Iintlobo imibhobho: Isishwankathelo, iimpawu, iimpawu kunye nohlolo ukuyinyusa

Xa yayenza yombhobho ngokubekwa, iyahlala nokuthembeka inkqubo emiselwe ukhetho imibhobho. Bamele babe nobomi ngenkonzo ende kwaye umhlwa ukumelana. Into ebalulekileyo kananjalo ngexabiso elifanelekileyo. Phantse zonke iintlobo imibhobho, wona lawo asondezwayo namhlanje, imarike mihla, ukusa kumkhamo othile ukuhlangabezana nezi mfuno. Noko ke, kufuneka zikhethwe kuthathelwa ingqalelo injongo ubukhulu.

Eyona engundoqo iintlobo ngemibhobho yentsimbi

Ukuqwalasela iintlobo Imibhobho ephakathi yentsimbi, kubalulekile ukuba sinikele ingqalelo indlela imveliso yazo. Kule inkqubo yokuvelisa zingafumaneka omthuqwa okanye iimveliso weldless. Iintlobo yokugqibela uba ukuthembeka ephakamileyo, kodwa iindleko iza kuba ngaphezulu. Imibhobho Steel ebonakala:

• plasticity;
• esilula;
• amandla;
• ukukwazi ukuba bangenele uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwangaphakathi.

Ubungakanani ezi mveliso bubonwa sicatshulwa lwangaphakathi eqhelekileyo. Zonke iintlobo Imibhobho ephakathi yentsimbi babe luncedo omnye kakhulu, nto leyo ichazwa nokumelana eliphantsi. Abavelisi zizama ukuphelisa esi sithintelo ngokusetyenziswa anti-umhlwa ukutyabeka okanye Ngokubhekiselele iqonga lwemveliso lweziqalelo alloying, ezivumela ukufumana neetyhubhu ze insimbi.

Ukuqwalasela iintlobo yemibhobho ezenziwe ngentsimbi, Isefu kufuneka yabelwe ngaphandle efuna ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo. Bala kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela kwezo ndawo apho le mifanekiso busetyenzisiwe. iimveliso Isefu wambi ufunde inkcenkce, zisetyenziswa ilungiselelo amanzi, iinkqubo zokufudumeza kunye nemibhobho yamanzi.

Ukuqwalasela iintlobo ezimbaxa imibhobho, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iwelding limi njengoko ndlela ifanelekileyo ukuze lokuvelisa le ngentsimbi. Weldability Imibhobho kuyehla xa ekwakhiweni yemichiza uqulathwe isixa esikhulu carbon. Le nkqubo kunokuba nzima kwakhona ngenxa ukutyabeka zinc.

Eyona engundoqo iintlobo ngemibhobho metal

Iingcali indawo yazo kufuneka azi iindidi imibhobho yesinyithi, kubalulekile ukwahlula phakathi kwabo:

• aluminium;
• copper;
• steel;
• cast iron;
• titanium.

namhlanje zisetyenziswa phantse kuzo zonke iinkalo zoshishino. Sombhobho emnyama eyenziwe koxinzelelo liqengqiwe kunye nemveliso non-ingcinezelo, nto leyo inokuba yinxalenye umsebenzi ukukhanya okanye izakhiwo power metal. iimveliso ezifana asetyenziswa kakhulu nokulungiselela imigudu moya kunye itshimini. Bona ebonakala ukuqina isazinge aphezulu kunye nesakhono uxhathiso ophezulu imithwalo longitudinal and enqamlezileyo. Ezi ntlobo yemibhobho ayikho ngaphandle ethile, leyo ichazwa kwi susceptibility ukuya umhlwa kunye neendleko eziphezulu.

Features ufakelo lemibhobho metal

Xa ukuhlangana izakhiwo zentsimbi kunye nemibhobho kusetyenziswa iindlela ezine ezisisiseko Amalunga processing:

• ngelotha;
• kuvuke uqhagamshelo;
• welding;
• uxhulumaniso azinamsonto.

