Iimveliso onganeno: inkcazelo kunye neempawu

impahla ezingekho mgangathweni, nto leyo yesiphako encinane ngohlobo yimikrwelo okanye umbala ukungafani, ilahlekile iipakethe okanye inxalenye non-esebenza zesixhobo, uyakwazi ukugcina kakhulu kwezezimali kwaye kuthatha iminyaka emininzi ukuba kuyo. Nekonditsiyu basoloko bexakaniseka umtshato, okubamba ezandleni abenzi abanganyanisekanga okanye abathengisi kunye nabasebenzisi ezilahlekisayo.

Yintoni nekonditsiya

Nekonditsiya - it yimveliso oko ezingahambelaniyo nemigangatho, iinkcukacha ezinye parameters. imveliso ezinombono sisiphumo zokungathotyelwa ngeteknoloji kwimveliso. Kukho iindidi eziliqela ukutenxa kule norm:

• Impahla ngoku ayisebenziseki.
• Le mveliso esifanelekileyo emva kokuba ulungiso.
• Le mveliso ayikho ezifanele ukusetyenziswa, kwaye ufuna nokulahlwa.

Umtshato okanye nekonditsiya

Le mveliso, imiqathango efanelekileyo yokusebenza, kuquka emva kokuba ukukhanda onganeno. Ukuba akukho utshintsho okanye ulungiso akayi kuba nako ukubuyela izinto zayo umsebenzi, ngoko ke ityala umtshato. impahla onganeno ezahlukileyo leyo iimveliso kunye iziphene ezincinane ingasetyenziswa injongo eyenzelwe yona emva kokuba efanelekileyo umenzi okanye inkonzo lwabathengi uphuculo.

oonobangela

impahla onganeno inokwenzeka kuphela kumjikelo imveliso, kodwa ngenxa nezinye izizathu. Umzekelo:

• Umonakalo mveliso yabangela ngexesha ukunikezelwa.
• Ilahleko iinxalenye okanye package, umonakalo iphakheji.
• umonakalo lwangaphandle kwempahla (imikrwelo, iitshiphusi, ukungabi umbala, njalo-njalo. D.).
• kophuke Minor.

Ukongeza yokuqinisekisa imveliso, sub-standard ngemveliso accounting ukutolikwa: unmarketable - ukuba impahla kunye nezinto ukuba kunzima ukuphumeza, okanye intsalela, isitokhwe ndawonye, okanye iimveliso akazibandakanyi kwiinkqubo zemveliso wombutho (akukho mfuneko yokuba nayiphi na iiyunithi).

nekonditsiyu iindleko

Iindleko yokuvelisa ophezulu ezikumgangatho kunye nempahla sub-eqhelekileyo kumenzi efanayo. Ukufika kweempahla sub-eqhelekileyo kunye iziphene efihliweyo wayethetha ephule zenkqubo, umphumo ziphangwe ngokupheleleyo iqela. Kulo mzekelo, umenzi simisela ukuba kusilungele (s igama kunye nengcinga ngemali) eziselwa. NoKwenziwa ngokutsha kwezinto ebesezisetyenzisiwe ibandakanya ukulahleka kabini, ngendleko yentengiso unako ukubuyela iindleko zemveliso, kodwa lo mzekelo kuyimfuneko ukwazisa ngumthengi enokubakho zonke iziphene illiquid.

Lidla abathengisi ekuthengeni iimpahla ngesambuku, apho kukho illiquid, kwaye awukwazi bango umthengisi okanye umenzi. Amaninzi, ixabiso womtshato illiquid phangalala ixabiso lempahla esemgangathweni. Umthengisi iimfesi imveliso onganeno ungaziphumeza ngendleko ephantsi, ngoxa implementer ubunzima ilahleko ekugqibeleni. Kwakhona indlela yokuthengisa apho zonke iindleko imbuyekezo ngokwemigaqo imali (yentengiso ngaphandle akhawunti ingeniso nelahleko a). Indlela yokugqibela ukuphelisa nekonditsiyu na ukulungiswa kunye kwintengiso elandelayo, uzalisekiso iindleko ziphantsi, abuyele kumenzi, ziphilise.

Iziphene kanye ngezigaba zabo

Kuthetha ukuthini impahla onganeno? Ezi iimveliso kunye naziphi na iziphene ezo, nayo, yahlulwe ngeentlobo ezininzi:

• A siphene ecacileyo. Uhlobo umonakalo ibanjiwe ngokuthobela ngeendlela zokulawula umgangatho.
• siphene angasebenzi. Olu hlobo umonakalo hayi ukubonwa ngeendlela standard uvavanyo.
• I siphene ezibalulekileyo. Xa olu hlobo ukusetyenziswa illiquidity imveliso phantse zancitshiswa ukuya kwiqanda okanye akwenzeki ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko.

