Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo Afghanistan: incazelo neefoto

Yintoni ukubona e Afghanistan, ilizwe kunye imbali yamandulo, imvelaphi yayo elandwa ukusuka kwisiseko uBukhosi bamaPersi? Ezinye iindawo ezinika yenkcubeko kurhulumente ekhankanywe amaxwebhu embali ukususela ngaloo maxesha. Kodwa ngquzulwano intlaninge wenza lizwe ezingazinzanga malunga vnutrennepoliticheskom, nayo kuchaphazela kakubi ilifa. Mozhestvo Afghanistan izinto babuyiselwa. Namhlanje ke zivulelekile eluntwini. Cinga ezinika Afghanistan abakhenkethi ncomo.

gadi Babur

Enye ozibonayo idumileyo Afghanistan uchazwa kwisiqingatha sokuqala ngenkulungwane ye-16 kwaye ibekwe kwi ezine ezinkulu ezizigidi Afghanistan - Kabul. Iigadi Babur zakhiwa engcwabeni soMhlekazi enkulu Babur, lowo ingqalelo ekusekweni uyise ubukhosi, i Mughals. Garden i iphiramidi ka masimu-15. Ingcwaba ibekwe emoyeni ivulekile ukuwasa 14. Yenziwe le emarmore emhlophe, neendonga zaso zendawo.

kwinkulungwane yama-20 Babur Gardens kakubi beluqhuqha, kodwa 2002 unyaka wokuzalwa. The Afghanistan Ministry of Culture, ngokusekelwe kumsebenzi British joni-artist Charlza Messona, ukusebenza kwiinkcazo bakhe, ekwafanekisa le ngenkulungwane ye-19. 1842 nayo intshabalalo yenyikima, umyezo unako ukubuyela, kodwa sakhiwe kwi incasa yomphathi Amir Abdurrahman Khan. Ngenxa yoko, umyezo waba zahluke kakhulu ukusuka kumfanekiso lokuqala: yayakhiwe Palace of the Queen kunye enkundleni central.

War ka 1979-1989 yabangela umonakalo omkhulu paka: izakhiwo ezininzi zatshatyalaliswa, kunye nemithi elinwabileyo. Kutshanje, ngo-2011, i-Gardens of Babur zalungiswa kwaye yaba ipaka yoluntu.

Balkh

City of Balkh, yena Wazirabad, njengesinye sezixeko omkhulu yamandulo zehlabathi lamandulo. indawo Esi sixeko akholiswe kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nelizwe lilonke. Endaweni eyintlango zamatye kunye neentaba iimpethu entsimini echumayo. Wazirabad lowo umzi wokuqala waliseka Indo-Aryans. Ngenkulungwane yamandulo Balkh bababengezelela zamaSilamsi nezigodlo zamaBhuda. Kakade ngexesha wempumelelo lomzi Silk Road yayinabantu kwesigidi sabantu 1.

Ngaphandle kwempahla yi-Arabhu kwi V-VI iinkulungwane AD, Timur kunye eziphethe, Marco Polo wathetha ngaye 'mkhulu yaye ufanelwe esi sixeko. " XVI-XIX iinkulungwane. isixeko waza kungquzulwano ngezixhobo phakathi kwamazwe amathathu: iPersi, Afghanistan, kunye eBukhara khanate. Kodwa kwimbali mzi, asinguye iphepha lokugqibela imfazwe. Izakhiwo kwinkulungwane yama-20 kusala kumaxesha amandulo, kuphela lokukhonzela kunye inxalenye kweendonga Wozisibekekisa mzi.

minaret of Jam

Enye indawo umdla e Afghanistan ithathwa minaret imitha-65. Ulwazi olunomdla kukungabikho owela ngaphakathi kwama-iikhilomitha eziliqela zokuhlala ezinkulu. Ukwakha isakhiwo bakwazi gurdskomu Giyazov Sultan-al-Din ngenkulungwane ye-12 emva kwexesha. Esi sakhiwo kwaphawula uloyiso phezu Ghaznavids. izinto Basic - yezitena elinyukayo, leyo ngokugqibeleleyo wayilondoloza imizobo iindinyana Koran yaye minaret ukuya namhlanje.

Beka phambili inguqulelo ukuba minaret - ekwakheni kuphela kwisixeko samandulo, nethe yafikelela imihla yethu. City, banyanzelisa ukuba bekubakho igama "Blue City" yaye yatshatyalaliswa abendlu ka-Mongols phantsi Genghis Khan kwisiqingatha sokuqala ngenkulungwane ye-13. Ekubeni indawo kweminyaka phantse 700 senilulibele sixeko. It ikwazile ukubuyisela inkcazelo ngokuma British Thomas Holdichu.