Ukuwelda kunye brazing zibeluncedo, kwaye yokugqibela luhlobo lonyango izenzo kwiinkqubo olova zilayishwe. Oku kufuneka kubandakanye ukufudumeza yasekhaya okanye izixhobo yokulinganisa. Ngoncedo lwe iwelding ukufikelela nemiphumela encomekayo. Le ndlela eqhubekayo lisetyenziswa kuphela kushishino, kodwa kubomi bemihla ngemihla.

Ezinye iintlobo ngemibhobho ukuze mayixhonywe nge uxhulumaniso ngezikhonkwane, apha kufuneka kwaziwe okusikrotyana nemisonto. Kwimeko yokugqibela, Iziphelo kunye nolungiselelo yenziwa cu ogqityiweyo. Imboniselo yabucala Kanjalo kungathiwa trapezoidal okanye elingunxantathu.

Lempundu ukubeka efanelekileyo kunye nendawo joint kufuneka kumana kunye nut yokutshixa ngetywina. Le ifanele ifakiwe kwaye kulula ukuba oku ukuphelisa efanelekileyo ifakiwe lempundu egudileyo. Beentlanga Babelamkele ekhusela abutment okanye isisombululo uphawu kusetyenziswa Kabolka leyo intambo nentlaka.

Iintlobo ngemibhobho profile

Ukuba unomdla iimveliso ezichazwe kweli nqaku, kufuneka ucinge kwakhona iindidi kwemibhobho profile. Xa uhlobo zezi:

• square;
• ezimcaba-okweqanda;
• koxande;
• elimbhoxo.

Kuba uhlobo ngamnye sele efumene umda echazwe yokusebenzisa. Umzekelo, elimbhoxo caba abe bhetyebhetye ophezulu, nto leyo evumela ukusetyenziswa kwemibhobho ezinjalo kushishino ifenitshala, apho kudla kuyimfuneko ekwenziweni izinto zokuhombisa.

Iintlobo Square kunye olubuxande kwicala lwe imibhobho profile abe nemilinganiselo ukuba lula ukusebenzisa ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo ukuze sibekwe endaweni ethe tyaba. Sebenzisa ezifana Umbhobho izixhobo kunye nokwakhiwa ukudala zoyilo isakhelo spacer.

Eyona engundoqo iintlobo yemibhobho zeplastiki

Iintlobo Imibhobho yeplastiki thaca namhlanje ukuba athengise uluhlu olubanzi, kubalulekile ukwahlula phakathi kwabo:

• PVC.
• PP.
• PE.
• PEX.
• PEX-AL-PEX.

isifinyezo Kuqala imela kulandelayo: chloride Polyvinyl, ngoxa yesibini ibandakanya imibhobho ezinepolypropylene. Le PE Ukubiza ibonisa ukuba phambi kokuba umbhobho kwakho ezenziwe polyethylene, ngoxa propylene athungwe elityunjwe iileta ezintathu - PEX. Wokugqibela ngokwe ngasentla ibonisa imibhobho yesinyithi.

Ukubalula of Imibhobho yeplastiki

Emva kokuqwalasela zonke iintlobo Imibhobho ephakathi yentsimbi, inokufunyanwa iinkcukacha ngakumbi iimveliso zeplastiki. Umzekelo, ezinepolypropylene unokuba-manzi ezine ubude tube, ngoxa ubukhulu yahluka ukusuka-16 mm ukuya 1.25 m.

Uxokonyezelelwe umbhobho izixhobo okanye izixhobo ezizodwa, ekuthiwa izixhobo ngenxa welding thermoplastic. Imibhobho polyethylene ingasetyenziswa ukuze ibandla kweenkqubo uxinzelelo eziyi- kwangaphandle nangaphakathi. standard xi umoya 6, okuyinene ukuba imibhobho kunye abizwa ngokuthi "C". Ukunyuka ukuya umoya 10 uxinzelelo, kwimeko kwemibhobho phantsi ileyibhile "T".