Iziphene kwakhona kwahluka ezingeni:

• Nixoxa. Kuye nefuthe elikhulu ekusetyenzisweni kwezi mveliso / imveliso injongo eyenzelwe yona, kunciphisa ubomi nkonzo nokufumaneka.
• Ungayinaki. Unefuthe phantse imperceptible ngokusetyenziswa eyenziwayo imveliso / imveliso ukulungiselela injongo eyenzelwe yona kwaye ngexesha emsebenzini wayo.

impahla onganeno abaneziphene ungalungiseka, nayo leyo iiyantlukwano zalo;

• ukukhubazeka asuswayo. iimveliso Repair kufanelekile, ngendlela kwenzeke kunye neendleko olusebenzayo.
• ukukhubazeka Unrecoverable. Eneneni, olu hlobo isiphako umtshato.

Uphi owayo nekonditsiya

Izinto kunye nasiphi na isiphene ingafumaneka nangaliphi na indawo yentengiso, kwaye ngokunxulumene imeko enzima yezoqoqosho, kwakukho Iivenkile yeempahla onganeno. Kaninzi nekonditsiya ababeke e namanzi amdaka avela ezahlukeneyo, kwaye kule meko ngenxa umthengi ukuthenga izinto ezinjalo kuthetha itikiti leloto, kwaye asisoloko endlala. Kaloku, ukuba kuthengwe uya kukhonza ngokuthembeka kangangexesha elide, kodwa eqinisekisa isiphumo ngempumelelo apho.

iivenkile Stock zenza uluhlu ndawonye yonke imali eyintsalela zonyaka yemiyinge ezinkulu, iinethiwekhi okanye iimveliso zomgunyathi. Oku kuzo eye nasiphi na isiphene. Ngokomzekelo, iimpahla kwi showroom badla zama phambili, kwaye ulahlekelwa ezinye isibheno wayo - eze ngaphandle amaqhosha, uwatwabulule enemikhono okanye kuwuma. Ezi iimpawu kwempahla onganeno. Ukuba kunjalo, umzekelo, zokwakha izixhobo, kulo mzekelo kungathatha indawo raznosortitsa, izixhobo engaphelelanga okanye iziphene nangomlinganiselo ongafaniyo.

Ukuba inkampani igcina umfanekiso, impahla onganeno siya kuthengiswa ngexabiso eliphantsi, kwaye ikhadi ziya kudweliswa zonke iziphene. Ke ukuba ilungiswe, iza kubhengezwa kulo. Nekonditsiyu ingqalelo ezithengiswayo esidala kunye nemfuyo, kwaye ingafunyanwa nje kuphela ezivenkileni zobunjineli, kodwa ezivenkileni evenkileni. Kancinci ukushwabana ice cream angalahlekelwa isongo sayo kunye neempawu okunesondlo, kodwa iimveliso aphelelwe inkxalabo kwezempilo kunye yokuthengisa kwakhe emthethweni.

amalungelo abathengi

ilungelo elisemthethweni lomthengi na ukubuyiswa kwempahla ukuya evenkileni, ukuba kukho iziphene emva ukuthengwa, yaye othengisayo zange ubalumkise. I algorithm ichazwa imithetho Russian Federation (uMthetho phezu Ukukhuselwa inombolo abathengi 2300-1 ukusuka 07.02.1992):

• impahla babuyela kufuneka zibhalwe phantsi. Ukuze benze oku, umthengi ubhala isicelo ngendlela simahla, nto leyo ibonisa data, iziphene zayo imveliso kwaye inyanzelisa ukubuyiselwa imali ihlawulwe. Ngokomthetho, imali kumthengi kufuneka ibuyiselwe kwiintsuku ezili-15 emva kwentengiso. Kulo mzekelo, umthengisi angafunda okunye - ukutshintshwa okanye ukulungiswa into efanayo. Le ngxelo ibhalwe iikopi ezimbini - yokuqala inikwa umthengisi, ukugcina ikopi isitampu yi umthengi.
• Umthengisi unyanzelekile ukuba amkele ingxelo kwi imbuyekezo ngokwalo impahla enesiphako, kwaye kananjalo ukukhangela ukuba iyahambelana kunye nesicelo.
• Kwimeko imbambano, umthengisi akavumelani kunye kusilela ezichongiweyo, kuyimfuneko ukuba enze uviwo, enokuthi kuyo umboleki. Olu vavanyo lwenziwa yi-nomthengisi. Ukuba umthengi akavumelani kunye nezigqibo zoviwo, uya kuba nelungelo ukumangalela. Ukuba inkundla ifumanisa ukuba iziphene ezithe zavela ngenxa akukho tyala lomthengisi, umthengi uya kubuyisela iindleko uviwo, eyenkundla kunye norhwebo (ekugcinweni, ekuthuthweni, njalo njalo.) Iindleko.
• Ngokutsho komthetho, othengisayo kufuneka ubuyele imali zingaphelanga iintsuku ezili-10 emva kokufumana isicelo. Isixa-mali kufuneka zihlawulwe, imali epheleleyo kokubamba ngokulahleka komsebenzi, iimpawu ubuhle yempahla hayi yenziwe.
• Umthengi unyanzelekile ukuba ayibuyise impahla apho isicelo singeniswe kwi nomthengisi.
• Ukuba umthengisi uyala ukuba abuyele imali, kwaye ubungqina illiquidity lwemveliso, kuyimfuneko ukuba uye enkundleni. Kulo mzekelo, i-sicelo unelungelo lokufuna imbuyekezo ezongezelelweyo (ukuba ilahleko, afumane isohlwayo, omhle, inxalenye yeendleko zenkundla njalo njalo. D.).