Noko ke, ngokutsho yophando lwakutshanje onokuyiphikisa ubukho uguqulelo mzi. Imifanekiso evela emajukujukwini kunye nofundo lokuba ngengingqi eziphikisanayo. Lo mmandla iyahlozinga yaye kunzima ukufikelela ngenxa imeko zomhlaba kwaye ayikwazanga ukugcina isixeko kumabhotwe kunye neemosque. Ngowe-43 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela zenziwa imifanekiso yokuqala Minaret of Jam, yaye kamva kunyaka - amanqaku yokuqala zembali. Le minaret yadweliswa UNESCO World Heritage Site ngo-2002.

ezintabeni Hindu yakwaKush

Uyakwazi ukubona izinto ezininzi Afghanistan umfanekiso kwi kubalawuli ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, iintaba ze-Hindu Kush. Zidume ekufikeleleni iintaba parallel, efikelela kubude ngaphezu 7,500 kweemitha. Abahlali kwiilali ezincinane bachitha phantse ubomi bakhe bodwa evela kwabanye. Yiya kwindawo ethile kokuba ukuba kwikhephu linyibilike, likhulula abapasileyo.

Ukuba ugqiba ekubeni kutyelela eli nomtsalane Afghanistan beauty entabeni inkcazelo uya kuba nzima ukuyenza. Njengoko akunakwenzeka ukuchaza ingozi zokuzimela kuzo. Amaninzi inyikima awo 5-6, zekhephu kunye rockfalls ukwenza Hindu Kush kwindawo eyingozi kakhulu. Ingongoma iphezulu - Tirich Mir, okanye "uKumkani Ubumnyama," njengoko kuthiwa yi bendawo. Zonke ngenxa yokuba inxalenye Vakhania intaba lisoloko komthunzi walo. Apha zavela Kabul kunye Indus nemilambo. Owokuqala wanika igama komkhulu.

Ngokufundisisa reviews ezinika Afghanistan, kodwa kunokuba malunga zintaba, kufuneka ukhankanye i lesikhumbuzo zokwakha - i Salang etoneleni, wenza ngqo emaweni. Kwi isicelo, abakhenkethi mabavule emiqolombeni ezinamatye ziimonki zamaBhuda entilini omlambo Tejen.

Palace Darul Aman

Mid-1920 wamiswa Afghanistan ophela ukwakhiwa ibhotwe Dar ul-Aman, ukwakhiwa eliquka nabayili German. Ebhotwe -sibonisa kukuzuza ukuzimela kaKumkani Amanullah. Ngowe-1919, umsebenzi waqalisa phezu uphuhliso kwisithili entsha - kumzantsi-ntshona kwi Kabul yangoku. Ekuqaleni kwacetywa ukwakha izakhiwo 70 isimbo aseYurophu, yaye emva kweminyaka emithathu kamva iprojekthi yavunywa yi ukumkani omtsha.

Iminyaka esixhenxe, wakwazi ukwakha amabhotwe ezimbini kuphela, enye yazo - Darul Aman. Emva komnye unyaka, ukwakhiwa yemiswa ngenxa ukubhukuqwa Amanullah. Kwinkulungwane edluleyo, eli bhotwe phantsi enzima ukuhlasela nodaka ukusuka Mujahideen imipu. Ngeli xesha waba imikhosi yiSoviet Jikelele Abasebenzi Isidlo. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, waye wamkelwa kwisicwangciso ebhotwe ngokutsha. Urhulumente yangoku linqwenela ukuvakalisa le umnqweno imvuselelo yedemokhrasi kunye nelizwe ngokubanzi.

martins Mosque

Yintoni enye ukubona e Afghanistan i Juma mosque iyingangamsha. Sikhoyo kwidolophu ekuthiwa Balkh. Isakhiwo yakhiwa emva kwinkulungwane 10 kuba Muslims zasekuhlaleni, sizithobe zasekuhlaleni, kodwa kweminyaka engamakhulu kamva wayitshisela khona. Ngesi umlilo wambhinqisa ilivo ukuba dervish, ohlala mosque, bevakalisa nje iinyembezi ezimbini kuphela, bakwazi ukucima element umlilo. Kodwa ke kakhulu emva kwexesha, lo lokukhonzela Juma ibe luthuthu.

Emva iinkulungwane 2 Yakhiwa zobukhulu. Ngokuba umsebenzi wakhe ekudalweni kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo wathabatha ngokwakhe Alisher Navoi, nguye lowo wasinika lokukhonzela mihla njengoko sisazi namhlanje. Uninzi lwethu zafikelela, kwaye portal kuphela a magama omhle kwithala lakho. Kwakhona idlale indima iimfazwe ezininzi ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 washiya imfumba yelitye kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo. Ngethamsanqa, yonke into wabuyiselwa: umhombiso kunye neendonga mosque, yaye indawo enkulu ngaphakathi, nto leyo ukuthatha ngaphezulu kwama-5000 Muslims.

isiphelo

Ukufunda nokubuyekezwa abo baye kweli lizwe, sinokugqiba ukuba Afghanistan kuya kuba umdla kwabo banomdla kwimbali basempumalanga, izakhiwo. Abakhenkethi aceba kutyelela Afghanistan kwaye azibonele lemveli lenkcubeko yalo, kucetyiswa ngamandla ukucwangcisa ngenyameko indlela. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukulandela iindaba zakutshanje abasuka kwimimandla oceba ukuya. Urhulumente yangoku alinalawulo kwiindawo ezininzi zeli lizwe.