Ukuba uthelekisa iintlobo enjalo iityhubhu, oko Kungaphikiswa ukuba iimveliso polyethylene ngokuxhomekeke ukupakisha nokuba ikwiqondo lobushushu iphantsi xa amaqondo obushushu uwela 20 ° C. Xa ubukhulu yahluka mm phakathi-20 kunye nama-63, iimveliso oxhulumene kunye gasket zerabha okanye izangqa. Ungasebenzisa Iziseko iwelding.

Xa ubukhulu inyuswe ukuya kuma-60 mm yaye ifikelela 160 mm, uxhulumano ikhutshwa phandle kuphela ngokusebenzisa lempundu welding. Ngoku uyazi indlela ngobubanzi, iintlobo imibhobho, kodwa kubalulekile xa kucingwa iimveliso zeplastiki bayazi ukuba lungohlulwa lube umbhobho koxinzelelo oluphezulu nezisezantsi. uxinzelelo Non ube ububanzi kwi uluhlu mm-50 ukuya 110. imibhobho ezinjalo zisetyenziselwa ngokubekwa iinkqubo amdaka.

Izimvo imibhobho cast PEX

Ngokutsho abathengi, loo imibhobho polyethylene crosslinked esetyenziselwa iinkqubo zokufudumeza kanye lamanzi. Bona ebekwe isikhungu iinxalenye. umbhobho data ye ufakelo kweenkqubo zokufudumeza umgangatho ikhephu ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Ukuthintela kwii-oksijini angena kumbhojana yokugubungela abathengi zabo acetyiswa kwe- umqobo.

Ukuphonononga lo metal-pipe

Ezi ngemibhobho yasungulwa akunjalo kudala, kodwa sele bakwazi ukuthandwa. Baya kuqala ukuvela eNgilani, yaye namhlanje abathengi uzisebenzisa kakhulu rhoqo. Bona ezenziwe ngezinto kunye kongezwe i-polyethylene ubushushu ezingatshiyo, polyethylene eqhelekileyo aluminium. Abathengi khetha Imibhobho yeplastiki ngenxa yokuba bakwazi ukunyamezela imithwalo enzima.

Ukuba zingasetyenziswa kuquka iinkqubo eziya kuba wadibana amanzi okusela. Eyamkelekileyo amancinci ukwanda thermal ngethuba umsebenzi wabo. Abathengi ukucacisa ukuba utshintsho zangaphandle kwaye banxibe ngexesha ukuyisebenzisa phantse apho. Ukuhlanganisa kubo kwesinye ngeendlela ezimbini, ezizezi ngokucinezela kunye kokujikeleza.

Features ufakelo lemibhobho ezinepolypropylene

Imibhobho ezinjalo kufuneka zigxunyekwe ezindongeni ngu nezibambi, zomsonto ze zibe iimveliso. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba iinkqubo ngokutsha zokufudumeza kufuneka azise wesizalo ezinepolypropylene izixhobo kwibhoyila. uqhagamshelo wabo wenziwa ngendlela ezisebenza ngokubakho leyo ewakhwelayo kumbhobho metal. Ubude yokugqibela kufuneka zifike 0.5 m.

Ukuba uthelekiso amalungu welding kunye esijijwayo, i yangaphambili ungamkhonzanga, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba loo mveliso kubekwa ngaphakathi eludongeni. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo pre-lukhangelwa yengxinano nokuthembeka. Isiphakamiso efanayo kusebenza izigqibo ezenziwe crimp ifaka.

isiphelo

Imibhobho zentsimbi Siphose namhlanje zisenako eqhelekileyo. Kodwa mvanje, baye bashiya egameni iimveliso ngezinto ezininzi mihla, eziye ichazwe ngasentla.

Oku kungenxa iimpawu ezithile elingqukuva intsimbi, kuba akukho alungele ukusetyenziswa kwindawo ethambileyo, kwakunye neendawo apho umngcipheko omkhulu seismic. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, imibhobho ezinjalo kufuneka ubunzima yayintle brittleness wande, eyimveliso kuthatha yesinyithi. Ukuvelisa i wombhobho omncinci kwaye wenza kuyingxaki.