Nekonditsiya stock kubuyiselwa

iimpahla onganeno evenkileni yahlulwe ngokweendidi ezimbini: "A" kwaye "B". Iqela "A" kuquka iimveliso ezifuna uvavanyo, ukulungiswa, wabuyela ngabathengi. Emva apho impahla eli qela kuthunyelwa kwiziko lenkonzo ukuze umsebenzi ngakumbi - wokulungisa kunye nokuvavanywa. Ngokukhawuleza iingcali kwisigqibo malunga imo yezinto, kwaye ukuba abanako inokulungiswa, kuphothulwe, ngokusekelwe apho umthengi ubuyisela mali (ukuba iimpahla zibuyiselwe) okanye indawo.

uluvo Ingcaphephe luyasuka ukuya evenkileni, apho uthethwano luya kuqhubeka mfani-nye othengayo. Store anisizakali ukugcina kwiimveliso zabo enesiphako, ngoko ke ukususwa kwezinto onganeno, ngokudlulisela ukuba umthengisi kunye kumabango. Ukuba ungumlimi yorhwebo ayikho ukubuyela isivumelwano, apho kuya kubakho lokulahla ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokungaphelelanga.

raznosortitsa mgangathweni asigcinele

Iqela onganeno "B" kuquka iimveliso ukuba uhlobo onganeno kwemveliso, engekhoyo, nto leyo ifuna ukususwa izicwangciso client. Kwakhona kuquka iimveliso nokuba olubonakalisa ezingangqinelaniyo ezinjalo izitikha ukungafani kwi nokupakishwa kwi imveliso ngokwayo, izincedisi Zineemposiso kunye engafanelekanga izinto axel '(umzekelo, ifowuni iseti mobile kuquka headphones ezinye iimodeli).

Inxalenye impahla yeqela "B" ithunyelwe presales yokugcina, okususa setup client, kukho ukwehla, ukutshintsha ubume imveliso njalo njalo. D. An ingcali ivavanya ukuswela amathuba nokulungiswa (testing). Emva kokuba isigqibo okanye razukomplektovyvaetsya kwempahla okanye kuthunyelwa kwiziko lenkonzo. Eli candelo lwenziwa kungengokwentlambululo yendawo izicwangciso client kunye nokudluliselwa zinto zakwa, ingcali yenza isigqibo malunga nokuba markdowns.

Le mveliso abawuthobeli ukulungisa / buyisela, zezikhali ngenxa iintsimbi ukulungiswa elizayo. Products abangakwaziyo kusetyenziswa naluphi na uhlobo, zigqithiswe okanye akulahle nabavelisi yorhwebo.

reviews

lweshishini ngasinye yimveliso onganeno. Ukuphonononga abathengi liyithatha indlela imbambano malunga iingenelo neengozi bethenga iimpahla kunye iziphene. Akukho nkonzo, ngubani ubuncinane kanye zange nazo illiquid. Kwiimeko ezininzi, le mveliso kutsala ixabiso eliphantsi kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ihlala iminyaka. Abo lavumela ezinjalo uthenge, babelane ngamava abo, nto leyo ibonakalise ukuba yimpumelelo enkulu.

Abaninzi balatha ukuba iimpahla ezithengiweyo ifuna ukulungiswa ikhaya ezincinane ngokwazo, yaye kamva kwakungekho ngxaki kunye naye. Ubukhulu becala kumayelana iimveliso ephantsi-zobugcisa, apho impahla onganeno - zasendlini, ifenitshala, umqhaphu, iimveliso zesinyithi, njl ...

Uninzi nokubuyekezwa ezimbi ngaye eninzi okanye abaxhakaxhaka ukuthenga - iimoto, mobile phones, iikhompyutha, njl abathengi abaninzi bayavuma ukuba umngcipheko ekuthengeni loo nto: .. Repair ungafumana ngaphezu ukuthenga ngokwayo, kwaye usiqinisekisa umsebenzi osemgangathweni emva akukho ngenelelo.

Kuba uninzi abathengi ingxaki enkulu xa uthenga yaba ukunganyaniseki lomthengisi okanye umenzi. Abantu abaninzi bayavuma ukuba uthenge onganeno iimpahla, inkcazelo leyo okuhambelana imeko ngqo imicimbi, kwaye unalo ngendleko. Ngelishwa, amatyathanga ezininzi lentengiso athengisa ngokutsha illiquid njenge imveliso esemgangathweni yaye akafuni azise umthengi ngeengxaki ezidlulileyo, ukulungiswa okanye iziphene.