo (i-ore, cast-iron-scrap, etc.); - ubunzima (ubuninzi be-2200 - 2500 kg / m3) - eziveliswe kwisanti, iitravel okanye igravel ukusuka kwidwala elinzima; - isisindo sokukhanya (ubuninzi be-1800 - 2200 kg / m3); - ukukhanya (ubuninzi be-500 - 1800 kg / m3). Ubuninzi bobunzima bobuninzi bekhonkrithi kumlinganiselo wayo (kg / m3). Ukuphakama kobuninzi, ubunzulu obubalulekileyo. Ubuninzi buchaphazeleke ngokubakho kwamapolisa avela ngexesha lokuveliswa kwayo: ngokukhupha amanzi angadingekanga asebenzisanga kunye nesamente, ngokuxuba kakhulu ukuxuba umxube wekhonkrithi okanye nesincinci samente. Amandla acingelwa ukuba ngumqondiso obaluleke kakhulu wekhonkrithi, ukwenzela inkcazo yamandla ekhonkrithi, amandla athathekayo athatyathwa. Amandla akhula ngenxa yokuqhagamshelana nesamente ngamanzi, ehamba ngokwemvelo kwiimeko ezifudumeleyo. Emva kokubekwa iintsuku eziyi-15 ukuya kwi-28, iimfuno zekhonkrithi zigcinwa. Kwixesha elifudumeleyo, amanzi ekhonkriteni kufuneka agcinwe yindlela yokutyilisa ngezikhathi ezithile kunye nendawo yokukhusela kwimisebe yelanga. Ukugcinwa komswakama kwikhonkrithi kubaluleke kakhulu, kubonakala ngokuthambisa (ikhonkrit ngaphandle kwe-plasticizer) - kwiqondo lokushisa lomoya elingaphezu kwe-20 C - emva kweeyure ezintathu, kubandakanywa nobusuku kwaye zigcinwe phantsi kobunqamlezo obuncitshisiweyo, i-burlap nesihlabathi iintsuku ezi-7. Yaye ukuba ngaba impahla kunye nokongezwa kwe-plasticizer, gcina ubuncinane iintsuku ezili-14. Ukudala iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezizathu, umbuzo uvela: yiyiphi ikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi eya kulungelelanisa imisebenzi emiselweyo, ekuxhomekeke kuyo, okokuqala, ngohlobo lokwakhiwa kwe-monolithic, kwimiqathango yokusetyenziswa kwangakumbi. Izinto ezichaphazela ukhetho lohlobo kunye nomkhwa wekhonkrithi kwisiseko sendlu, kungekhona kakhulu. Nazi ezinye izinto eziphambili: umthwalo kwiinkqubo zekhonkrithi kunye nesisindo sokwakheka kwesakhiwo; Ukunceda kwesiza; Uhlobo olukhoyo luphantsi komhlaba kunye nesiseko sakhiwo: imilingo, itayili, ubukho bendlu yangasese. Zonke ezi zidweliswe apha zichaphazela ngqo ukhetho lwekhonkrithi. Ukukhutshelwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwakhiwo kubonakaliso obaluleke kakhulu, okufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo xa ukhetha isisombululo sekhonkrithi. Iipropati zomhlaba nazo zibalulekileyo. Ukuba umhlaba unesihlabathi okanye unxantye, ukulungele ukufaka isiseko somda, ngoko kufike ixesha lokuthatha uphawu lwekhonkrit M200 - M250. Inhlabathi yomhlaba yinto engabalulekanga ngakumbi ekukhethweni kwekhonkrithi kwisiseko. Khumbula, ngokuqhelekileyo amabakala asekhonkrithi akhethekileyo aya kuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesakhiwo.

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